高中英语状语从句讲解及练习附答案.pdf
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第1页共6页状语从句状语从句AdverbialAdverbialClausesClauses编写:
南昌市外国语学校编写:
南昌市外国语学校邹乐铭邹乐铭2016.8.12016.8.1高考考察高考考察【专题要点】状语从句考点概览:
1.when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别;2.名词词组theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作连词,引导时间状语;3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引导让步状语从句的用法;6.结果状语从句中“so-that”与“such-that”的区别;7.条件状语从句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;8.“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”引导从句的用法【考纲要求】考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点:
1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别;2.根据历年高考试题,对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点中,重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上;3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句;4.做好易混词的辨析如:
as,when,while等,时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现;5.掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略;6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。
【基本概念】【基本概念】1、定义:
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
2、从属连词:
用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)的连词。
这类连词叫从属连词。
从属连词主要用于引导各种状语从句。
3、九大状语从句:
时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、地点状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。
【状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
通常为副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等】1.Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副词)2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介词状短语)3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)4.Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(过去分词)5.IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.(原因状语从句)状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。
enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
一、时间状语从句:
一、时间状语从句:
1、常用引导词:
when,as(当时),while,assoonas,before,after,since,not.untiluntill/till2、特殊引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant(瞬间,顷刻),immediately,directly(不久,立即),nosoonerthan(一.就.),hardlywhen(刚一.就.),scarcelywhen(刚.就./一.就.)当用当用nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。
作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。
例句:
IdidntrealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard,themomenttheysawtheguard.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.(Nosooner.than.meanssomethinghappenedrightaftersomethinghappened.)EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.【比较【比较when/while/as,as+n.=when.】1._timewenton,thingsbegantochange.(随着.)2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.(表对比:
而)3._Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(表让步:
虽然)4.Iwaswalkingalongtheroad_suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.5.Thestudentssang_theywentalong.(一边.一边)6.Strike_theironishot.7._achild,helivedinthecountryside.8.Becareful_crossingthestreet.【when表并列连词的结构】表并列连词的结构】1、sbwasdoingsthwhen.某人正在做,就在这时.2、sbwasaboutto/goingtodosthwhen.某人正打算做,就在这时.3、sbhasjustdonesthwhen.某人刚干了某事,就在这时.【before的用法】的用法】1.Turnoffthelight_youleavetheclassroom.2.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenightbuttheyhungup_Icouldanswerthephone.(:
还未来得及.就.,不等.就.)3.Itwontbelong_hefinisheshiswriting.Itwillbe/was一段时间before:
还要过.才.Itwillbe/wasnot一段时间before:
不多久就.4.*beforelong和和longbefore:
(1)beforelong的意思是“不久,很快”。
如:
Illbebackbeforelong.
(2)longbefore有两个用法:
老早,早就(单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。
如:
Thathadhappenedlongbefore.注:
longago表示“很久以前”,指的是从现在算起的很久以前,通常与一般过去时连用:
在的很久以前,在还没有的很久以前。
如:
Shehadleftlongbeforehisreturnhereturned.Hehadworkedinthefactorylongbeforehegotmarried.注:
此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时,但有时也可用一般过去时(因为before已体现了动作的先后关系)。
如:
Thishappenedlongbeforeyouwereborn.【after:
conj/prep】Afterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.=Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.=Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.【since用法】用法】Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.第2页共6页【until/till的用法】的用法】Hewaiteduntil/tillhismothercameback.肯定句:
(一直).为止Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.否定句:
直到.才Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_(村民才意识到)howseriousthepollutionwas.Itwasntuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhow.【assoonas/on/upon一一就就】Hetelephonedmeassoonashearrived._hisarrivalhetelephonedme.【once:
一旦一旦.就就.】Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.集中练习集中练习考题1Ihadjuststeepedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel_Iheardthesteps.(2006湖南)A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after考题2Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.(2006辽宁)A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while考题3Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before考题4Imgoingtothepostoffice._yourethere,canyougetmesomestamps?
