旅行社管理系统中英文对照外文翻译文献.doc
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滨州学院毕业设计（专业外文翻译）
中英文对照外文翻译
（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）
ASP.NETOverview
ASP.NETisaunifiedWebdevelopmentmodelthatincludestheservicesnecessaryforyoutobuildenterprise-classWebapplicationswithaminimumofcoding.ASP.NETispartofthe.NETFramework,andwhencodingASP.NETapplicationsyouhaveaccesstoclassesinthe.NETFramework.Youcancodeyourapplicationsinanylanguagecompatiblewiththecommonlanguageruntime（CLR）,includingMicrosoftVisualBasic,C#,JScript .NET,andJ#.TheselanguagesenableyoutodevelopASP.NETapplicationsthatbenefitfromthecommonlanguageruntime,typesafety,inheritance,andsoon.
ASP.NETincludes:
·Apageandcontrolsframework
·TheASP.NETcompiler
·Securityinfrastructure
·State-managementfacilities
·Applicationconfiguration
·Healthmonitoringandperformancefeatures
·Debuggingsupport
·AnXMLWebservicesframework
·Extensiblehostingenvironmentandapplicationlifecyclemanagement
·Anextensibledesignerenvironment
TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkisaprogrammingframeworkthatrunsonaWebservertodynamicallyproduceandrenderASP.NETWebpages.ASP.NETWebpagescanberequestedfromanybrowserorclientdevice,andASP.NETrendersmarkup（suchasHTML）totherequestingbrowser.Asarule,youcanusethesamepageformultiplebrowsers,becauseASP.NETrenderstheappropriatemarkupforthebrowsermakingtherequest.However,youcandesignyourASP.NETWebpagetotargetaspecificbrowser,suchasMicrosoftInternetExplorer6,andtakeadvantageofthefeaturesofthatbrowser.ASP.NETsupportsmobilecontrolsforWeb-enableddevicessuchascellularphones,handheldcomputers,andpersonaldigitalassistants（PDAs）.
ASP.NETWebpagesarecompletelyobject-oriented.WithinASP.NETWebpagesyoucanworkwithHTMLelementsusingproperties,methods,andevents.TheASP.NETpageframeworkremovestheimplementationdetailsoftheseparationofclientandserverinherentinWeb-basedapplicationsbypresentingaunifiedmodelforrespondingtoclienteventsincodethatrunsattheserver.Theframeworkalsoautomaticallymaintainsthestateofapageandthecontrolsonthatpageduringthepageprocessinglifecycle.
TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkalsoenablesyoutoencapsulatecommonUIfunctionalityineasy-to-use,reusablecontrols.Controlsarewrittenonce,canbeusedinmanypages,andareintegratedintotheASP.NETWebpagethattheyareplacedinduringrendering.
TheASP.NETpageandcontrolsframeworkalsoprovidesfeaturestocontroltheoveralllookandfeelofyourWebsiteviathemesandskins.Youcandefinethemesandskinsandthenapplythematapageleveloratacontrollevel.
Inadditiontothemes,youcandefinemasterpagesthatyouusetocreateaconsistentlayoutforthepagesinyourapplication.Asinglemasterpagedefinesthelayoutandstandardbehaviorthatyouwantforallthepages（oragroupofpages）inyourapplication.Youcanthencreateindividualcontentpagesthatcontainthepage-specificcontentyouwanttodisplay.Whenusersrequestthecontentpages,theymergewiththemasterpagetoproduceoutputthatcombinesthelayoutofthemasterpagewiththecontentfromthecontentpage.
AllASP.NETcodeiscompiled,whichenablesstrongtyping,performanceoptimizations,andearlybinding,amongotherbenefits.Oncethecodehasbeencompiled,thecommonlanguageruntimefurthercompilesASP.NETcodetonativecode,providingimprovedperformance.
ASP.NETincludesacompilerthatwillcompileallyourapplicationcomponentsincludingpagesandcontrolsintoanassemblythattheASP.NEThostingenvironmentcanthenusetoserviceuserrequests.
Inadditiontothesecurityfeaturesof.NET,ASP.NETprovidesanadvancedsecurityinfrastructureforauthenticatingandauthorizinguseraccessaswellasperformingothersecurity-relatedtasks.YoucanauthenticateusersusingWindowsauthenticationsuppliedbyIIS,oryoucanmanageauthenticationusingyourownuserdatabaseusingASP.NETformsauthenticationandASP.NETmembership.Additionally,youcanmanagetheauthorizationtothecapabilitiesandinformationofyourWebapplicationusingWindowsgroupsoryourowncustomroledatabaseusingASP.NETroles.Youcaneasilyremove,addto,orreplacetheseschemesdependingupontheneedsofyourapplication.
ASP.NETalwaysrunswithaparticularWindowsidentitysoyoucansecureyourapplicationusingWindowscapabilitiessuchasNTFSAccessControlLists（ACLs）,databasepermissions,andsoon.FormoreinformationontheidentityofASP.NET,
ASP.NETprovidesintrinsicstatemanagementfunctionalitythatenablesyoutostoreinformationbetweenpagerequests,suchascustomerinformationorthecontentsofashoppingcart.Youcansaveandmanageapplication-specific,session-specific,page-specific,user-specific,anddeveloper-definedinformation.Thisinformationcanbeindependentofanycontrolsonthepage.
