山西省临汾第一中学学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题.docx

山西省临汾第一中学学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题.docx

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山西省临汾第一中学学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

山西省临汾第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期期中考试

英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

A

Reusablestrawwithcleaner&case

Thisstainlesssteelstrawisagoodproducttoreplacesingle-usestraws.Thestrawfoldsintofour,meaningyoucancarryitinyourpocket.It’salsoeasytoclean,thankstothesuppliedbrush.Youcangetitnowforjust$24.99,that’s50%off.

AduroHomedomeSmartOutlet（插座）

Thisnewproductfitsinanyoutletandallowsyoutocontrolthepowersupplythroughyourphone.Thismeansyoucancutyourenergyuse,fromlightstoheaters.TheAduroisnow60%offatjust$19.99.

OmegaAXLInklessPen

Millionsofballpointsaremadeandthrownawayeachyear.TheOmegaAXLisagreenreplacement---thisamazingpenputsdownperfectlinesusingaspecialkindofaluminium.Itneverrunsoutandyourdrawingswillalwaysstayclearandtidy.Worth$39.99,theOmegapenisnowdiscountedto$29.99.

Altgalleychopsticks

Disposablechopsticksareanotherexampleofunnecessarywaste.TheAltgalleychopsticksarebetterfortheplanet,andtheywon’taffectthetasteofyourdish.Inaddition,theyarespeciallydesignedsotheywillstandupright.Thismakessurethatthechopsticksstayclearofrestaurant-tabledirt.Youcangetapairnowfor$11.99,saving33percentontheusualprice.

1.Whichproductoffersthehighestdiscount?

A.Reusablestraw.B.Altgalleychopsticks.

C.OmegaAXLInklessPen.D.AduroHomeDomeSmartOutlet.

2.WhatdoweknowabouttheOmegaAXLInklessPen?

A.Itcanbeusedforaverylongtime.B.Itisakindofballpointpen.

C.Itcanbeeasilyerased.D.Itcanstandupright.

3.Whatdothefourproductshaveincommon?

A.Theycanbeconnectedtosmartphones.

B.Theyarewidelypopularwithfamilies.

C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Theyareeasytocarryandclean.

B

Simpsonis53,“notsporty”andhassufferedfromasthmaallherlife.TwoyearsagohersonJay,now10,tookupBMX（自行车越野赛）.“IenjoyedwatchinghimandthoughtI’dliketotryit,”Simpsonrecalls.“ButIdidn’twanttoembarrassmyself.Ihadn’triddenforover40years.”

ThenshenoticedasessionforwomenandgirlsatBurgessParkBMXTrackinPeckham,south-eastLondon,whereJaytrained.ThisseasonSimpsonracedattheLondonBMXseriesandfinishedthirdinhercategory.

“Itwasthemostworryingexperienceofmylife.Butitwasalsoexhilarating,”shesayscheerfully.“Mysonisproudofme.Wenowsharearealloveforthesport.Ithasbroughtusclosertogether.”

SincebecomingpartoftheOlympicGamesin2008,thepopularityofBMXhasrisen.AprogramintroducedinLondonin2011bythesportsdevelopmentcharityAccessSporthasseentracksbuiltinseveralLondonregions,backedupwithinvestmentincoaching,andtheprogramisbeingrolledouttoBristol.

Wright’schildrenSkye,11andXander,10aresponsoredriderswhohaverepresentedGreatBritainineveryworldchampionshipsince2014.WrightsaysshewasmotivatedtostartBMXherselfoutofaninterestarousedbywatchingsomuchofit.“It’saneye-openertoshareyourchildren’sinterests,”sheexplains.“Youcomprehendwhattheygothroughinamuchmoredirectway.Itaddsanotherdimensiontoyourrelationship.”

Itisalsoahigh-impactsportandtherisksarefairlyobvious.“Itotallygetthefear,”saysEmma,51,aBMXexercisecoachandcyclinginstructor.“It’sthefearofdoingsomethingnew,ofgettinghurt.ButIsay‘Comeandgiveitatry.’Thechanceofhavinganaccidentisslim,andyoucanspendtimeontheflattoimproveyourconfidence.”

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSimpsonfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Shetendedtobeinactive.

B.Sheperformedpoorlyintherace.

C.Sheusedtofeelawkwardinpublic.

D.ShetrainedatBurgessParkBMXTrack.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilarating”inParagraph3mean?

A.Annoying.B.Convincing.C.Thrilling.D.Challenging.

6.WhatbenefitdidSimpsonandWrightgetfromBMX?

A.Morelifeskills.

B.Strongerwill.

C.Moreconfidenceinthemselves.

D.Betterparent-childrelationship.

7.WhatdoesEmmathinkofBMX?

A.Riskybutactuallysecure.B.Demandingbutopentoall.

C.Competitivebutinstructive.D.Pleasantbuttime-consuming.

C

Fashionshavealotofrules.Mostofthem,however,arejustwrong.Butthere’sonerulethatgoesbeyondtraditionandintothefieldofscientificstudyofthebrain:

Blackclothesareslimming.Itallcomesdowntohowyourvisualsystemprocessesthelight.Thebelowholesineachsquarearethesameinsize,yetthewhiteholelooksbiggerthantheblackhole.