(1999)A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If考题5_thedayswenton,theweathergotworse.(1990)A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As考题6Tom_intothehousewhennoone_.(1992)A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslipping;looked考题7I_alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_.(2006安徽)A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred考题8Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths_hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.(2007江西)A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.that考题9Itwassometime_werealizedthetruth.(2005山东)A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before考题10Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe_Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?
Perhapstwoorthreeyears.(2006福建)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before考题11Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?
Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.(2006四川)A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after考题12Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife_weveactuallyhadthatlesson.(2007天津)A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when考题13Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.(2003上海)A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until考题14Idontreallyworkhere;I_untilthenewsecretaryarrives.(1994)A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout考题15They_thetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.(1998)A.sawB.watchedC.noticedD.observed考题16Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?
Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(2003北京春)A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when考题17“Youcanthavethisfootballback_youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain,”theoldmansaidfirmly.(2006广东)A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until考题18Whatwasthepartylike?
Wonderful.Itsyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.(1993)A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since考题19They_friendssincetheymetinShanghai.(1989)A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned二、原因状语从句:
二、原因状语从句:
1、常用引导词:
because,since,as,2、特殊引导词:
seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat.MyfriendsdislikemebecauseImhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,letsbeginourconference.Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.【注意:
【注意:
seeing(that),now(that),considering(that),inthat这几个词汇与这几个词汇与since引导的原因状引导的原因状语从句意思相近,语从句意思相近,都表示都表示“既然既然”。
】。
】【比较:
【比较:
because,since,as和和for】1)because语势最强,表示不知道的原因用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道。
因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常被放置于主语之后。
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。
Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2)for虽然表示原因,但因语气比because弱得多,是可说可不说的话,只能位于主句之后。
这时,for是并列连词,如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主语内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for。
Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.【注意】inviewofthefactthat可用as/since/seeingthat来表示,但不能用because:
As/Since/Seeingthatyouarehere,youmayaswellgivemeahand.As/Since/SeeingthatTomknowsFrench,hedbetterdothetalking.在as/since/seeingthat意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时,可用if来代替:
As/Since/Seeing/IfyoudontlikeBill,whydidyouinvitehim?
集中训练集中训练考题1_youvegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.(1999)A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas考题2Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,_hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.(2006北京)A.andB.forC.butD.or考题3Amancannotsmilelikeachild,_achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.(2006湖南)A.soB.butC.andD.for三、条件状语从句:
三、条件状语从句:
【if的用法】的用法】Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.=Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.=Workharder,oryouwont第3页共6页succeed.=Workingharder,youwillsucceed.【unless=if.not】Unlesshecomes,wewontbeabletogo.【as/solongas】Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.【incase】Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.【onconditionthat(条件是)(条件是)】Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.【supposingconj.如果,假如如果,假如】supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。
Supposinganythingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?
假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?
【provided/providingconj.假如,除非,以假如,除非,以为条为条件】件】provided(that)+从句表示一种假设条件。
Hewillsignthecontractprovidedweoffermorefavorableterms.Hewontbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.四四、地点地点状语从句:
状语从句:
1、地点状语从句由where,wherever,引导,2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别,在于分句在句中作什么成分。
作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。
Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.(where引导地点状语从句)Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucame.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)判断:
Wewenthome,wherewehaddinner.此句是where引导的非限制性定语从句,这里where=athome(先行词是home)从句还原wehaddinnerathomeIwalkintothecanteenwherestudentsareeating此句也是where引导的定语从句,与上句不同之处在于此句是一个限制性定语从句.(限定说明了是一个什么样的食堂)地点状语从句与定语从句其本身属性就不同:
地点状语从句相当于大的副词;定语从句相当于大的形容词,副词是用来修饰动词的,Youcangowhereyouwanttogo.3、地点从句一般位于主句之后,但为了强调,也可以放在句首。
Withacar,apersoncangowherehepleasesandwhenhepleases.Andwherethereisshalethereislikelytobeoil.【典型例句】Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪.集中训练集中训练考题1Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?
Headvisedmetolive_theairisfresher.(2006四川)A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where考题2Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_thereishumansuffering.(2006江西)A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever考题3Ifyouaretraveling_thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2006天津)A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where五五、让步让步状语从句:
状语从句:
【thou