英语词汇辨析.docx

英语词汇辨析.docx

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英语词汇辨析

英语词汇辨析

abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意

abandon指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划

desert强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等（擅离职守）

forsake指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋eg.forsakeone'swifeandchildren遗弃妻儿;forsakebadhabits摈弃坏习惯

quit指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止"eg.quitwork停止工作

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exercises（choosethebestanswer&translateeverysentences）:

1.Hispresenceofmindnever__him.

A.desertedB.leftC.lostD.quit

2.Despitesomedifficulties,they'renotgoingto__theplan.

A.abandonB.desertC.forsakeD.quit

3.__itout!

A.ForsakeB.QuitC.GiveupD.Desert

4.ArnoldSchwarzeneggerhas__thetheaterforpolitics.

A.desertedB.forsookC.quitD.exchanged

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1.Hispresenceofmindneverdesertedhim.他从不失去镇静.

2.Despitesomedifficulties,they'renotgoingtoabandontheplan.尽管他们遇到了一些困难,但并不打算放弃这个计划.

3.Quititout!

住嘴./住手.

4.ArnoldSchwarzeneggerhasforsookthetheaterforpolitics.阿诺德•施瓦辛格弃艺从政了

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◣词语大辨析◥-§②

accessory，decoration，ornament都含有一定的"装饰品"之意

accessory[常作pl.]指（女性的）装饰品,（手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等）

decoration指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品

ornament指一般装饰品（ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换）

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1.Thehallis___withflowersandflags.

A.fullB.filledC.garnishedD.decorated

2.TheChristmastreewasdecoratedwithshinning___suchascoloredlightsandglassballs.

A.ornamentsB.luxuriesC.exhibitsD.complements

3.Sheworeagreenwoolsuitwithmatching___.

A.decorationsB.ornamentsC.accessoriesD.appendix

4.Canyouhelpmeto___afishwithslicesoflemon.

A.addB.garnishC.decorateD.ornament

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1.Thehallisdecoratedwithflowersandflags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.（此句也能用ornament替换.）

2.TheChristmastreewasdecoratedwithshinningornamentssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.

3.Sheworeagreenwoolsuitwithmatchingaccessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得体的首饰.

4.Canyouhelpmetogarnishafishwithslicesoflemon.你能帮我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?

（garnish多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等）

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◣词语大辨析◥-§③:

accomplish，complete，end，finish都含有"完成"之意

accomplish指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果

complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分

end指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止

finish指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止

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1.Wetriedtosettlethearguementbut___nothing.

A.accomplisedB.completedC.endedD.finished

2.Thetermwill___earlyinJuly.

A.accomplishB.completeC.endD.finish

3.Thebuildingwas___in1962..

A.accomplishedB.completedC.endedD.finished

4.Whenwilltheworkbe___.

A.accomplishedB.completedC.endedD.finished

5.比较:

Ihavefinishedthebook.和Ihavecompletedabook.分别释为何意呢?

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1.Wetriedtosettlethearguementbutaccomplishednothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.

2.ThetermwillendearlyinJuly.学期将在七月初结束.

3.Thebuildingwasfinishedin1962.大厦建成于1962年.

4.Whenwilltheworkbecompleted.工作什么时候完结?

5.Ihavefinishedthebook.我读完了那本书.

Ihavecompletedabook.我写完了一本书.

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◤词语大辨析◢-§.④

accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意

accurate准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性

correct正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误

delicate精美、精细的、雅致的

exact确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差

precise精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义

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1.Hispaintingisa/an___copyoftheoriginal.

A.exactB.preciseC.correctD.accurate

2.Lasertechnologyhasenhancedthe___ofmanysurgicalprocedures.

A.detailB.costC.exactionD.precision

3.Wehopetobecomemore___inpredictingearthquakes.

A.exactB.correctC.preciseD.accurate

4.It’sthe___thingtodo.

A.accurateB.preciseC.exactD.correct

5.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butaftera___operation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.

A.preciseB.delicateC.considerateD.exact

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1.Hispaintingisa/anexactcopyoftheoriginal.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.

2.Lasertechnologyhasenhancedtheprecisionofmanysurgicalprocedures.激光技术已大大提高了外科手术的精确度.

3.Wehopetobecomemoreaccurateinpredictingearthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.（beaccuratein…在…方面很精确）

4.It’sthecorrectthingtodo.正应如此.

5.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butafteradelicateoperation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.

