三十六计中英文对照综述.docx
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三十六计中英文对照综述
1
Chapter1:
WinningStratagems
第一套胜战计
第一计瞒天过海
crossing the sea under camouflage
▌原文
备周则意怠；常见则不疑。
阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。
太阳，太阴。
▌英文注释
Maskyourrealgoals,byusingtheruseofafakegoal,untiltherealgoalisachieved.Tactically,thisisknownasan'openfeint':
infrontofeveryone,youpointwest,whenyourgoalisactuallyintheeast.
第二计 围魏救赵
relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
▌原文
共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。
▌英文注释
Whentheenemyistoostrongtobeattackeddirectly,thenattacksomethingheholdsdear.Knowthathecannotbesuperiorinallthings.Somewherethereisagapinthearmour,aweaknessthatcanbeattackedinstead.Theideahereistoavoidahead-onbattlewithastrongenemy,andinsteadstrikeathisweaknesselsewhere.Thiswillforcethestrongenemytoretreatinordertosupporthisweakness.Battlingagainstthenowtiredandlow-moraleenemywillgiveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.
第三计 借刀杀人
killing someone with a borrowed knife
▌原文
敌已明，友示定，引友杀敌，不自出力，以《损》推演。
▌英文注释
Whenyoudonothavethemeanstoattackyourenemydirectly,thenattackusingthestrengthofanother.Trickanallyintoattackinghim,bribeanofficialtoturntraitor,orusetheenemy'sownstrengthagainsthim.
第四计 以逸待劳
waiting at one's ease for the exhausted enemy
▌原文
困敌之势，不以战；损刚益柔。
▌英文注释
Itisanadvantagetochoosethetimeandplaceforbattle.Inthiswayyouknowwhenandwherethebattlewilltakeplace,whileyourenemydoesnot.Encourageyourenemytoexpendhisenergyinfutilequestswhileyouconserveyourstrength.Whenheisexhaustedandconfused,youattackwithenergyandpurpose.
第五计 趁火打劫
plundering a burning house
▌原文
敌之害大，就势取利，刚决柔也。
▌英文注释
Whenacountryisbesetbyinternalconflicts,whendiseaseandfamineravagethepopulation,whencorruptionandcrimearerampant,thenitwillbeunabletodealwithanoutsidethreat.Thisisthetimetoattack.
第六计 声东击西
making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
▌原文
敌志乱萃，不虞，坤下兑上之象。
利其不自主而取之。
▌英文注释
Inanybattletheelementofsurprisecanprovideanoverwhelmingadvantage.Evenwhenfacetofacewithanenemy,surprisecanstillbeemployedbyattackingwhereheleastexpectsit.Todothisyoumustcreateanexpectationintheenemy'smindthroughtheuseofafeint.
2
Chapter2:
EnemyDealingStratagems
第二套敌战计
第七计 无中生有
creating something out of nothing
▌原文
诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。
少阴，太阴，太阳。
▌英文注释
Youusethesamefeinttwice.Havingreactedtothefirstandoftenthesecondfeintaswell,theenemywillbehesitanttoreacttoathirdfeint.Thereforethethirdfeintistheactualattackcatchingyourenemywithhisguarddown.
第八计 暗渡陈仓
advancing secretly by an unknown path
▌原文
示之以动，利其静而有主，“益动而巽”。
▌英文注释
Deceivetheenemywithanobviousapproachthatwilltakeaverylongtime,whilesurprisinghimbytakingashortcutandsneakuptohim.Astheenemyconcentratesonthedecoy,hewillmissyousneakinguptohim.
第九计 隔岸观火
watching a fire from the other side of the river
▌原文
阳乖序乱，阴以待逆。
暴戾恣睢，其势自毙。
顺以动豫，豫顺以动。
▌英文注释
Delayenteringthefieldofbattleuntilalltheotherplayershavebecomeexhaustedfightingamongstthemselves.Thengoinatfullstrengthandpickupthepieces.
第十计 笑里藏刀
covering the dagger with a smile
▌原文
信而安之，阴以图之。
备而后动，勿使有变。
刚中柔外也。
▌英文注释
Charmandingratiateyourselfwithyourenemy.Whenyouhavegainedhistrust,moveagainsthiminsecret.
