新托福TPO阅读词汇笔记.pdf

新托福TPO阅读词汇笔记.pdf

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TPO1,Passage11TimberlineVegetationonMountainsTPO1,Passage25TheOriginsofTheaterTPO1,Passage39GroundwaterTPO2,Passage112DesertFormationTPO2,Passage216TheOriginsofCetaceansTPO2,Passage319EarlyCinemaTPO3,Passage122ArchitectureTPO3,Passage226DepletionoftheOgallalaAquiferTPO3,Passage330TheLong-TermStabilityofEcosystemsTPO4,Passage134DeerPopulationsofthePugetSoundTPO4,Passage238CaveArtinEuropeTPO4,Passage341PetroleumResourcesTPO5,Passage145MineralsandPlantsTPO5,Passage249TheOriginofthePacificIslandPeopleTPO5,Passage353TheCambrianExplosionTPO6,Passage157PoweringtheIndustrialRevolutionTPO6,Passage260WilliamSmithTPO6,Passage363InfantileAmnesiaTPO7,Passage166TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterraneanTPO7,Passage269AncientRomeandGreeceTPO7,Passage374Agriculture,Iron,andtheBantuPeoplesTPO8,Passage178TheRiseofTeotihuacan目录ContentsiiTPO8,Passage282ExtinctionoftheDinosaursTPO8,Passage386RunningWateronMarsTPO9,Passage190ColonizingtheAmericasviatheNorthwestCoastTPO9,Passage293ReflectioninTeachingTPO9,Passage397TheArrivalofPlantLifeinHawaiiTPO10,Passage1101ChinesePotteryTPO10,Passage2106VariationsintheClimateTPO10,Passage3110Seventeenth-CenturyEuropeanEconomicGrowthTPO11,Passage1114AncientEgyptianSculptureTPO11,Passage2118OrientationandNavigationTPO11,Passage3122BeggingbyNestlingsTPO12,Passage1126WhichHandDidTheyUse?

