雅思语法班讲义.docx

雅思语法班讲义.docx

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雅思语法班讲义

第一课时冠词

一.基础知识记忆.

1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式.

2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词（即物质名词或抽象名词）前面千万不要添加任何冠词.

3.固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白.

二.定冠词的使用.

1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前.

e.g.theChangjiangRiver

theEastLake/thePacificOcean

theUrals.

2.形容词same前.

3.序数词最高级前面.

4.byfar前置修饰比较级时.

e.g.Thisbookisbyfarthebetterthanthatone.

c.f.Thisbookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.

Thisbookisevenbetterthanthatone.

5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时.

e.g.Theolderofthetwobrothersismydesk-mate.

Whichisthebiggercountry,CanadaorAustralia?

Whichisbigger,CanadaorAustralia?

6.表示“越…越…”意义时.

e.g.Thesooner,thebetter.

7.句型“动作动词+sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中.

e.g.BobhitJohnonthehead.

Thegentlelightstruckthebabyintheface.

Thelittleboytooktheelephantbythenoseacrossthestreet.

8.发明的事物名称前（即invent之后的名词）或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前.

e.g.Bellisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.

Asweallknow,thetigerisindangerofdyingout.

9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.

e.g.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.

Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbytime.

InEngland,clothissoldbytheyardinsteadofbythemeter.

InEngland,clothissoldbylength.

10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.

e.g.therich

11.乐器名词前.

e.g.Ilikeplayingtheguitarandmysisterlikesplayingthepiano.

12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.

e.g.Thepeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwogreatcountries.

13.方位、方向名词前.

e.g.ChinaisintheeastofAsia,thelargestcontinentontheearth,andonthewestofthePacificOcean,thelargestoceanintheworld.

14.再次指代上文中已提过的名词前.

e.g.Iboughtapenyesterday.Thepenwriteswell.

15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.

e.g.Passmethebook,please.

16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.

e.g.TheChineselovepeace.

17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.

18.其后有某种修饰语（如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等）的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.

e.g.Thebookonthedeskismine.

19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.

e.g.Thehorseisausefulanimal.

20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.

e.g.IbegantolearntheFrenchlanguageintheUniversityofWuhaninthemonthofNovemberof1999.

21.与农历有关的节日名词前（即与festival连用时）.

e.g.ChildrenarealwayslookingforwardtotheSpringFestival.

22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.

e.g.Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasoverfifty,hebegantolearnRussian.

23.习惯用语中.（高考词汇）

e.g.attheageof,atthebeginningof,allovertheworld,allthebest,gotothecinema,makethebed,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,intheend,themoment,taketheplaceof,ontheradio,allthesame,bythesideof,bytheway,ontheway,inthehabitof,inthechargeof

三.a/an的使用.

1.表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.

e.g.Agoodbookcanenrichaperson.

2.表频率,表示“每……”、“每一……”意义时.

e.g.Peoplehavethreemealsaday.

3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.

e.g.Itgavemeasurprisetomeetyouhereagain.

Asateacher,hewasafailure.However,asaleader,hewasasuccess.

ComradeLeiFengledamiserablelifeduringhischildhood.

4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.

e.g.LiHaoisalivingLeiFenginourclass.

AMr.Smithwantstoseeyou.

5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a/an+序数词”结构.

e.g.Althoughhehasfailedsixtimes,hewouldliketohaveatryaseventhtime.

6.与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.

e.g.Yesterdaywasahappiestdayforme,forI’djustwonthefirstprize.

7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/an.a/an+比较级

e.g.____Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?

____Oh,I’veneverseenaworseone.

____HowdoyoulikeTom?

____I’mafraidthatnooneinmyclasshasaclevererbrainthanhe.

8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.

e.g.have/takealookat;goforawalk;cometoanend;cometoastop

9.当一日三餐名词（breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner）或其他一些名词如time,life,help,pleasure,world,part等被某一（些）形容词修饰了的时候.

e.g.adeliciousbreakfast/awonderfuldinner/agreathelp

10.固定短语结构中:

haveacold/stomachache,haveamatch,agreatnumberof,inaword,haveawordwith,makeapromise,inaminute,asamatteroffact,takeaseat.

【特别注意】

英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.

它们是advice,equipment,fun,furniture,information,news,luck,clothing,wealth.

四.零冠词.

1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.

e.g.Childrenareoftencomparedtoflowers.

Booksarestairsthathelppeoplemakeprogress.

2.复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.

e.g.Horsesareusefulanimals.

Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.

3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前．

e.g.Children’sDay/Teachers’Day/NationalDay/MayDay

4.表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前．

e.g.onSunday/inspring/inink

5.球类、棋类名词前.

e.g.playfootball/chess/basketball

6.介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.

e.g.bytrain/bytelephone/bymachine

7.泛指一日三餐名词前.

e.g.Afterbreakfast,wearetovisitMountainTaiandhavelunchthere.

