英美文化复习.docx

英美文化复习.docx

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英美文化复习

英美文化复习

Unit1

1.Nationalflower---rose

Flag—theUnionflagortheUnionJack

Anthem---GodSavetheQueen

2。

Welsh

Irish

Scottish

English

Ancestor

Celts

Celts

Picts

Celts

Angles

Saxons

Jutes

NationalLanguage

Welsh

Erse

Gaelic

English

Character

Emotional

reticent

Charming

vivacious

Serious

Cautious

thrifty

inventive

mystical

hard—working

thorough

open-hearted

hospitable

generous

Religion

Protestant

Protestant

Presbyterian

Protestant

2.Componentpartsofthecountry-——NorthernIreland、Scotland、England、Wales

Unit2

1.Nationalflower：

rose 

Bird：

TheBaldEagle

Flag：

TheStarsandStripes

anthem：

TheStarsandStripesForever　

Great　seal　:

美国国徽美国风光欣赏（20张）外围为两个同心圆，内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着“合众为一"　

UncleSam：

“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号，被用来代指“美国”或“美国政府”，主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。

Ineedyou　用于征兵

2。

Ethnicgroup：

White：

65％

LatinAmericandescent:

16。

5%

Black：

12。

9％

Asian:

4.6%

NativeAmerican（AmericanIndiansandInuit）:

1。

2％.

3.History:

Westwardmovement：

1789—1859

IndependenceWar:

1775-1789

CivilWar：

1860-1865

GreatDepression:

1929-1933

Civilrightsmovement:

1955–1968

4.补充

CivilWar

Time：

FromApril,1861toApril，1865

Twosidesofthewar:

TheNorthernStates＆theSouthernStates

Causesofthewar：

TheSouthwantedtokeepblackslaveswhilethenorthwasagainstslavery.

TheSouthwantedtosetupacountryoftheirownbutthenorthsaiditwaswrong.

Resultsofthewar:

TheNorthwonandthetwosidesjoinedupagain。

Theslavesweresetfree

Unit3

女王的地位和作用，也可用作王权象征吧

1.thequeenistheheadofstates，theQueenundertakesconstitutionalandrepresentationaldutieswhichhavedevelopedoverthousandyearsofhistory.

2.As”HeadofNation”，theQueenprovidingafocusfornationalidentity，unityexcellenceandsupportingserviceofstabilityandcontinuty,recognisingsuccess，achievementandvoluntarysector.

君主立宪制的含义（政府的构成未找到）

3.ConstitutionalmonarchyisaformofgovernmentinwhichaKingorQueenactsasHeadofState。

TheabilitytomakeandpasslegislationresideswithanelectedParliament,notwiththeMonarch

议会两院

4.TheHouseofLordsistheupperhouseoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom.membershipoftheHouseofLordsisnotattainedbyelectionbutisinsteadmadeupoftheLordsSpirtualandtheLordsTemporal。

5。

ThehouseofcommonsisthelowerhouseoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom。

TheCommonsisdemocraticallyelectedbody，consistingof650members，whoareknownas"Membersofparliament”.

Unit4

1.TheFederalgovernmentgetsitsstructureandpowerfromtheU.S.Constitution（宪法）

TheConstitutionwaswrittenandadoptedbythe“FoundingFathers”in1787

TheConstitutionsetsupafederalsystemofgovernmentbydividingpowersbetweenthenational，stateandlocalgovernments

2。

民主党，theDemocraticParty，（liberal自由党）.Donkey，smartbrave.

共和党，theRepublicanParty,（conservative保守党）.Elephant，strongdignified

3。

1Declareascandidate

a.Announceintentions,startCampaign

b.Raisemoney，hireastuff

c.Createagrossrootsforceofvolunteersinkeystates

3。

2EnterprimariesCaucusesandstateconventions

WindelegatescommittedtovoteforyouintheSummerNationalPartyConvention

3.3TheNationalPartyConvention

3.4TheFallCampaign

3。

5TheElectionDay11月第一个星期一过后的星期二

3.6TheElectionCollege12周第二个星期三

3.7CountingtheBallots计票日一月六号

3.8InaugurationDayJanuary20th

ElectoralCollege选举团Page62

4。

1LegislativeBranch；executiveBranch;JudicialBranch

4.2Thedistributionofpowerandauthorityamongthelegislative，executiveandjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

4。

3AsystemoflimitsimposedbytheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesonallbranchesofagovernmentbyvestingineachbranchtherighttoamendorvoidthoseactsofanotherthatallwithinitsjurisdiction（权限）

5.Congressisthelegislativebranch

Thereare2partstoCongress:

TheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate

Unit5Education

1.Features（特征）ofAmericaneducation，whatnationalbasicvaluesdothesystemreflectandwhatfunctions（功能）oftheeducationinUS？

P65页倒数第二行起，

Fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansbelievethateveryonedeservesanequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation。

schoolsopentoallclassesofAmericans，andfinancingtheschoolswithtaxmoneycollectedfromallcitizens

Americanpubliceducationhasastrongpracticalcontentthatincludetheteachingofvocationskillsandthedutiesofcitizens。

2.ThebasicstructureofAmericanEducationwithsomedetails.（美国教育的结构的一些细节）

P78页首行起

Americansviewtheirpublicschoolsystemasaneducationalladder，risingfromelementaryschooltohighschoolandfinallycollegeundergraduateprograms。

Mostchildrenstartschoolatagefive，byattendingkindergarten.Thenthereare6yearsofelementaryschooland2yearsofmiddleschool,and4yearsofhighschool.Alldo12yearscompulsoryeducation.