TPO12,Passage2130TransitiontoSoundinFilmTPO12,Passage3134WaterintheDesertTPO13,Passage1138TypesofSocialGroupsTPO13,Passage2142BiologicalClocksTPO13,Passage3146MethodsofStudyingInfantPerceptionTPO14,Passage1149ChildrenandAdvertisingTPO14,Passage2153MayaWaterProblemsTPO14,Passage3157PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasiaTPO15,Passage1161GlacierFormationTPO15,Passage2164AWarm-BloodedTurtleTPO15,Passage3167MassExtinctionsTPO16,Passage1171TradeandtheAncientMiddleEastTPO16,Passage2175DevelopmentofthePeriodicTableTPO16,Passage3178PlanetsinOurSolarSystemTPO17,Passage1181EuropesEarlySeaTradewithAsiaTPO17,Passage2185AnimalSignalsintheRainForestTPO17,Passage3188SymbioticRelationshipsTPO18,Passage1192IndustrializationintheNetherlandsandScandinaviaTPO18,Passage2196TheMysteryofYawningiiiTPO18,Passage3200LightningTPO19,Passage1203TheRomanArmysImpactonBritainTPO19,Passage2207Succession,Climax,andEcosystemsTPO19,Passage3211DiscoveringtheIceAgesTPO20,Passage1214WestwardMigrationTPO20,Passage2218EarlySettlementsinSouthwestAsiaTPO20,Passage3222FossilPreservationTPO21,Passage1226GeothermalEnergyTPO21,Passage2229TheOriginsofAgricultureTPO21,Passage3233AutobiographicalMemoryTPO22,Passage1237SpartinaTPO22,Passage2241TheBirthofPhotographyTPO22,Passage3245TheAllendeMeteoriteTPO23,Passage1249UrbanClimatesTPO23,Passage2253Seventeenth-CenturyDutchAgricultureTPO23,Passage3257RockArtoftheAustraliaAboriginesTPO24,Passage1261LakeWaterTPO24,Passage2264BreathingDuringSleepTPO24,Passage3267MovingintoPueblosTPO25,Passage1271TheSurfaceofMarsTPO25,Passage2274TheDeclineofVenetianShippingTPO25,Passage3278TheEvolutionaryOriginofPlantsTPO26,Passage1282EnergyandtheIndustrialRevolutionTPO26,Passage2286SurvivalofPlantsandAnimalsinDesertConditionsTPO26,Passage3290SumerandtheFirstCitiesoftheAncientNearEastTPO27,Passage1294CraftsintheAncientNearEastTPO27,Passage2297TheFormationofVolcanicIslandsTPO27,Passage3299Predator-PreyCyclesTPO28,Passage1301GroundwaterTPO28,Passage2303EarlySaharanPastoralistsTPO28,Passage3305BuckRubsandBuckScrapesTPO29,Passage1307ivCharacteristicsofRomanPotteryTPO29,Passage2309CompetitionTPO29,Passage3311TheHistoryofWaterpowerTPO30,Passage1313RoleofPlayinDevelopmentTPO30,Passage2315ThePaceofEvolutionaryChangeTPO30,Passage3317TheInventionoftheMechanicalClockTPO31,Passage1320SpeciationinGeographicallyIsolatedPopulationsTPO31,Passage2323EarlyChildhoodEducationTPO31,Passage3327SavannaFormationTPO32,Passage1331PlantColonizationTPO32,Passage2334Siam,1851-1910TPO32,Passage3338DistributionsofTropicalBeeColoniesTPO33,Passage1341TheFirstCivilizationsTPO33,Passage2346RailroadsandCommercialAgricultureinNineteenth-CenturyUnitedStatesTPO33,Passage3350ExtinctionEpisodesofthePastTPO34,Passage1353IslamicArtandtheBookTPO34,Passage2356ProtectionofPlantsbyInsectsTPO34,Passage3359TheDevelopmentofSteamPower1TPO1,Passage1TPO1,Passage1TimberlineVegetationonMountains题目timberline/tmblan/n.树带界线vegetation/vedten/n.植物（总称）；植被第1段transition/trnzn/n.过渡；转变treeless/trils/a.无树木的tundra/tndr/n.冻土带；苔原slope/slp/n.斜坡v.倾斜dramatic/drmtk/a.戏剧性的；引人注目的vertical/vtkl/a.垂直的disappear/dsp/v.消失life-formn.生物replace/rples/v.取代，代替shrub/rb/n.灌木herb/hb/n.草本植物zone/zn/n.区域；气候带upper/p/a.上部的；较高的treeline林木线semiarid/semird/a.半干旱的lower/l/a.较低的v.削弱；（使）降低steppe/step/n.干草原lack/lk/n.缺乏v.缺乏moisture/mst/n.水分，湿气第2段snowline雪线tropics/trpks/n.热带地区PolarRegion极地polar/pl/a.（南、北）极的；完全相反的rangefrom从到范围；从到变化subtropics/sbtrpks/n.亚热带地区moist/mst/a.潮湿的evergreen/evgrin/n.常青树a.常青的suggest/sdest/v.暗示；提出；建议advantage/dvntd/n.优势；益处deciduous/dsdus/a.（树木）每年落叶的extreme/kstrim/a.极度的，极端的broadleaf/brdlif/n.阔叶树species/spiiz/n.物种，种类birch/bt/n.桦树Himalayas/hmlez/n.喜马拉雅山第3段twist/twst/v.扭；歪曲deformed/dfmd/a.变形的，畸形的particularly/ptkjlli/ad.特别地；尤其latitude/lttjud/n.纬度tendto倾向于，易于attain/ten/v.实现，达到height/hat/n.高度；高处ridge/rd/n.山脊whereas/werz/conj.但是valley/vli/n.山谷；流域influence/nflns/v.影响n.影响duration/djren/n.持续；持续的时间depth/dep/n.深度；深处2新托福TPO阅读词汇笔记snowcover积雪（层）；雪盖last/lst/v.持续a.最后的expose/kspz/v.暴露；显露velocity/vlsti/n.速度high-velocityn.高速thin/n/a.薄的；稀疏的appear/p/v.显得；出现favorable/fevrbl/a.有利的；赞成的；讨人喜欢的proneto倾向于dryout（使）变干，（使）干涸frost/frst/v.结霜n.霜第4段universally/junvsli/ad.普遍地agreed-ona.一致的explanation/eksplnen/n.解释，说明cessation/sesen/n.中断；（暂时）停止various/veris/a.各种各样的factor/fkt/n.因素，要素playarole发挥作用；扮演角色smother/sm/v.（使）窒息；覆盖avalanche/vln/n.雪崩v.雪崩creep/krip/n.爬行v.爬行；蔓延damage/dmd/v.损害n.损害，损毁destroy/dstr/v.破坏，毁灭late-lyingsnow经久不化的积雪effective/fektv/a.有效的growingseason生长季节seedling/sidl/刚出芽的幼苗establish/stbl/v.安置；建立increase/nkris/v.增加，增多/nkris/n.增加，增多evident/evdnt/a.明显的shape/ep/n.外形，形状propose/prpz/v.提议，申请；求婚presence/prezns/n.出现；出席increasing/nkris/a.逐渐增加的，越来越多的同义词：

progressiveultraviolet/ltrvalt/a.紫外线的ultravioletlight紫外线elevation/elven/n.提升；海拔browse/braz/v.吃草；浏览graze/grez/v.放牧ibex/abeks/n.野山羊contributing/kntrbjt/a.起作用的；贡献的probably/prbbli/ad.或许；大概；可能shoot/ut/n.芽；枝bud/bd/n.芽，苞，花蕾mature/mt/a.成熟的sufficiently/sfntli/ad.足够地，充分地survive/svav/v.幸存；活下来第5段alpine/lpan/a.高山的immediately/miditli/ad.直接地；立即，马上adjacent/desnt/a.邻近的；毗邻的consistof由组成fairly/feli/ad.相当地；完全地；公平地complete/kmplit/a.完整的，完全的v.完成cover/kv/n.覆盖物v.覆盖；涉及low-lyinga.低的diversity/davsti/n.多样性decrease/dkris/v.减少；缩减/dikris/n.减少反义词：