8.官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.

e.g.Heismonitorofourclass.

LincolnwaselectedpresidentoftheU.S.

DongLi,capitalofDongfanghongII,isastrong-mindedman.

9.方位副词前.

e.g.JapanlieseastofChina.

10.“from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+（同样）名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.

e.g.fromareatoarea/arminarm/daybyday

11.man作“人类”讲时.

e.g.Mancanconquernature.

12.as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.

e.g.Heroasheis,heisstillmodest.

Childassheis,sheknowsalot.

13.turn后的单数名词作表语.

e.g.Shehasturneddoctor.

13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.

e.g.bytime/byweight/byarea/bylength

14.由地名构成的专有名词前.

e.g.WuhanUniversityisinWuhan.

15.单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.

16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.

e.g.Fatherandsonattendedthemeetingtogether.

Thetwowereliketeacherandstudent,thoughtheywerethesameage.

Husbandandwifesattogetherintheirhome.

17.固定短语结构中.

comeintouse/put…intopractice/outofquestion/outofthequestion/atpresent

1.Thesignreads“Incaseof___fire,breaktheglassandpush________redbutton.

A.×;aB.×;theC.the;theD.a;a

2.Jumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_____excitingexperience.

A.×;theB.×;anC.an;anD.the;the

3.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_____IQ.

A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest

4.Thewarmthof____sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.

A.×;×B.the;theC.the;×D.×;the

5.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith___animalsof___differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.

A.the;aB.×;aC.×;theD.the;the

A.6.Papermoneywasin___useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin____thirteencentury.the;B.the;theC.×;theD.×;×

7.----Haveyouseen___pen?

Ileftitherethismorning.

----Isit______blackone?

IthinkIsawitsomewhere.

A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

8.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.

A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the

9.______newsconferencedoesnotalwaysoffer______truthfulinformation.

A./;/B.The;/C.A;theD.A;/

10.Thoughtheyare_____peopleofdifferentsorts,theyalwaysbuydressesof_____style.

A./;theB.the;aC./;aD.the;the

11.Dolly______sheep,theworld’sfirstclonedanimal,wasgiven____shottoendherlifeonFeb.14becauseshewassufferingfromalungdiseasecommoninmucholdersheep.

A./;aB.the;aC.a;theD./;the

第二课时名词

一名词的分类

名词普通名词可数名词个体名词teacher,bus,…..

集体名词people，crew…..

不可数名词物质名词rice,air,water

抽象名词success,friendship

专有名词China,BillGates,theGreatWall,…

二专有名词

指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称

Eg:

Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYear’sDay

注意：

专有名词的第一个字母要大写

三普通名词

专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词，指作为个体而存在的人或东西。

可以指具体的人或物。

Eg:

aunts;apanda;apartments，也可指抽象东西。

Eg:

ayear;fairytales;adream

四集合名词

表示由个体组成的集体。

Eg:

army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public

集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。

一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。

Eg:

Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.

Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.

在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。

Eg:

Theaudiencewas（were）excitedbytheshow.

有少数集体名词通常用作单数。

Eg:

Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.

个别集体名词则多作复数看待。

Eg:

Thepolicearelookingforhim.

五物质名词:

指无法分为个体的东西。

Eg:

beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent（清洁剂）;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil

一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。

但有一些特殊情况：

1）有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”

Eg:

Twostrongblackcoffees,please.（两份）

2）个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。

Eg:

rains（雨季）snows（积雪）waters（海域）…

六:

表示一些抽象的概念。

Eg:

education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.

多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。

Eg:

He’slearningFrenchforfun.

Iwishyougoodluck.

有时也可以加冠词。

Heworkshardforthewelfareofthepoor.

1.Iwrotealettertoshowmy___ofhisthoughtfulness.A.achievementB.agreement

C.attentionD.appreciation

2.Weallknowthat___speaklouderthanwords.

A.movementsB.performances

C.operationsD.action

3.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.

A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence

4.Youwillfindthismapofgreat_____inhelpingyougetroundLondon.

A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness

5.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemy____ofliving.

A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion

6.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?

----_______.

A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’

C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s

7.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle_______.

A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest

8.____ofMrsWhite’scamebackhomeyesterday.ShehadbeenintheUnitedStatesforyears.

A.AdaughterB.Thedaughter

C.HerdaughterD.daughter

9.Hegainedhis____byprinting____offamouswriters.

A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works

10.Itwillbe____tojumpintothelaketohaveaswimonahotsummerday.

A.funB.afunC.funnyD.thefun

第三课时代词

一代词的分类

⏹人称代词I,you，she，him

⏹疑问代词