高考英语二轮复习专题7阅读理解类型3科普知识讲练0105160doc.docx
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高考英语二轮复习专题7阅读理解类型3科普知识讲练0105160doc
类型3|科普知识
考查要点
方法技巧
1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。
2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。
3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。
4．相似事物间的异同。
1.理清说明顺序：
时间、空间、逻辑顺序。
2．把握文章结构：
并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。
3．认清说明方法：
下定义、举事例、做比较、打比方等。
（2016·四川高考·D）
Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.
Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素），whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.
Thestudy，byresearchersfromSeoul，SouthKorea，involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.
Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime，accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.
Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.
Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow，takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.
Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent，whichhelpspeopletorelax.
Milkisalsosugarfreeandadditivefreewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.
32．Accordingtothetext，themicefedwithdaytimemilk．
A．startedsleepmoreeasily
B．weremoreanxious
C．werelessactive
D．wokeuplater
33．Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?
A．It'sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.
B．Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.
C．Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.
D．It'susedinsleepingdrugs.
34．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．NightMilkandSleep
B．Fat，SugarandHealth
C．AnExperimentonMice
D．MilkDrinkingandHealth
35．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?
A．Bygivingexamples.
B．Bystatingarguments.
C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.
D．Byprovidingresearchresults.
语篇解读：
本文是一篇议论文。
长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。
这到底是什么原因呢？
快来读文章吧！
长难句解读：
Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime，accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.
分析：
本句为复合句。
givennightmilk为过去分词短语作定语修饰其前面的those；which引导的定语从句修饰先行词nightmilk；fedwiththemilk为过去分词作定语修饰其前的those；collectedduringdaytime为过去分词短语作定语修饰其前的milk。
翻译：
由发表在《药物食品杂志》上的研究可知，饮用夜间挤出的牛奶的老鼠比那些饮用白天挤出的牛奶的老鼠更不活跃、更不焦虑，在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶所含的褪黑激素是在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的十倍。
32．B [细节理解题。
由第四段中的信息Thosegivennightmilk...werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime...可知，老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更活跃，也更焦虑，故选B项。
]
33．D [推理判断题。
由第六段中的信息takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠药中，故选D项。
]
34．A [标题归纳题。
作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象——晚上挤的牛奶。
在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。
]
35．D [推理判断题。
文章的第二、三、四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果，所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的，故选D项。
]
A
（2016·福建省五校统一考试）
Morethannineoutoftenyoungpeopleexposethemselvestothebluelightfromsmartphonesbeforebed，causingproblemswithsleep.Anewsurveyalsoshowsmorethan28millionpeopleintheUKregularlygetnomorethansevenhourssleepanight.ProfRichardWiseman，whocommissionedtheYouGovpolldescribedthefindingsas“extremelyworrying”．Ofthe2，149adultsquestioned，78%saidtheyusedelectronicdevicesbeforegoingtobed.Thisroseto91%amongthe18to24yearoldsquestionedinthesurvey.
Gettinglessthansevenhourssleepanightisbelowtherecommendedguidelines，andisassociatedwitharangeofproblems，includinganincreasedriskofweightgain，heartattacks，diabetesandcancer.“Thebluelightfromthesedevicessuppresses（压制）theproductionofthesleep—inducinghormonemelatonin，soit'simportanttoavoidthembeforebedtime，”saidProfRichardWiseman，fromtheUniversityofHertfordshire.
Everyoneneedsdifferentamountsofsleep，butadultsaregenerallythoughttorequireaminimumofseventoeighthoursanight.Teenagersarerecommendedtogetmore，aboutninehours.Theproportion（比例）ofpeoplethoughttobegettingtoolittlesleephadrisenbyafifthsincea“bedroompoll”conductedlastyearbytheNationalSleepFoundation.
Lastweekrevealedopticianswerewarningthattheoveruseofsmartphonesmaybeincreasingpeople'sriskofeyedamage.OpticianAndyHepworthsaid，“Bluevioletlightispotentiallyharmfultothebackofyoureyes.”Sooveralongperiodoftimeitcandamageyoureyes.Whenyou'relookingatasmartphone，thelightpeakingoutofthatisblueviolet.Thenewscameasasurveyof2，000peoplesuggestsunder25schecktheirsmartphones32timesaday.
本文是一篇科普说明文。
研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题。
1．Thepurposeofthepassageisto．
A．stressthatpeopledon'tusesmartphones
B．remindpeopleofenoughsleep
C．askpeoplenottosleeptoomuch
D．tellpeoplenottousesmartphonesbeforebed
D [写作意图题。
根据第一段的第一句“Morethannineoutoftenyoungpeopleexposethemselvestothebluelightfromsmartphonesbeforebed，causingproblemswithsleep.”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。
]
2．AccordingtowhatAndyHepworthsaid，theoveruseofsmartphonesmaybeincreasingpeople'sriskof．
A．weightgainB．cancer
C．eyedamageD．heartattacks
C [细节理解题。
根据最后一段的第一、二句“Lastweekrevealedopticianswerewarningthattheoveruseofsmartphonesmaybeincreasingpeople'sriskofeyedamage.OpticianAndyHepworthsaid，‘Bluevioletlightispotentiallyharmfultothebackofyoureyes.’”可知，AndyHepworth认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。
]
3．Teenagersaregenerallythoughttogetsleepofanight.
