外文翻译鞋楦扫描机的控制系统的开发Word格式文档下载.docx

外文翻译鞋楦扫描机的控制系统的开发Word格式文档下载.docx

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slargestfootwearproducerandexporter.Therapiddevelopmentofthefootwearindustrywasdrivenbytheshoelastindustry,moreandmoreshoestyles,andalsorequiresconstantrenovationshoelast,whichledtotheshoelastfromdurablegoodsbecomeconsumables.Mechanicalshoelastcopyingmachineisusedforprocessingprinciple,itimplementstheshoelastoftheproductionprocess,bringingtheshoelast,therapiddevelopmentofindustry.Butmechanicalshoelastmachinealsohasitsinevitabledrawbacks:

First,fromtheproductperspective,itprocessedbytheuppersidesoftheshoelast,themoreobviousWeijidaolongitudinalmarks,shoelastverysmooth,asthisrequestincreasingtheshoe-makingindustry,itisunabletomeettherequirementsofSecondly,mechanicalmachinesintheshoelastofshoelastzoom,manualadjustmentoftheworkforcetousetheirexperiencemachines,whichrequireworkersrelativelyhigh;

again,andmostimportant,thetraditionalprocessingmethodsunabletoestablishworkpiecesizeofthedocument,theycannotdoanythingtomodifytheshape.

1引言

在全球制鞋业中，中国制鞋业可谓异军突起。

短短的十多年，中国一跃升为全球最大的鞋类生产国和出口国。

制鞋业的迅猛发展也带动了鞋楦业，鞋子的样式越来越多，就要求鞋楦也要不断翻新，这促成了鞋楦从耐用品变成易耗品。

机械鞋楦机采用的是仿形加工的原理，它实现了鞋楦加工的批量生产，带来了鞋楦业的飞速发展。

但是机械鞋楦机也有其不可避免的缺点：

首先，从产品角度来讲，它加工出来的鞋楦的鞋帮两侧，总有几道较明显的纵痕，鞋楦很不光滑，这对于要求越来越高的制鞋业来说，是不能满足要求的；

其次，机械鞋楦机在实现鞋楦的缩放时，需要工人凭经验手工调整机器，这对工人要求比较高；

再次，也是最重要的，传统的加工方法无法建立工件尺寸的文件，也无法做任何的外形修改。

2NC-shoelasttwofiguresofreverseengineeringsystem

LastCNCmachinecanbeavoidedmechanicalshoelastmachineshortcomings.CNCmachineusingdigitalshoelastofthereverseengineeringsystem,thedigitalsysteminthereverseengineeringoftheshoelastmodel3Dscanning,arethree-dimensionalmodelofdatafiles,byaddressingdatafile（suchasdealingwithasmoothsurface,interpolationprocessing,etc.）Implementationoftheshoelastscalablemodel,andchangetheshoelastmachinedsurfaceofthehelixpitch,therebyimprovingthequalityofsurfacemachining.Atthesametime,thedatafilescanbestoredincomputermayneedtotuneoutthesametypeofshoelastonlyonescan,managementisveryconvenient.Clearly,thenumberofsuchreverseengineeringsystemtomeetmodernshoelastisthedevelopmentoftheindustry.NC-figureshoelastreverseengineeringflowchartinFigure1below:

Figure1NCshoelastforthenumberofreverseengineeringflowchart

LastabroadNCmachinehasbeenverywellsofar,inthepracticalapplicationhasbeengreatlyaffirmed.OurdomesticDuetovariousreasons,alatestart,theauthorofthereferencelaboratoryinforeignmachineryunderthepremiseofthepracticalapplicationasthemainpurposeofNCMachineforshoelastfordomesticenterprisesintheareatoprovidesomereference.LastoftheNCmachinescomposedoftwoparts,partscanner,beitbyscanningtheshoelastthree-dimensionaldata,andtheotherpartiscarvedLastmachine,whichusesathree-dimensionalscandataprocessingbytheshoelast.Thispapermainlydiscussestheshoelastscanmachinecontrolsystemdesign,onlybyscanningthedatafilesaccurately,toensureprocessingbythequalityoftheshoelast,shoelastscanmachineofshoelastisthebasisandpremiseforprocessing.

