英国文学复习.docx

英国文学复习.docx

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英国文学复习

英国文学复习

题型：

1.填空10’

2.Terms5*5’

3.简答3*10’

4.Shortessay2*20’（4选2）

JaneAusten，Naipaul,CharlesDickens,EmilyBronte，DorisLessing,ThomasHardy

1.Romanticperiod

WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

TheLakePoets）①抒情歌谣集（withSamuelTaylorColeridge）②Theme:

1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:

Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils（水仙）andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女②序曲

GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824

（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。

恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。

）

“Byronichero”arenoblefiguresofproudness,mystery,romance,rebellionandloneliness,whoareagainsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①唐•璜恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记该隐②当初我们俩分别

JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817lHerplots,thoughfundamentallycomic，highlightthedependenceofwomenonmarriagetosecuresocialstandingandeconomicsecurity.

Style:

acombinationofparody,burlesque,irony,freeindirectspeech,andadegreeofrealism.inwhichthethoughtsandwordsofthecharactersmixwiththevoiceofthenarrator.Reflectingfeministthemes.

①理智与感情

傲慢与偏见

【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】showthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters

曼斯菲尔德庄园

爱玛

诺桑觉寺

劝导

WalterlScott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832（历史小说之父”）Fatherofhistorynovels①罗伯•罗伊②艾凡赫

2.Victorianage1837—1901p126.

Socialbackground

TheVictorianeraoftheUnitedKingdomwastheperiodofQueenVictoria'sreignfrom20June1837untilherdeathon22January1901.ItwasalongperiodofprosperityfortheBritishpeople.Theeraisoftencharacterizedasalongperiodofpeace,knownastheeconomic,colonial,andindustrialconsolidation.

Threeperiods:

a.theearlyperiod1832-1848,aperiodofsocialunrest

√thephilosophyofUtilitarianism

b.themiddleperiod1848-1870,aperiodofeconomicprosperityandreligiouscontroversy

c.thelastperiod1870-1901,aperiodofdecayofVitoriavalues

SocialFeatures

1.TheBritishEmpireflourishedunprecedentedly.

2.The populationofEngland hadalmostdoubled

3.GothicRevivalarchitecture becameincreasinglysignificant

4.Popularformsofentertainmentvariedby socialclass.

5.Theimprovementofcommunicationlinks.

Theriseofworkingclass原因：

1.Industrialrevolution—theintroductionofthesteammachinemakeitpossibleforthecapitaliststohireunskilledworkers,suchaswomenandchildren,enlargingthenumberofworkingclassnationwide.

2.ThepassingofTheReformBillOf1867—extendedthevotingrighttoworkingclass.

3.TheChartistMovement.宪章运动.Demonstratethepoweroftheworkingclass.

Literarygenre文学流派

Criticalrealism

Time:

TheCriticalRealismflourishedinthe40sandthebeginningof50softhe19thcentury,romanticismprecededandmodernismsucceeded.Putsimply,CriticalRealismhighlightsaminddependentaspectoftheworld,whichreachestounderstandthemindindependentworld.

Featuresofcriticalrealism：

a.Tofullyandcomprehensivelydisplaythereality

b.Torevealthevicesandcorruptionsofthecapitalistsociety.

Therealistsfirstandforemostsetthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfromademocraticviewpointanddelineatedthecryingcharacterizationofbourgeoisreality.

c.Toputforwardwithquestionsandprovokepeople’sconcernovertheircurrentsituationandthesociety.

Quality:

CharlesDickensp135

CharlesDickenswasthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianera.

作品：

TheAdventuresofOliverTwist，TheLifeandAdventuresofNicholasNickleby，TheOldCuriosityShop，AChristmasCarol，TheLifeandAdventuresofMartinChuzzlewit，DombeyandSon，DavidCopperfield，BleakHouse，HardTimes:

ForTheseTimes，ATaleofTwoCities，GreatExpectations，OurMutualFriend，TheMysteryofEdwinDrood

风格：

Dickensisoftendescribedasusing“idealized”charactersandhighlysentimentalscenestocontrastwithhiscaricaturesandtheuglysocialtruthshereveals.

艺术技巧：

Realism,masteryofprose,comicgenius

BrontesistersP195

CharlotteBronte：

JaneEyre

EmilyBronte：

WutheringHeights

AnneBronte：

AgnesGrey

ThomashardyP231

TessoftheD’Urbervilles,Intimeofthebreakingofnations国家分裂时，Afterwards身后，JudetheObscure，Epic-drama:

thedynasty

3.Modernism（简答）

Theme:

p283

Alienationandloneliness

Features:

p283

1.complexityandobscurity

2.theuseofsymbol

3.allusion

4.irony

Source:

1.Thesocial，ideologicalbackgroundofthemodernEnglishliterature：

.Thesocial，ideologicalbackgroundofthemodernEnglishliterature：

（1）TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature：

　　Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.TheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWarhadgreatlyinfluencedtheEnglishliterature.ThecatastrophicWorldWartremendouslyweakenedtheBritishEmpire,severelydestroyedpeople'sfaithintheVictorianvalues,andcausetheeconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusion.　　