ASP.NEToffersdistributedstatefacilities,whichenableyoutomanagestateinformationacrossmultipleinstancesofthesameapplicationononecomputeroronseveralcomputers.
ASP.NETapplicationsuseaconfigurationsystemthatenablesyoutodefineconfigurationsettingsforyourWebserver,foraWebsite,orforindividualapplications.YoucanmakeconfigurationsettingsatthetimeyourASP.NETapplicationsaredeployedandcanaddorreviseconfigurationsettingsatanytimewithminimalimpactonoperationalWebapplicationsandservers.ASP.NETconfigurationsettingsarestoredinXML-basedfiles.BecausetheseXMLfilesareASCIItextfiles,itissimpletomakeconfigurationchangestoyourWebapplications.Youcanextendtheconfigurationschemetosuityourrequirements.
ASP.NETincludesfeaturesthatenableyoutomonitorhealthandperformanceofyourASP.NETapplication.ASP.NEThealthmonitoringenablesreportingofkeyeventsthatprovideinformationaboutthehealthofanapplicationandabouterrorconditions.Theseeventsshowacombinationofdiagnosticsandmonitoringcharacteristicsandofferahighdegreeofflexibilityintermsofwhatisloggedandhowitislogged.
ASP.NETsupportstwogroupsofperformancecountersaccessibletoyourapplications:
·TheASP.NETsystemperformancecountergroup
·TheASP.NETapplicationperformancecountergroup
ASP.NETtakesadvantageoftherun-timedebugginginfrastructuretoprovidecross-languageandcross-computerdebuggingsupport.Youcandebugbothmanagedandunmanagedobjects,aswellasalllanguagessupportedbythecommonlanguageruntimeandscriptlanguages.
Inaddition,theASP.NETpageframeworkprovidesatracemodethatenablesyoutoinsertinstrumentationmessagesintoyourASP.NETWebpages.
ASP.NETsupportsXMLWebservices.AnXMLWebserviceisacomponentcontainingbusinessfunctionalitythatenablesapplicationstoexchangeinformationacrossfirewallsusingstandardslikeHTTPandXMLmessaging.XMLWebservicesarenottiedtoaparticularcomponenttechnologyorobject-callingconvention.Asaresult,programswritteninanylanguage,usinganycomponentmodel,andrunningonanyoperatingsystemcanaccessXMLWebservices.
ASP.NETincludesanextensiblehostingenvironmentthatcontrolsthelifecycleofanapplicationfromwhenauserfirstaccessesaresource（suchasapage）intheapplicationtothepointatwhichtheapplicationisshutdown.WhileASP.NETreliesonaWebserver（IIS）asanapplicationhost,ASP.NETprovidesmuchofthehostingfunctionalityitself.ThearchitectureofASP.NETenablesyoutorespondtoapplicationeventsandcreatecustomHTTPhandlersandHTTPmodules.
ASP.NETincludesenhancedsupportforcreatingdesignersforWebservercontrolsforusewithavisualdesigntoolsuchasVisualStudio.Designersenableyoutobuildadesign-timeuserinterfaceforacontrol,sothatdeveloperscanconfigureyourcontrol'spropertiesandcontentinthevisualdesigntool.
IntroductiontotheC#Languageandthe.NETFramework C#isanelegantandtype-safeobject-orientedlanguagethatenablesdeveloperstobuildawiderangeofsecureandrobustapplicationsthatrunonthe.NETFramework.YoucanuseC#tocreatetraditionalWindowsclientapplications,XMLWebservices,distributedcomponents,client-serverapplications,databaseapplications,andmuch,muchmore.MicrosoftVisualC#2005providesanadvancedcodeeditor,convenientuserinterfacedesigners,integrateddebugger,andmanyothertoolstofacilitaterapidapplicationdevelopmentbasedonversion2.0oftheC#languageandthe.NETFramework.
Note
TheVisualC#documentationassumesthatyouhaveanunderstandingofbasicprogrammingconcepts.Ifyouareacompletebeginner,youmightwanttoexploreVisualC#ExpressEdition,whichisavailableontheWeb.YoucanalsotakeadvantageofanyofseveralexcellentbooksandWebresourcesonC#tolearnpracticalprogrammingskills.
C#syntaxishighlyexpressive,yetwithlessthan90keywords,itisalsosimpleandeasytolearn.Thecurly-bracesyntaxofC#willbeinstantlyrecognizabletoanyonefamiliarwithC,C++orJava.DeveloperswhoknowanyoftheselanguagesaretypicallyabletobeginworkingproductivelyinC#withinaveryshorttime.C#syntaxsimplifiesmanyofthecomplexitiesofC++whileprovidingpowerfulfeaturessuchasnullablevaluetypes,enumerations,delegates,anonymousmethodsanddirectmemoryaccess,whicharenotfoundinJava.C#alsosupportsgenericmethodsandtypes,whichprovideincreasedtypesafetyandperformance,anditerators,whichenableimplementersofcollectionclassestodefinecustomiterationbehaviorsthataresimpletousebyclientcode.
Asanobject-orientedlanguage,C#supportsth
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