2数控鞋楦机的数字化逆向工程系统

数控鞋楦机可以避免机械鞋楦机的缺点。

数控鞋楦机采用数字化的逆向工程系统，数字化的逆向工程系统在对鞋楦模型进行三维扫描后，得到模型的三维数据文件，通过处理数据文件（如表面光滑处理，插值处理等），实现对鞋楦模型的缩放，并能改变鞋楦加工表面的螺旋线的螺距，从而改善加工表面的质量。

同时，所得数据文件可以存入电脑，需要时可再调出来，同一类型的鞋楦只需扫描一次，管理非常方便。

显然，这样的数字化逆向工程系统才是满足现代鞋楦业的发展的。

数控鞋楦机的数字逆向工程流程图如图1所示：

图1数控鞋楦机的数字逆向工程流程图

国外的数控鞋楦机到目前为止已经非常完善了，在实际应用中也得到极大肯定。

我们国内由于种种原因，起步较晚，所以笔者所在实验室在参考国外机器的前提下，以实际应用作为主要目的，进行数控鞋楦机的研制，为国内在该领域的企业提供一些参考。

该数控鞋楦机有两部分组成，一部分是扫描机，它通过扫描得到鞋楦的三维数据，另一部分是刻楦机，它利用扫描得到的三维数据加工出鞋楦。

本文主要讨论鞋楦扫描机的控制系统设计，只有扫描得到的数据文件准确，才能保证加工出来的鞋楦的质量，因此鞋楦扫描机是实现鞋楦加工的基础和前提。

3shoelastscannersscanPrinciple

First,abriefintroductiontotheshoelastscannerscanningprinciple,asshowninFigure2.

Figure2shoelastscannersscanschematic

Asshownbelow,drivenshoelastX-axisofrotation,Y-axisisatthecentershoelast,intheZ-axislengthshoelastmove,thatis,thedirectionofmobilescanninground.Lastscannerusingcontactmeasurement,measurementtoolsusedforscanninground,itinstalledintheY-axisdirection,scanningroundrelyontheshoelast,behindbythepumpwithstand,scanningroundofthecampaignwiththeshoesbeforeandaftermoving,behindthewheelgratingscanningdevicedataacquisitionshoelast.

3鞋楦扫描机的扫描原理

首先，简要介绍一下鞋楦扫描机的扫描原理，如下图2所示。

图2鞋楦扫描机的扫描原理图

如上图所示，X轴带动鞋楦的自转，Y轴为指向鞋楦中心线，Z轴在鞋楦长度方向移动，即扫描轮移动的方向。

鞋楦扫描机采用接触式测量方式，所用测量工具为扫描轮，它安装在Y轴方向，扫描轮靠在鞋楦上，其后面由气泵顶着，扫描轮随着鞋子的运动而前后移动，扫描轮后面的光栅尺采集鞋楦数据。

4shoelastscanmachinecontrolsystemoutlined

LastscannerusingPCasaPC,usingtheobject-orientedlanguageVC++softwaredesign,development,throughtheMotionControlCarddrivesystemandthree-axiscollectionofdatabyscanningdatafiles,foruseinprocessing.PCoperatingasascannerinterface,completedataanalysis,processingandtheimplementationofthecontrol,andothertasks.MotionControlCardasacontrolcenter,sendingandreceivingcompletepulse.Acceptboardsentservomotorpulse,driveshaftvariouscampaignsAtthesametime,servomotorencoderfeedbacktothemotioncontrol.DiagramofthecontrolsystemareshowninFigure3.

Figure3diagramofthecontrolsystem

BelowareintroducedMotionControlCard,servomotorandopticalgratingchoiceandcontrol.

4鞋楦扫描机的控制系统概述

鞋楦扫描机采用PC机作为上位机，利用面向对象的语言VC＋＋进行软件设计、开发，通过运动控制卡驱动系统并采集三根轴的数据，得到扫描数据文件，以用于加工。

上位机作为扫描机的操作界面，完成数据分析、处理以及对执行机构的控制等任务。

运动控制卡作为控制核心，完成发送及接收脉冲。

伺服电机接受板卡发送的脉冲，驱动各个轴运动，同时，伺服电机编码器反馈给运动控制。

整个控制系统简图如下图3所示。

图3控制系统总框图

下面主要介绍运动控制卡，伺服电机以及光栅尺的选择及控制。

4.1MotionControlCardchoiceandcontrol

Inthescanningsystem,theMotionControlCardisthecoreofthewholesystem,chooseasuitablemotioncontrolcardisveryimportant.