increasebare/be/a.光秃秃的；赤裸的3TPO1,Passage1occasional/kenl/a.偶尔的moss/ms/n.苔藓lichen/lakn/n.地衣prostrate/prstret/a.卧倒的/prstret/v.使俯卧cushion/kn/n.垫子microhabitat/makrhbtt/n.微环境melt/melt/v.融化；消散snowdrift/sndrft/n.（被风吹集的）雪堆第6段striking/strak/a.惊人的；显著的同义词：

astonishingcharacteristic/krktrstk/n.特征a.特有的form/fm/n.形式；组成，结构enable/nebl/v.使能够；使可能avoid/vd/v.避免，避开rigor/rg/n.严酷，艰苦；严格permit/pmt/v.允许；许可n.许可makeuseof使用；利用limiting/lmt/a.限制的additional/dnl/a.额外的，另外的crucial/krul/a.决定性的；至关重要的insulation/nslen/n.隔离，隔绝equatorial/ekwtril/a.赤道的，赤道附近的prevalent/prevlnt/a.普遍的，流行的Q1&Q3gradual/grdl/a.渐渐的，逐步的complex/kmpleks/a.复杂的；复合的mark/mk/v.标出n.记号；分数surround/srand/v.包围；环绕suffer/sf/v.受痛苦；受损害（常与from连用）Q4&Q5&Q7likely/lakli/a.可能的ad.可能resist/rzst/v.抵抗，对抗；阻止achieve/tiv/v.达到，实现；获得endure/ndj/v.忍耐，容忍adapt/dpt/v.适应resistant/rzstnt/a.抵抗的Q8&Q9negatively/negtvli/ad.否定地；消极地affect/fekt/v.影响seriously/srisli/ad.严重地；危险地同义词：

severelyharm/hm/v.伤害n.损害，伤害cause/kz/v.引起n.原因，起因Q10&Q12argue/gju/v.主张；辩论phenomenon/fnmnn/n.现象insupportof支持，证明正确primary/pramri/a.主要的；初级的；基本的responsiblefor对负责；是造成的主要原因；导致identify/adentfa/v.识别；认出satisfactory/stsfktri/a.令人满意的elsewhere/elswe/ad.在别处；到别处Q14agreement/grimnt/n.一致，同意；协议exactly/gzktli/ad.精确地；准确地sharply/pli/ad.急剧地；猛烈地4新托福TPO阅读词汇笔记prevent/prvent/v.阻止；预防snowfall/snfl/n.降雪geographical/digrfkl/a.地理学的，地理的physical/fzkl/a.物质的；物理学的；身体的determine/dtmn/v.确定；做出决定despite/dspat/prep.尽管5TPO1,Passage2TPO1,Passage2TheOriginsofTheater第1段origin/rdn/n.起源；出身theater/t/n.戏剧；剧场seek/sik/v.试图；寻找describe/dskrab/v.描述relyon依赖，依靠primarily/pramrli/ad.主要地，首要地speculation/spekjlen/n.推断；猜测；思考since/sns/conj.由于；自从之后concrete/kkrit/a.确实的；有形的draw/dr/v.提取；取出widely/wadli/ad.广泛地；普遍地champion/tmpin/v.支持n.冠军anthropologist/nrpldst/n.人类学家envision/nvn/v.想像，展望emergeoutof从出现（显露）myth/m/n.神话ritual/rtl/n.（宗教等）仪式process/prses/n.过程，进程v.处理；加工perceive/psiv/v.理解；察觉summarize/smraz/v.总结，概述briefly/brifli/ad.简洁地；简短地stage/sted/n.阶段；舞台beawareof意识到appear/p/v.显得；出现supply/spla/n.供给v.供给，供应well-being/welbi/n.福利；幸福understanding/ndstnd/n.理解（力）；认识cause/kz/n.原因v.导致attributeto把某事归因于同义词：

dueto；ascribetodesirable/dzarbl/a.可取的，值得拥有的反义词：

undesirable不想要的；不受欢迎的occurrence/krns/n.事件；发生的事supernatural/sjupntrl/a.超自然的n.超自然现象magical/mdkl/a.魔力的，不可思议的search/st/v.找寻n.搜索，寻找means/minz/n.方法，手段favor/fev/n.好感；喜爱v.喜欢apparent/prnt/a.显然的，清晰可见的perform/pfm/v.表演；履行repeat/rpit/v.重复，重演refine/rfan/v.使文雅高尚；精炼formalize/fmlaz/v.使正式；书面化fixed/fkst/a.固定的，不变的ceremony/serimni/n.仪式；典礼第2段frequently/frikwntli/ad.频繁地，屡次地representative/reprzenttv/n.代表a.代表性的celebrate/selbret/v.庆祝；赞美costume/kstjum/n.装束，服装6新托福TPO阅读词汇笔记mask/msk/n.面具，伪装v.用面具遮住mythical/mkl/a.神话的；想象的character/krkt/n.人物；特性accompany/kmpni/v.伴随同时发生；陪伴sophisticated/sfstketd/a.复杂的；成熟的conception/knsepn/n.构想，设想；概念abandon/bndn/v.放弃；抛弃modify/mdfa/v.修改，更改trad