科普知识等说明文阅读Word文档格式.docx

科普知识等说明文阅读Word文档格式.docx

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3、由于这类文体在阅读理解测试中主要考查细节性和事实性的题目。

所以往往可从文章表面即只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实，就可以解答出来，甚至有的可以从文章的原句中就直接可以找到答案。

它往往不需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，或者要联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音和文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。

4、由于科普文生词比较多，所以要学会猜测词意。

1）利用上下文猜测词义：

在阅读中我们可以利用熟悉的词所创设的上下文语境，来猜测生词词义。

2）根据下定义或解释猜测词义。

3）利用同义词或反义词猜测词义。

4）利用所举示例猜测词义（标志：

forexample，suchas等词语）。

5）利用生活常识猜测词义。

6）根据构词法猜测词义。

5、“头脑风暴”在科普阅读中的运用。

“头脑风暴”：

在拿到阅读材料大致了解文章内容后马上在自己的脑子里把与这方面有关的信息提取出来，进行相关情节及事件的联想，使大脑里即刻充满有关文章内容的信息，这非常有助于加深对文章的理解。

四、解题步骤：

在科普阅读中我们比较多采用“先题后文”的解题步骤。

1、读题：

先读材料后的测试题目。

但只能是读其问题或题干，而没有必要读问题后的选项，因为读了你也记不住，还可能干扰你的阅读。

2、记题：

在读了题之后，要把这些问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读文章，这是要经过反复的训练才能形成的能力。

3、读文：

即带着问题读文章。

阅读时对文章中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，可以用一支铅笔在文章中作些记号，比如这句与第2题有关，你可以给它下划线并写上2，以便为选择及检查验证时作好准备，节省时间提高效率。

4、答题

5、验证：

再看看文章中自己做了记号的与题目相关的句子或词语，确保自己的答案是对的。

PartII、例题解题精讲：

Passage1

一、先读题目并记住题目：

（）1.WhatisNottrueaboutamuseum?

A.It’sagoodplacetodosomeshopping.B.It’sagoodplacetolearnaboutart.

C.Peoplecanlearnaboutsciencethere.

D.Peoplecanlearnaboutthehistoryofaplacethere.

（）2.PeoplecanNot__________inamuseum.

A.seemoviesB.listentotalksC.makethingsD.playwithbears

（）3.InIndianapolis.

A.thereisonlyonemuseumforchildrenB.museumsareallthesame

C.it’sfreeforchildrentovisitthechildren’smuseum

D.peopledonothavetopaytovisitthechildren’smuseum

（）4.Inthechildren’smuseuminIndianapolis,childrenliketosee___________.

A.thedinosaurbonesB.alloldbonesC.oldstreetsD.airplanes

（）5.Themainideaofthepassageisthat____________.

A.thereareallkindsofmuseumsB.childrenlikemuseums

C.animalsandtreesarefoundinmuseums

D.oldcarsandairplanesarekeptinmuseums

二、阅读文章内容并带着问题在相关的句子下做记号：

Whatisamuseum?

Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.①Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscienceandaplacetofindoutaboutartorpeopleoranimals.

Whatisinsideamuseum?

Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues.（雕像）Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasarealoldstreetinside.Ithasshopsandpeople’sstatuesdoingbusiness.Itlookssorealthatonemightfeelthathewasbacktotheoldtime.

Manycitieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Children③donothavetopaytogetin.Childrenoftengotothemuseum.Theyliketolookat④thedinosaurbones.They②seeawhitebeartenfeettall.OnSaturdays,Indianapolischildrencan②heartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.They②seemovies.Theytakehikes.Theyevenlearnto②makethingsthere.

这是一篇有关博物馆的说明文，第一句话就说出了本文的主题是有关博物馆的。

所以我们可以马上在头脑里联想有关博物馆的各种信息，例如自己去过的博物观、它的种类和用途等。

读的时候我们发现标上①的句子与第1题有关，标上②的句子与第2题有关，标上③的句子与第3题有关，标上④的句子与第4题有关，我们做了这些标记是为了更快更准确地找到答案。

四、验证答案：

我们可以从做了标记的句子分别一一验证对应的题目，再次确定自己的答案是正确的。

而第5题考查的是概括性的题目，我们仔细分析选项B,C,D都比较片面的，可以排除。

Passage2

我们用同样的方法做这篇阅读理解：

（）1.Aplantgetsfoodfrom_______.

A.thesunB.itsleavesC.itsrootsD.theair

（）2.Whatdoesthegreencoloringusetomakethefoodforaplant?

A.Sunshine,water,airandroots.B.Air,sunshineandwater

C.Water,airandmeat.D.Water,sunshineandanimals.

（）3.Aplanthasverysmallholesinitsleavesfor_______tocomein.

A.airB.waterC.sunshineD.greencoloring

（）4.Aplantcanmakeitsfoodwhenitis_______.

A.cloudyB.rainyC.sunnyD.windy

（）5.Peoplewoulddiewithout_______.

