高中英语状语从句讲解及练习.doc
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状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：
时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：
when,as,while,until,not…until,before,after,since,theminute,themoment,each（every,next,thefirst）time等。
时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。
1．When,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1）When
Eg:
WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.
注意点：
when从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg:
When（shewas）walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.
2）As
As除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”
Eg:
Hesangashedanced.（一面```一面）
Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.（随着）
3）While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg:
Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.
While（theywere）havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.
注意点：
while有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。
eg:
Ipreferblacktee,whilehelikescoffee.
2．until,not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
肯定句：
Iwaiteduntilmidnight.
否定句：
Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.
注意点：
1）notuntil…在句首，主句用倒装
eg:
NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.
2）Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句
Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.
3.theminute,themoment,eachtime都可表示“一```就```”
eg:
Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.
注意点：
theminute,themoment,each（every,next,thefirst）time作连词不和when连用。
4．Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas表示为“一```就```”
eg:
Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.
ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.
注意点：
Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装
eg:
HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
二条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为两大类：
真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
引导条件状语从句的连词有：
if,evenif/though,unless/if…not,aslongas/solongas,asfaras/sofaras,provided/providing（that）,onconditionthat等。
条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。
1.unless和if…not
unless相当于if…not
eg:
Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.
Youwillnotfailifyoustudyhard.
注意点：
在虚拟条件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless
eg:
Ifshewerenottoosilly,shewouldunderstand.
2．引导条件状语从句的其它连词：
Eg:
Youmaygothere,aslongasyoukeepquite.
Eg:
Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.
Eg:
Iwillgoprovidedthatyougotoo.
三让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：
though,although,evenif/though,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho等。
1．though,although不可与but连用，但可以和yet,still连用.
Eg:
Though/Althoughitisraining,theyarestillrunningoutside.
注意点：
1）though可引导倒装（although不引导倒装），结构为：
强调对象+as/though+主语+其它成分，强调对象可为表语（名词、形容词）或状语（副词），表语为名词时，前面不用冠词。
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
Tiredasheis,hegoesonwithhiswork.
2）despite和inspiteof也有让步意义，后接名词或动词，而though,although是连词，后接从句。
Eg:
Despite/Inspiteofwantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.
Though/althoughshewantedtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.
2.“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”
eg:
Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.
Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.
注意点：
nomatter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句
3.evenif/though表示“即使”
eg:
Hedoesn’twanttomarryherevenif/thoughhelovesherverymuch.
四原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有：
because,since,as,nowthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,duetothefactthat,owingtothefactthat等
1．because
because语气最强，通常用于回答why提出的问题
注意点：
在itwas…that…的强调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as,for引导。
Eg:
Itisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.
2.since和as
since的语气比because弱，比as强，表示间接的，已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。
Eg:
As/Sinceyouarenotverywell,youhadbetterhavearest.
3．for
当for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。
Eg:
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.
五目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有：
sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat等。
Eg:
Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.
Hewrotethenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.
注意点：
lest,incase,forfearthat所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。
Eg:
Youhadbetterleavethekeyathomeincaseoneofusshouldthinkof/thinksofcomingback.
六结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：
sothat,so…that,such…that等
eg:
Heissoyoungthathecannotgotoschool.
Heissuchayoungboythathecannotgotoschool.
1．常用句型：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
2．so和such的搭配规律
such修饰名词或名词词组，so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many,few,much,little等。
Eg:
sofoolishsuchafool
soniceaflowersuchaniceflower
somany/fewflowerssuchniceflowers
somuch/littlemoneysuchrapidprogress
somanypeoplesuchalotofpeople
七比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有：
as…as,than,notso…as,themore…themore等
如：
HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother（does）
Ican’tjumpso/ashighashe（does）
Therearemoreworkersinthisfactorythanintheonenexttoit.
Themoreyouread,themoreinteresting,youwillfindthenovelis.
连接词than可作为关系代词用。
如：
Hewrotemorethanwasnecessary
Don’tcarrymoremoneythanisneeded
八地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有:
where,wherever以及where构成的复合词等
eg:
Shefoundhercalculatorwhereshelostit.
WhereverIam,Iwillmissyou.
注意点：
eg:
IhappenedtoseeyourdictionaryliewhereIuseditlasttime.（地点状语从句）
IhappenedtoseeyourdictionarylieinthelabwhereIuseditlasttime.（定语从句）
九方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连接词有as,justas,asif/though（一般用虚拟语气， 也有用直陈语气的）等。
EG：
Justdoasyouaretold.
Theworkerswentonworkingasifnothinghadhappened.
Hetalkedtothegirlasthoughhehadfalleninlovewithher.
在justas---,so---结构中， as带有比喻含义。
意为“正如”， 多用于正式文体。
EG：
Justassomepeoplelikesports,sosomepeoplelikemusic.
theway也可引导方式状语从句 。
EG：
youshouldoperatethemachinethewayIdo.
基础题
1.We'dbetterhurry______itisgettingdark.
A.andB.butC.asD.unless
2.Ididn'tmanagetodoit_____youhadexplainedhow.
A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before
3._____hecomes,wewon'tbeabletogo.
A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even
4.Ihurried_____Iwouldn'tbelateforclass.
A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
5._____Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.
A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where
6.What'sthematter_____theystillhaven'tansweredthetelegram?
A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however
7.Bringitnearer_____Imayseeitbetter.
A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since
8.YoumayarriveinBeijingearly_____youmindtakingthenighttrain.
A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if
9.Helenlistenedcarefully_____shemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.
A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough
10.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_____theydotoday.
A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as
11._____hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.
A.MuchB.HoweverC.AsD.Although
12.Poor_____itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,_____youmaygo.
A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;wherever
13.Thechildwas__immediatelyaftersupper.
A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobed
C.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed
14.Thehistoryofnursing__thehistoryofman.
A.asoldasB.isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas
15._____borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.
A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although
16._____westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.
A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof
17.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens_____hisfatherdied.
A.thanB.asC.whileD.when
18._____Davidgoes,heiswelcome.
A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever
19.Thehousestood_____therehadbeenarock.
A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where
20.Small_____itis,thepenisamostusefultool.
A.becauseB.soC.ifD.as
21.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_____tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.
A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas
22.Thepianointheothershopwillbe_____,but_____.
A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetter
C.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood
23.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.
A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas
24.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,
A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyread
C.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread
25.___thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.
A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
26.—Whatwasthepartylike?
—Wonderful.It'syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.
A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since
27.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then
28.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.
A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever
29.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
30._____,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate
C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis
1-5CABBA6-10BCCBD11-15BACDD16-20ADCDD21-25CCBAD26-30DBCBD
提高题
1.—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?
—Idon’tmindwherewego______there’ssun,seaandbeach.（2008全国I卷）
A.asif B.aslongas C.nowthat D.inorderthat
2.-----Doyouhaveaminute?
I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.
-----Ok,______youmakeitshort.（2008安徽卷）
A.nowth
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