Inthe1500s,GalileoGalileinoticedthatsomeoftheplanetslookedlargerwhenviewedwiththenakedeyethantheydidwhenviewedthroughatelescope,makingthewhitelightofVenusappeareighttotentimeslargerthanJupiterinthenightsky.Heknewsomethingstrangemustbegoingonwithhisvisiontocausethisillusion,buthewasn’tsurewhatitwas.Luckily,scientistsneverstoppedwondering,andin2014,theyfigureditout.

Ourvisualsystemoperatesviatwomainchannels:

“on”neurons（神经元）thataresensitivetolightthingsand“off”neuronsthataresensitivetodarkthings.Whenitcametothedark“off”neurons,theresearchersfoundthattheyrespondedpredictablytodarkshapesonalightbackgroundthegreaterthecontrastbetweenthetwo,themoreactivetheseneuronswere.Butthelightonneuronsbehavedunpredictably.Evenwiththesameamountofcontrast,lightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcausedagreaterresponseintheseneurons.

Thisphenomenonmakessomesense,evolutionarilyspeaking.Inthedarkofnight,you’dwanttobeabletotakeineverybitoflightyoucanget,soavisualsystemthatenlargeslightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcouldbeveryuseful.However,it’snotthathardtoseedarkobjectsinthelightofday.Ithassomeeffectsinthecolorsofyourclothesandintheappearanceoftheplanets—thebrighterappearanceofVenusinthenightskymakesitlookbiggerthanthedarkerJupiter.

8.WhichofthefollowingmightGalileoGalileiagreewith?

A.Theneuronsledtothedifference.

B.Therewassomethingwrongwithhistelescope.

C.Thedifferencewascausedbyhisvisualillusion.

D.Thingswerebiggerwhenseenthroughtelescopes.

9.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“off”neurons?

A.Theyaresensitivetolightobjects.

B.Theirbehaviorcan’tbepredicted.

C.Theybehavedifferentlyfrompersontoperson.

D.Theiractivenessimproveswiththecontrastofcolors.

10.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thephenomenonmakespeoplefeelpuzzled.

B.Peoplemanagetotakeineverybitoflightinthedark.

C.Thephenomenonisbeneficialtopeople’sevolution.

D.Darkobjectsbecomesmallerinthelightofday.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Whatvisualillusionsbringtopeople

B.Whywelookthinnerwheninblack

C.Howweareaffectedbythefashionrules

D.Whetherpeople’svisualsystemisdifferent

D

Ifyou’vebeeninpublicinthepastyearorso,chancesareyou’venoticedsomeonebreakingdiningetiquette（礼仪）thatwouldseemsecond-naturetoanyadult.Whydoesourdiningetiquetteseemtobeatanall-timelowrightnow.

“Overall,thereismuchlessfeelingaboutthecommongood,whichmeanscaringaboutyourneighbor---whetherathomeorinarestaurant,”saidSteven,whowritesarticlesforUSAToday.

Taketheuseofcellphoneatthetableforexample.Whilea2015surveybythePewResearchCenterfoundthat38percentofthosesurveyedthoughtitwasacceptabletousetheirphoneswhilediningout,theincreasingnumberofcellphonebansinrestaurantshowsthatrestaurantsaren’tputtingupwithit.

However,somelookonthegrowinguseofcellphonesasasignthatmannerschangealongsideoursociety.

“Mannerschange,”saidthewriterbehindafoodsiteTheTakeout.“Whatweconsiderimproperisn’tsetinstone.”Shepointsouttheother“rules”thathavesincebecomeoutdatednowadays,likesaying“Sir”and“Ma’am,”asproofofthischange.

Yes,traditionalmannersareyetanotherthingbeingredefinedbyyouth.“Youngerpeoplearegrowingupinaworldwithmoreflexiblerules,andthisspreadstothediningtable,”saidDanielLevine,directorofglobaltrendsconsultancyTheAvant-GuideInstitute.

Whetheryoupreferhigh-endrestaurantsorafast-casualmeal,thebiggestreasonbehindthedeclineofmannersmayjustbeanumbersgame.

“Ibelieveitismorelikelyforpeopletobreakdining‘rules’becausetheygooutandeatmoreoften,”saidDianeGottsman,ownerofTheProtocolSchoolofTexas.“Yearsago,peoplestayedhomeandsataroundthefamilytable.Today,therearemorepeopleintheworkforce,whichmakesitmoreaffordableforsocializingandeatingout.Withnewchancecomesthepossibilityformorediningproblems.”

12.Whatdidthe2015surveyfind?

A.Manypeopleacceptedusingphonesatthetable.

B.Cellphoneswerebannedinmoreandmorerestaurants.

C.Mostofthesurveyedpeopleusedphoneswhileeatingout.

D.Fewrestaurantstookpositionsonusingphoneswhileeating.

13.Whywastheexampleof“Sir”and“Ma’am”mentioned?

A.Toshowmodernpeoplearebecomingimpolite.

B.Toexplaindiningrulesinhigh-endrestaurants.

C.Toprovediningetiquettechangesthroughtime.

D.Toargueyoungpeoplearemakingdiningrulestoday.

14.AccordingtoDianeGottsman,peopleforgettheirdiningmannersmoreoftenbecause_________.

A.theythinktheyareunimportant.

B.theygrewupwithflexiblerules.

C.theyhavemorechancestoeatout.

D.theymusthurrymealstogetbacktowork.

15.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Tointroducechangesindining