A.animalsB.meatC.plantsD.leaves

Aplantmakesitsownfoodin①itsleaves.Watercomestoleavesthroughthetoots（根）.③Airgetsintotheleavesthroughverysmallholes.Thegreencoloring（绿色素）intheleavesuses②thewaterandairtomakethefoodfortheplant.Italsoneeds②sunshinebecauseaplantcanmakefoodonly④whenthesunisshining.

Animalsandpeoplecouldnotlive⑤withoutgreenplants.Theybotheatplants.Peopleandsomeanimalsalsoeatthemeatofsomeanimalsandtheseanimalseatplants.

PartIII、专题练习:

Passage3

Mails,games,music,news,chatrooms（聊天室）andshopping!

TheInternetispartofthewaywelivetoday.It’seasytogetontotheInternet.Theonlythingweneedtodoistouseamodemwhichisusedforconnectingacomputertoatelephoneline.TheInternetischangingandgrowingallthetime.MoreandmorepeoplehavecomputersandusetheInternet.UsingtheInternetmeanssurfingtheWorldWideWeb（That’sthe“www”youalwayshearabout.）TheWeb（网）haslargenumbersofwebsites（网站）init.Theyaretheplacesyougotogetinformationanddothings.

Wheredothesewebsitescomefrom?

Theyaremadebywebdesigners（设计师）.Whathappenswhenyouclickonawordorapicture?

Youaresenttoanotherpage.It’sallbecauseofthewebdesigner.Webdesignersdoalotofworkbyusingacomputerprogramming（程序编辑）language.

IsWebdesignallaboutcomputerprogramming?

No.It’saboutmakingsomethingnew.Webdesignersmustimaginealotwhentheyaremakingawebsite.Itmustlookgoodandbefuntouse.AbigpartofWebdesignisart.Theychoosethebestpicturesandcolorstomakethewebsitelookgood.Theyalsowritethethingsthatyouseeonthewebsite.Animportantpartoftheirjobistoshare（分享）ideaswiththewebsitemanagerabouthowtodesignthewebsitewell.

（）1．Thispassageismainly（主要的）about.

A．computerprogramminglanguageB．thewebdesigners’work

C．thewebsitemanager’sworkD．thewaytogetontotheInternet

（）2．MoreandmorepeopleareusingtheInternetbecauseit’s.

A．easyandusefulB．beautifulandfunny

C．colorfulandhopefulD．changingandgrowing

（）3．It’spossibleforustochangewebsitesbyjustaclickbecauseof.

A．themodern’shelpB．thetelephoneline’shelp

C．thewebdesigners’workD．thewebsitemanager’swork

（）4．Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.‘www’means“WorldWideWeb”.B.There’reafewwebsitesontheweb.

C.TheInternethaschangedpeople’slives.

D.WecandothingslikeshoppingontheInternet.

（）5．Thewebdesignersdoalotofworkexcept.

A．makingthewebsitesnewandbeautifulB．writingthingsontheInternet

C．doingthecomputerprogrammingD．followingthemanager’sideas

Passage4

Theunderseaworldisverybeautiful.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttodiveinthewatertofindthesecretthere.Scubadivingisanewsporttoday.Itcantakeyouintoawonderfulunderseaworld.

Youwillfindmanystrangeanimalsinthesea.Someareaslargeasaschoolbus.Manyseaanimalsgiveoutlightinthedarkandsomehavesharpteeth.

Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.

Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands.Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.However,youcan'

tdivetoodeep.Andyoumustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwater.

Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.It'

scold,andit'

sdark,too.Thedeeperitis,thelesssunlightthereis.Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisverydarkinthesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.Somehavebigeyes.Afewhaveeyesononeside.

Besides（除了）thecoldandthedarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger―otheranimals.

Animalseat!

Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someanimalseatmeat.Thismeanstheseseaanimalshavetwobigjobs.Theyneedtofindanimalsasfood,andtheyhavetotrynottobecomeotheranimals'

meal.

（）1.Whydopeoplewanttodiveinthesea?

Because______.

A.theywanttocatchfishB.theseaisdeep

C.theywanttofindthesecretsoftheunderseaworld

D.thereareallkindsofplantsinthesea

（）2.Inthedaytime,whenyoudiveinthesea,you______.

A.canseeeverythinggreenandblueB.can'

tbeindanger

C.cancatchnothingD.can’tseeanythingclearly

（）3.Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepsea?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

（）4.Whenyoudoscubadiving,youcan______.

A.stayindeepwaterforalongtimeB.divevery,verydeep

C.liveindeepwatereasilyD.divefreelywithoutanydangers

（）5.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?

A.Oneanimalfindssomethingtoeat,anditmaybeeatenbyothers.

B.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,manyanimalscanfindtheirwaybyhearingandfeeling.

C.Thedeepertheseais,thedarkerandcolderitis.

D.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,allanimalscanfindtheirwaybyseeing.

Passage5

KillerbeesstartedinBrazilin1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomakemorehoney（蜂蜜）.Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred（繁殖）andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn’twanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty—sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.

Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制）theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.

Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?

Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（叮）manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenon-stopfortwohours.Second,kille