3.TherequirementsofAmericanStudentsadmittedorWhatwillbetakenintoconsiderationwhenAmericanhighschoolstudentsapplyforaplaceincollegesoruniversities?

（美国高中生申请进大学或学院的要求和需要考虑的条件）

P79页中，7段（总）（题目看到不是很懂，只找到了美国高中生选大学需要考虑的一些问题）

Whatdegreesdosetheschooloffer？

Howlongdoesittaketoearnone?

Attheundergraduatelevel,afour—year“liberalarts”courseofstudyistraditionallyofferedinsuchsubjectsashistory，languagesandphilosophy.

4.WhatarehighlyvaluedinAmericanschools（universitiesorcolleges）？

（美国高等学府里什么被高度重视?

）

Credits

Anundergraduatestudenthastoearnacertainnumberof“credicts"inordertoreceiveadegreeattheendof4yearsofcollege.

5.ComparisonofEducationBetweenBritainandtheUS（英美两国教育的对照）

US：

educationalladder；eachofthe50statesoperatesitsownuniversities，anddosomelargecitygovernments.Theydecidetheirownteachingcontent

Britain:

pre-primaryschool,primaryschool（6years）,secondaryschool（comprehensiveschoolandgrammarschool），attheageof16，preparetositexamsforuniversityentranceorvocationaltraining；theirteachingcontenthaveacommonstandardsallofthecountry.

Unit7Holidays

1。

AmericanIndependenceDay

whatabout4thofJulyactivities?

Letuslookatfourkinds—familyactivities,groupactivities,civicactivities,andspecialTVprograms.

familyactivities:

theywillprobablytrytodrivesomewheretovisitsomeone,ortoseesomesights，ortodosomethingspecial,ortostayhome，justliketheywouldonanyotherlongweekendinthesummer.Butotherwisetheywillprobablytrytohaveapicnicormaybeabackyardbarbecue.

groupactivities：

generallyhavemanychurchfriends。

civicactivities:

theyusuallyhaveaparade。

specialTVprograms：

somewithamessagefromtheAmericanPresidentorotherofficialstoremindAmericansofboththegoodandthebadintheirsociety.TherearealsosomeEntertainments。

2.AmericanFlagDay

theflagissoimportantthatJune14thisAmericanFlagDay，withflagsinfrontofhouses，offices,andpublicbuildings.Thesymbolofthe4thofJulyistheStarsandStripes,thenicknamefortheAmericanflag.Andthecolorsofthe4thofJulyarethecolorsoftheflag—red，white,andblue。

3.BritishChristmasDay

ChristmasisthebiggestandbestlovedBritishholiday.Schoolsclosefortheperiod，asdoshopsandoffices,sopeoplecanspendtimeathomewiththeirfamilies。

Nowadays,ChristmasiscelebratedbymostofBritonsbyexchanginggiftsandChristmascards,presentingholidayfoods,anddecoratinghomesandworkplaceswithcoloredlights，Christmastreesandornaments。

TherearethreeChristmastraditions，whichareparticularlyBritish：

oneistheChristmasPantomime，acomicalmusicalplay。

AnotherBritishChristmastraditionistoheartheQueengiveherChristmasmessagetoherrealmoverthetelevisionandradio。

TheBritishQueenisalsotheQueenofothernations,likeCanadaandAustralia，andsohermessageisbroadcasttohermillionsofsubjectsthroughouttheworld。

Athirdtradition,whichisalsocelebratedincountrieswithBritishheritages，isBoxingDay④,Traditionally,itwasonBoxingDaythatpeoplegaveChristmasgiftsormoneytotheirstafforservants.However，anewBoxingDaycustomhasemerged,inthecitiesatleast:

shopping.ShopsopenuptoselloffalltheirChristmasstockdecorations，food，cardsandgiftitemsatlowprices。

Butformostpeople,however,BoxingDayisadayforvisiting，eatingandrelaxing.

4.Easter

ForchurchgoersitisEaster⑤,notChristmas,whenschoolsanduniversitiescloseforabreak。

5.BuckinghamPalace

thesecondSaturdayinJunewhentheQueen’sbirthdayisofficiallycelebratedby“TroopingtheColor”aroundBuckinghamPalace⑦inLondon.TheU.K。

unlikemostcountries,doesnothavea“nationalholiday’,

6。

NewYear’sEve

NewYear'sEveiscelebration—timeforAmericans,butnotafamilycelebration.theywouldgotochurchonNewYear’sEve.TheyfrequentlycalltheirNewYear’sEvemeetinga“WatchNightService”（除夕礼拜）,meaningthattheywillwatch（stayawake）untiltheNewYearbegins。

Theeveningmayalsogosomethinglikethis：

themandrivestohisdate’shouseinhisfreshlycleanedandwashedcar。

Bothofthemdressasnicelyaspossible。

ImmediatelyalloverAmericapeopleshout“HappyNewYear!

”,andjoinothersinsingingthefamousScottishfriendshipsong“AuldLangSyne"（peoplealmostneversingitexceptonNewYear’sEve）.Thisdayhavehadthemosttrafficdeathsofanynightoftheyear.ifadrinkingdriverhasanaccident,therestaurantorbarthatservedthealcoholislegallypartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.

7.TimesSquare

Inthepast,NewYorkersmightendtheirevening（TheNewYear’sEve）infrontofTrinityChurch，butnowtheygotoaspecialcelebrationnotfarawayinTimesSquare④。

8.Apr