Inthescanningprocess,themotioncontrolcardandtheneedtocontroltheX-axisZ-axisservomotors,motioncontrolcardnotonlytosendpulsestothemotordrives,servomotoratthesametimeacceptencoderfeedbackpulses.MotionControlCardalsoacceptedopticalgratingfeedbacksignal.Becauseitiscollectingshoelastthree-dimensionaldata,themoreintensivesamplingandprocessingtheproductsmoresmooth.Inthissystem,settingshoelastlaptotheneedsofhundredsofpointsampling,theMotionControlCardDriveroutputpulserequirementisrelativelyhigh,theencoderinputfrequencyofacertainrequest,afewrequirementstriaxialcontrolaxis.Amixofdifferentproperties,aswellaseconomic,aswellastheirchoiceofShenzhenCompany,themineDMC3000seriesMotionControlCard.

MotionControlofthesystemisbasedonthePCIbuscard,high-performancemotioncontrolcardcancontrolupto4-axisstepperorservomotor.Thisseriesofplug-and-playwithamaximumpulsefrequencyof4MHz,theS-curvedampingfunction,encoderfeedback,andadvancedfeaturessuchasvariablespeedatanytime.

MotionControlCardoftheaxisofeachofthetwosignaloutputscanbeusedtoPULandDIRoutputpulseanddirectionsignal,whichcanbeoutputfromthetwoproceduresaresettopulse-pulse+（double-pulse）+pulsemodeordirectionmode（singlepulse）.Thesystemusespulse+directionform,andsetthepulseforthedifferentialoutput,inthedifferentialoutputmode,asignalcanbedividedintoadifferentbadsignal.Theuseofdifferentialoutputcanbeaneffectivewaytoreducetransmissioninterference,andimprovereliability.X-axisandtheZ-axisservomotordrivefromtheMotionControlCardtoreceivethesignalpulseanddirection.

TheMotionControlCardmaysimultaneouslycontrolfour-axis,theaxisofeachhavethreepairsofdifferentialphaseA,BandZoftheinputsignal,EAandEBsignalusedforposition,thesignalfortheoriginEZindexsignal.Eachaxishasaswitchingsignaloriginthroughthemechanicaloriginofthesignalinputshafttofindtheoriginalpointoforigincanbesetthroughthesoftwareswitch-mode.EachaxishastwolocationsspacingsignalEL+（positivespacing）andEL-（reverseLimit）,thelimitsetbyswitch-modesoftware.Inthissystem,theX-axisandtheZ-axisservomotorfeedbackencoderpulsesignalhaveaccessMotionControlCard.Sincetheinitialmovementofeachaxisthereisastartbit,itwasnecessarytosignaltotheoriginalpoint,thesearchsoftwaretodeterminetheoriginsignalthestartbit.Xaxisrotationdirection,donotlimitprosandcons,usingonlyasignalorigin.ApartfromtheZ-axisoriginsignal,butalsolimitaccessplusorminustwopositionsignalsfromthetwolimitprotection.Iuniversaldigitalinputandoutputcanalsobeusedtoaccesssomeoftheswitchsignal.

Thesinglecampaign,accordingtocampaign-distance,themotioncontrolcard,themodeofoperationandcontinuousoperationmode.Accordingtothevelocity,thetrapezoidalmotioncontrolcardthatrunsatS-curvepatternandoperationmode.S-curvemodelusedtorunashaftthatrunsattheS-curvedesignatedpulsenumberofS-curvemodelcanberuneffectivelyandtoimproveaccelerationanddecelerationeliminatethevibration,sothatmovementisverysmooth.Figure4showsthefollowing:

Figure4S-curvevelocityandacceleration

SinceScurveinatrapezoidalmoderunsatthemeritsofthissystemareusedintheoperationmodeS-curve.Beforethestartofthescan,inordertomeasurethefloorstraightshoelastlongerneedtoshoelastturncertainangle,andthen