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◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑤

accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意

accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth.为…指责某人,控告某人

chargechargesb.withdoingsth.指控某人…

indict具体用法见练习3、4、5句

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1.Thesoldierwas___ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished

2.He___mewithnegligenceofduty.

A.accusedB.blamedC.chargedD.indicted

3.Thepolice___himasarioter.

A.indictedB.accusedC.chargedD.punished

4.Hiscompany___himforsabotage.

A.accusedB.indictedC.blamedD.charged

5.Hewas___onachargeofmurder.

A.accusedB.chargedC.punishedD.indicted

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1.Thesoldierwasaccusedofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵逃脱.

2.Hechargedmewithnegligenceofduty.他指控我玩忽职守.

3.Thepoliceindictedhimasarioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.（indictsb.as…指控某人为…）

4.Hiscompanyindictedhimforsabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.（indictsbforsth.告发某人…）

5.Hewasindictedonachargeofmurder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.（sb.beindictedonachargeof…因犯…被告发）

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◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑥

achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意

achieve强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标

acquire指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等

attain正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地

gain指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西

obtain指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西

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1.Aftersomanyyearsofhardwork,hefinally___success.

A.obtainedB.acquiredC.achievedD.gained

2.Shehas___someveryunpleasanthabitsrecently.

A.obtainedB.gainedC.attainedD.acquired

3.Intyphoon,winds___aspeedgreaterthan120kmperhour.

A.assumeB.accomplishC.attainD.assemble

4.Inthesecondexperimentthey___averyclearresult.

A.obtainedB.acquiredC.wonD.attained

5.No___withoutpains.

A.obtainsB.gainsC.attainsD.acquires

6.She___agoodknowledgeofEnglishfromMr.Chen'slectures.

A.achievedB.attainedC.acquiredD.gained

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C.D.C.A.B.C.

1.Aftersomanyyearsofhardwork,hefinallyachievedsuccess.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功.

2.Shehasacquiredsomeveryunpleasanthabitsrecently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.

3.Intyphoon,windsattainaspeedgreaterthan120kmperhour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达120公里.

4.Inthesecondexperimenttheyobtainedaveryclearresult.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非常清楚的结果.

5.Nogainswithoutpains.不劳则无获.

6.SheacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglishfromMr.Chen'slectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识.

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◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑦

acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意

acknowledge着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事

admit是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认（事实,错误等）

concede（不情愿地）承认,（在结果确定前）承认失败

confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶

recognize指正式承认主权、权利等

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1.He___thatthestatementwastrueinanargument.

A.concededB.admittedC.confessedD.recognized

2.She___havingbeenatfault.

A.admittedB.confessedC.acknowledgedD.recognized

3.Thenewlawwasgenerallyadmitted___difficulttoenforce.

A.beingB.tobeingC.tobeD.tohave

4.Althoughtheyhadsufferedheavylosses,theyrefusedto___defeat.

A.concedB.conserveC.admitD.assert

5.Finallyhehasto___himselfguilty.

A.concedeB.confessC.admitD.acknowledge

6.Mr.Zhangwas___asthelegitimaterepresentative.

A.acknowledgeB.admittedC.concededD.recognized

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A.C.C.A.B.D

1.Heconcededthatthestatementwastrueinanargument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确的.（有点不情愿的承认）

2.Sheacknowledgedhavingbeenatfault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.

3.Thenewlawwasgenerallyadmittedtobedifficulttoenforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实施.（admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语,不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补.此句中admit为被动结构,所以用tobedifficulttoenforce作主语补语.）

4.Althoughtheyhadsufferedheavylosses,theyrefusedtoconcededefeat.虽然他们已遭受惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.

5.Finallyhehastoconfesshimselfguilty.最终他不得不认罪.（confessoneself认罪）

6.Mr.Zhangwasrecognizedasthelegitimaterepresentativeofthecompany.张先生背城认为公司的合法代表.

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◤词语大辨析◢-§⑧

affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意

affirm断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意

assert宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称

allege宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说

claim声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点

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1.Politiciansmoreoften___theirdesireforretirementthanshowthattheyreallymeanit.

A.assertB.claimC.allegeD.affirm

2.Thesuspect___thathehadnotbeenintheneighbourhood.

A.advocatedB.allegedC.addressedD.announceed

3.He___hisbeliefthatshewasinnocent.

A.affirmedB.assertedC.maintainedD.stressed

4.He___thatthiscouldbedone.

A