A．about9hoursB．7－8hours
C．lessthan7hoursD．morethan10hours
A [细节理解题。
根据第三段的第二句“Teenagersarerecommendedtogetmore，aboutninehours.”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。
]
【导学号：
85602016】
B
（2016·山西省第二次四校联考）
Formostcaffeine（咖啡因）consumers，itschiefbenefitisthatithelpsyougetmoredone.Thisiswhatmakesitunusual，saysStephenBraun，authorofBuzz:
TheScienceandLoreofAlcoholandCaffeine.
“Itsappealisthatithelpsusearnmoremoney，”headds.“Whatmakesitdifferentfromotherdrugsisthatit'susedasaproductivitytool—notforpleasure.”
Manyofhistory'screativemindshavealsobeenassociatedwithalargeamountofcaffeineconsumption.
Accordingtoonebiographer，theFrenchnovelistandplaywrightBalzacdrankasmanyas50cupsofcoffeeaday.“Wereitnotforcoffee，onecouldnotwrite，whichistosayonecouldnotlive，”heonceinsisted.
Forsevenyears，thefilmmakerDavidLynchateatthesameLosAngelesdinereveryday，drinkinguptosevensweetenedcupsofcoffee“withlotsofsugar”inonesitting，whichhesaidwouldguaranteethat“lotsofideas”arrived.
LudwigvanBeethovenwassaidtohavepainstakinglycountedoutexactly60coffeebeanspercupwhenhebrewed（煮）coffee.
PerhapsrecenttalesofcaffeineexcessfeaturedthesingerRobbieWilliams，whoreportedlyconsumed36cupsofblackcoffeeand20cansofRedBulladay.
Itistheroutinetaskitself，asmuchasthestimulating（刺激的）effectsofcaffeine，thatmakestheprocesssoimportant，saysMasonCurrey，authorofDailyRituals:
HowArtistsWork.“Alotofartistsusetheprocessofmakingcoffeeasagatewaytothecreativeprocess，”headds.“Youneedtogetintotherightmindsettodothatsortofwork，andthepreparationprocessprovidesafocus.”
Oneproblemwithattemptingtocontrolcaffeine,saysBraun，isthatitaffectseveryonedifferently—itisimpossibletoworkouta“safe”limitthatworksforeveryone.“Eventually，youhavetobecomeyourownscientist—thereisn'tanalternativetocarefulselfexperimentation，”hesays.
本文讲述了喝咖啡不仅可以帮助人们提神和提高工作效率，而且还可以帮助艺术家们获得灵感。
尽管如此，我们对咖啡的饮用量还是应该控制在需要的范围内。
4．StephenBraunmainlystressescaffeine's．
A．creatingideas
B．improvingworkefficiency
C．helpingpeopletorelax
D．stimulatingpeople
B [细节理解题。
根据第一段的“ithelpsyougetmoredone”和第二段中的“Whatmakesitdifferentfromotherdrugsisthatit'susedasaproductivitytool—notforpleasure.”可知，StephenBraun强调caffeine可以帮助我们提高工作效率。
故选B项。
]
5．Theexamplesofsomefamouspeoplearegiventoshowthat．
A．mostartistslikedrinkingcoffee
B．drinkingcoffeehelpsartistsmakemoremoney
C．there'salinkbetweendrinkingcoffeeandcreatingideas
D．drinkingcoffeemakesartistsbecomemoresuccessful
C [写作意图题。
根据第三段“Manyofhistory'screativemindshavealsobeenassociatedwithalargeamountofcaffeineconsumption.”和下文对这几位名人的描述可知，他们都通过喝咖啡来获得创意与灵感。
故选C项。
]
6．WhatdoesBraunadviseustodointheend?
A．Todrinklesscoffee.
B．Nevertotakemorecoffeethanyouneed.
C．Nevertolimitcaffeineuse.
D．Toworkoutasafelevelofcaffeineuse.
B [推理判断题。
文章最后一段Braun指出，就咖啡因的食用量而言，我们很难制订出一个适用于所有人的安全标准，最终，每个人都必须成为自己的科学家。
其言外之意是喝咖啡的量是因人而异的，故选B项。
]
C
（2016·石家庄市教学质量检测）
Backin1969，itwastheApollo11crewwhoflewtothemooninaspaceship.WhenU．S.astronautsNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinsteppedfootonthemoon，theywerethefirst.Meanwhile，theirfellowastronautMichaelCollinscircledthemoonintheirspaceship，namedColumbia.
WhenArmstrongandAldrinweredonewiththeirwalk，theyreturnedtothecommandmodule，andbacktotheEarth.ThatpartofthespaceshipisonviewattheSmithsonian'sNationalAirandSpaceMuseuminWashington，D.C.But，ifyoucannotgettoWashington，soonyouwillbeabletoseeColumbiaonyourcomputeroryoursmartphone.
DigitalscientistsarescanningtheinsideofColumbia.Theyarecreatinganonlinemodel，inthreedimensions，or“3D”．Bylookingattheseph
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