第十一计 李代桃僵
palmingoffsubstitutefortherealthing
▌原文
势必有损，损阴以益阳。
▌英文注释
Therearecircumstancesinwhichyoumustsacrificeshort-termobjectivesinordertogainthelong-termgoal.Thisisthescapegoatstrategywherebysomeoneelsesufferstheconsequencessothattherestdonot.
第十二计 顺手牵羊
pickingupsomethinginpassing
▌原文
微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。
少阴，少阳。
▌英文注释
Whilecarryingoutyourplansbeflexibleenoughtotakeadvantageofanyopportunitythatpresentsitself,howeversmall,andavailyourselfofanyprofit,howeverslight.
3
Chapter3:
AttackingStratagems
第三套：
攻战计
第十三计 打草惊蛇
beatingthegrasstofrightenthesnake
▌原文
疑以叩实，察而后动。
复者，阴之媒也。
▌英文注释
Dosomethingunaimed,butspectacular（"hittingthegrass"）toprovokearesponseoftheenemy（"startlethesnake"）,therebygivingawayhisplansorposition,orjusttaunthim.
Dosomethingunusual,strange,andunexpectedasthiswillarousetheenemy'ssuspicionanddisrupthisthinking.
Morewidelyusedas"[Donot]startlethesnakebyhittingthegrass".Animprudentactwillgiveyourpositionorintentionsawaytotheenemy.
第十四计 借尸还魂
resurrectingadeadsoulbyborrowingacorpse
▌原文
有用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。
借不能用者而用之。
匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。
▌英文注释
Takeaninstitution,atechnology,amethod,orevenanideologythathasbeenforgottenordiscardedandappropriateitforyourownpurpose.
Revivesomethingfromthepastbygivingitanewpurposeorbringtolifeoldideas,customs,ortraditionsandreinterpretthemtofityourpurposes.
第十五计 调虎离山
luringthetigeroutofhisden
▌原文
待天以困之，用人以诱之，往蹇来返。
▌英文注释
Neverdirectlyattackanopponentwhoseadvantageisderivedfromitsposition.Insteadlurehimawayfromhispositionthusseparatinghimfromhissourceofstrength.
第十六计 欲擒故纵
lettingtheenemyoffinordertocatchhim
▌原文
逼则反兵，走则减势。
紧随勿迫，累其气力，消其斗志，散而后擒，兵不血刃。
需，有孚，光。
▌英文注释
Corneredpreywilloftenmountafinaldesperateattack.Topreventthisyoulettheenemybelievehestillhasachanceforfreedom.
Hiswilltofightisthusdampenedbyhisdesiretoescape.Whenintheendthefreedomisprovenafalsehoodtheenemy'smoralewillbedefeatedandhewillsurrenderwithoutafight.
第十七计 抛砖引玉
givingtheenemysomethingtoinducehimtolosemorevaluablethings
▌原文
类以诱之，击蒙也。
▌英文注释
Baitsomeonebymakinghimbelievehegainssomethingorjustmakehimreacttoit（"tossoutabrick"）andobtainsomethingvaluablefromhiminreturn（"getajadegem"）.
第十八计 擒贼擒王
capturingtheringleaderfirstinordertocaptureallthefollowers
▌原文
摧其坚，夺其魁，以解其体。
龙战于野，其道穷也。
▌英文注释
Iftheenemy'sarmyisstrongbutisalliedtothecommanderonlybymoney,superstitionorthreats,thentakeaimattheleader.
Ifthecommanderfallstherestofthearmywilldisperseorcomeovertoyourside.
If,however,theyarealliedtotheleaderthroughloyaltythenbeware,thearmycancontinuetofightonafterhisdeathoutofvengeance.
4
Chapter4:
ChaosStratagems
第四套：
混战计
第十九计 釜底抽薪
extractingthefirewoodfromunderthecauldron
▌原文
不敌其力，而消其势，兑下乾上之象。
▌英文注释
Takeouttheleadingargumentorassetofsomeone;"stealsomeone'sthunder".Thisistheveryessenceofindirectapproach:
insteadofattackingenemy'sfightingforces,theattacksaredirectedagainsthisabilitytowagewar.