（2）Ideologically，theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.（a）KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardthetheoryofscientificsocialism，whichprovidedaguidingprinciplefortheworkingpeopleandinspiredthemtofightsfortheirownemancipation.（b）Darwin'stheoryofevolutioncausemanytolosetheirreligiousfaith.ThesocialDarwinismunderthecoverof"survivalofthefittest，"stronglyadvocatedcolonialism.（c）Einstein'stheoryofrelativityprovidedentirelynewideasfortheconceptsoftimeandspace.（d）Freud'sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredourconceptionofhumannature.

OscarWilde

Writing：

Heistherepresentativeofaestheticismanddecadence.Hebecameknownforhisinvolvementintherisingphilosophyofaestheticism（ledbytwoofhistutors,WalterPaterandJohnRuskin）

Aestheticism, late19th-centuryEuropeanartsmovementwhichcenteredonthedoctrinethatartexistsforthesakeofitsbeautyalone,andthatitneedservenopolitical,didactic,orotherpurpose.Themovementbeganinreactiontoprevailingutilitariansocialphilosophiesandtowhatwasperceivedastheuglinessandphilistinismoftheindustrialage.

ArtforArt'sSake：

•Referstoaliteraturemovementblossomedfromabout1868toabout1890.TheimprisonmentofOscarWildemarkstheendofthismovement.

•A.therewasnoconnectionbetweenartandmorality.

•B.LifeshouldcopyArt.

•D.Themaincharacteristicsofthemovementwere:

suggestionratherthanstatement,massiveuseofsymbols,correspondencebetweenwords,coloursandmusic.

Masterpieces：

童话：

《道林·格雷的画像》（ThePictureofDorianGray）,《快乐王子和其他故事》（TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales）,《夜莺与蔷薇（Thenightingaleandtherose）》,《自私的巨人（TheselfishGiant）》,《忠实的朋友（Thedevotedfriend）》

诗作：

《斯芬克斯》（Sphinx）,《瑞丁监狱之歌》（TheBalladofReadingGaol）

剧本：

《薇拉》（Vera），《温德密尔夫人的扇子》（LadyWindermere`sFan），《帕都瓦公爵夫人》（TheDuchessofPadua），《无足轻重的女人》（AWomanofNoImportance），《认真的重要性》（TheImportanceofBeingEarnest）

E.pond:

E.pond（美）主要了解imagism

Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.TheImagistsrejectedthesentimentanddiscursivenesstypicalofmuchRomanticandVictorianpoetry.ItwasinitiallyledbyEzraPound,AmyLowell,andothers.Imagismcalledforareturntowhatwereseenasmoreclassicalvalues,suchasdirectnessofpresentationaswellasawillingnesstoexperimentwithnon-traditionalverseform.

EzraWestonLoomisPound（30October1885–1November1972）wasanAmericanexpatriatepoetandcriticandamajorfigureintheearlymodernistmovementinpoetry.HebecameknownforhisroleindevelopingImagism,whichfavoredtightlanguage,unadornedimagery,andastrongcorrespondencebetweentheverbalandmusicalqualitiesoftheverseandthemooditexpressed.Hisbest-knownworksincludeRipostes（1912）,HughSelwynMauberley（1920）,andhisunfinished120-sectionepic,TheCantos,whichconsumedhismiddleandlatecareer,andwaspublishedbetween1917and1969.

Frankenstein（简答）

ItisanovelwrittenbyMaryShelley.

MaryShelleywasaBritishnovelist,shortstorywriter,dramatist,essayist,biographer,andtravelwriter,bestknownforherFrankenstein,whichremainswidelyreadandhasinspiredmanytheatricalandfilmadaptations.

Themeandstyle:

Autobiographicalelements—ofteninterpretedasmaskedrewritingsofherlife,esp.therecurrenceofthefather–daughtermotifinparticular.

Novelisticgenres—employedthetechniquesofmanydifferentnovelisticgenres,mostvividlytheGodwiniannovel,WalterScott'snewhistoricalnovel,andtheGothicnovel

Gender—focusedontheroleofthefamilyinsocietyandwomen'srolewithinthatfamily

EnlightenmentandRomanticism—believedintheEnlightenmentideathatpeoplecouldimprovesocietythroughtheresponsibleexerciseofp