第二十计 混水摸鱼
muddlingthewatertocatchthefish;fishingintroubledwaters
▌原文
乘其阴乱，利其弱而无主。
随，以向晦入宴息。
▌英文注释
Createconfusionandusethisconfusiontofurtheryourowngoals.
第二十一计 金蝉脱壳
slippingawaybycastingoffacloak;gettingawaylikethecicadasloughingitsskin
▌原文
存其形，完其势；友不疑，敌不动。
巽而止蛊。
▌英文注释
Maskyourself.Eitherleaveone'sdistinctivetraitsbehind,thusbecominginconspicuous,ormasqueradeassomethingorsomeoneelse.
Thisstrategyismainlyusedtoescapefromenemyofsuperiorstrength.
第二十二计 关门捉贼
catchingthethiefbyclosing/blockinghisescaperoute
▌原文
小敌困之。
剥，不利有攸往。
▌英文注释
Tocaptureyourenemy,ormoregenerallyinfightingwars,todeliverthefinalblowtoyourenemy,youmustplanprudentlyifyouwanttosucceed.Donotrushintoaction.Beforeyou"moveinforthekill",firstcutoffyourenemy'sescaperoutes,andcutoffanyroutesthroughwhichoutsidehelpcanreachthem.
第二十三计 远交近攻
befriendingthedistantenemywhileattackinganearbyenemy
▌原文
形禁势格，利从近取，害以远隔。
上火下泽。
▌英文注释
Itisknownthatnationsthatbordereachotherbecomeenemieswhilenationsseparatedbydistanceandobstaclesmakebetterallies.
Whenyouarethestrongestinonefield,yourgreatestthreatisfromthesecondstrongestinyourfield,notthestrongestfromanotherfield.
第二十四计 假途伐虢
attackingtheenemybypassingthroughacommonneighbor
▌原文
两大之间，敌胁以从，我假以势。
困，有言不信。
▌英文注释
Borrowtheresourcesofanallytoattackacommonenemy.Oncetheenemyisdefeated,usethoseresourcestoturnontheallythatlentyoutheminthefirstplace.
5
Chapter5:
ProximateStratagems
第五套：
并战计
第二十五计 偷梁换柱
stealingthebeamsandpillarsandreplacingthemwithrottentimbers
▌原文
频更其阵，抽其劲旅，待其自败，而后乘之。
曳其轮也。
▌英文注释
Disrupttheenemy'sformations,interferewiththeirmethodsofoperations,changetherulesinwhichtheyareusedtofollowing,gocontrarytotheirstandardtraining.
Inthiswayyouremovethesupportingpillar,thecommonlinkthatmakesagroupofmenaneffectivefightingforce.
第二十六计 指桑骂槐
reviling/abusingthelocusttreewhilepointingtothemulberry
▌原文
大凌小者，警以诱之。
刚中而应，行险而顺。
▌英文注释
Todiscipline,control,orwarnotherswhosestatusorpositionexcludesthemfromdirectconfrontation;useanalogyandinnuendo.Withoutdirectlynamingnames,thoseaccusedcannotretaliatewithoutrevealingtheircomplicity.
第二十七计 假痴不癫
feigningmadnesswithoutbecominginsane
▌原文
宁伪作不知不为，不伪作假知妄为。
静不露机，云雷屯也。
▌英文注释
Hidebehindthemaskofafool,adrunk,oramadmantocreateconfusionaboutyourintentionsandmotivations.Lureyouropponentintounderestimatingyourabilityuntil,overconfident,hedropshisguard.Thenyoumayattack.
第二十八计 上屋抽梯
removingtheladderaftertheenemyhasclimbeduptheroof
▌原文
假之以便，唆之使前，断其援应，陷之死地。
遇毒，位不当也。
▌英文注释
Withbaitsanddeceptions,lureyourenemyintotreacherousterrain.Thencutoffhislinesofcommuni
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