于君星的雅思英语语法讲义Word文档格式.doc

于君星的雅思英语语法讲义Word文档格式.doc

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主was/werenot…

主didn’t+v原…

主be+not+v-ing

主won’t/shallnot+v原

主is/arenotgoingto+v原

主Was/Werenotgoingto+v原

主would/shouldnot+v原+…/

疑问句式

Is/Are主+…?

Do/Does主+v原？

Was/were主…?

Did主+v原?

Be主v-ing+…？

Will/Shall主+v原？

Is/Are主+v原？

Would/Should主v原+…？

Was/were主goingto+v原？

意义

重复、习惯；

状态，客观；

频度，次数；

列车、航班

动作已经完成；

描述一系列动作；

过去习惯

将来计划、明确安排；

预测、尚未安排、可能；

考虑打算、事实预测

过去谈论将来

标志性的时间状语

频度副词：

always,often,rarely,usually,sometimes,seldom;

once/twice/three/four+次数；

everyevening/dayweek/month/year

yesterday;

lastnight/week/monthseason/year;

…ago;

justnow;

介词+过去的week/month/season/year/century

When,assoonas,after,before,until,aslongas;

tomorrow…;

next…;

in+表示将来的week/month/season/year…

thenext…

时态“三字经”：

现在时，并不难；

表重复，表习惯；

表状态，表客观；

有频度，有次数；

看主语，定单三。

（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行

进行

主is/are+v-ing

主was/were+v-ing

主will/shallbe+v-ing…

主would+v原…

主is/arenot+v-ing

主was/werenot+v-ing…

主won’tbe+v-ing…

主wouldn’t+v原/

Is/Are主+v-ing…?

Was/were主+v-ing…?

Will主be+v-ing…？

Would主+v原？

说话时正在发生的状态；

目前正在进行的工作

为过去某一动作提供场景

将来进行着的动作；

纯粹的将来计划或安排

过去谈论将来进行着的动作

now;

atthemoment,currently,presently,atpresent,thisweekmonth/year

when，while，as

bythistimetomorrow…

bythattime;

thenextday

（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成

完成

主has/have+v-ed…

主had+v-ed…

主willhave+v-ed…

主wouldhave+v-ed…

主has/havenotv-ed…

主hadnot+v-ed…

主+won’thave+v-ed

主wouldn’thave+v-ed…

Has/Have主+v-ed…?

Had主+v-ed…?

Will主have+v-ed？

Would主have+v-ed…?

过去动作持续到现在；

过去动作影响到现在

过去某时之前发生的动作

将来某时之前完成的动作

过去将来某时之前完成的动作

for+时间段，since+时间点;

Ever,never,just,already,yet;

before,tillnow,

when,assoonas,bythetime…,after;

nosooner…than…,hardly…when…

Before,by+固定时间;

in+某段时间

（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行

完成进行

主has/havebeen+v-ing…

主hadbeen+v-ing…

主willhavebeen+v-ing…

主wouldhave+been+v-ing…

主has/havenotbeen+v-ing…

主hadnotbeen+v-ing…

主+won’thavebeen+v-ing…

主wouldn’thavebeen+v-ing…

Has/Have主been+v-ing…?

Had主been+v-ing…?

Will主havebeen+v-ing…？

Would主havebeen+v-ing…?

某种状态或动作持续了多久

过去之前某一动作持续的长短或动作本身

将来某时之前某个动作或状态存在了多久

过去将来某时之前动作或状态存在了多久

for+时间段，since+时间点

for+时间段，since+时间点

bytheendof…

二、基本时态演练

Listeningtothefollowingconversation.

（一）TaskOne:

fillintheblanks.

1.Interviewer:

Yourname?

Peter:

Peter__________.

（1）

2.Interviewer:

________

（2）youworkor_________（3）youastudent?

I’mstudyingreallyhardformyexamsthismonth—I’mdoingmath’satuniversity—butIalso________（4）myparentsout.Theyowna_________（5）andI________（6）thereasawaiterintheevenings,soI____________（7）alotoffreetimeduringtheweek.

MymomisalwayssayingthatI_____________（8）enoughintherestaurant!

ButIdomanagetofindsomefreetimemostdays.

3.Interviewer:

Canyoulookatthe_____（9）andtellmewhetheryoudoanyofthesethingsandifso,how____（10）?

IlovemusicandI’mlearningtoplaythepiano.I______（11）reallyearlyandpracticeforanhourorsojustabouteveryday.Ialsoplaytheguitarinabandwithsomeotherfriends.Weusedtopracticetogetheratleast_____________（12）aweekbutthesedaysweonlymanagertomeetaboutonce__________________（13）.

4.Interviewer:

Whataboutthenextthingonthelist?

-_________________（14）?

Well,IusedtoplaythemallthetimebutnowI’mtoobusystudyingandI_______（15）missthematall.

5.Interviewer:

Doyouuseacomputerforotherthings?

IusetheInternetjustabout________（16）formystudies.AndIalsouseitto_____________（17）myfriendsandmyfamily.MycousinislivinginThailandatthemomentandhe_______（18）meregularemailstoletmeknowhowmuchfunhe’shaving!

He’salwaysvisitingexcitingplaces.

6.Interviewer:

Now,howabout_________________（19）?

Actually,IjoinedthelocalfootballteamwhenIwasatschoolandIstillplay_______________（20）providedIcangettotraining.ImuchpreferplayingfootballtowatchitonTV,thoughIdo______________（21）watchamatchifthere’sabigfinalorsomething.

7.Interviewer:

Whataboutgoingtowatchlivematches?

I’dlovetobeabletoaffordtogoeveryweekbecauseI____________（22）mylocalteam,butstudentsdon’t____________（23）havemuchmoney,youknow!

Icanrememberthe___________（24）Iwenttoalivematch.Oh,sorry,Icanseemyfriends—I____________（25）gonow!

（二）TaskTwo

Readthroughtheconversationandfindout:

1.Presentsimplesentences:

2.Presentcontinuous:

3.Pastsimplesentences:

三、时态改错

1.Peopleshouldactaccordingtowhattheyarebelieving.

2.Ingeneral,Ithinkourgovernmentspenttoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.

3.Nowadays,manypeopleinmycountryhavesenttheirchildrentosingle-sexschools.

4.Thesedays,moreandmorepeopletravelingtoverydistantplacesfortheirholidays.

5.Iamhopingitisnottoolatetosavetheenvironment.

6.Thefemalehenlayingonaverage5or6eggsperweek.

7.Youngerdriversismorelikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.

8.Mostdoctorsareagreeingthattheonlywaytoloseweightisbydoingmoreexercise.

第二讲语态

一、被动语态的形式

主am/is/are+v-ed…

主am/is/arebeing+v-ed…

主has/havebeen+v-ed…

主was/were+v-ed…

主was/werebeing+v-ed…

主hadbeen+v-ed…

主willbe+v-ed…

×

主willhavebeen+v-ed…

将来完成

主wouldbe+v-ed…

主wouldhavebeen+v-ed…

情态动词

主can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/must/haveto/oughtto+be+v-ed…

不定式

…tobe+v-ed…;

tohavebeen+v-ed

二、被动语态使用情景

（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式

1.Iagreewiththestatementthatthereshouldbenogovernmentrestrictiononcreativeartistswhoexpressthemselvesinthewaytheydoandthattheymustbegivenfreedomforthesame.（IELTS4,Band7,p167）

2.Thereisalmosteverythinggoodinwhatisgiventousthroughthemediaworldwhichismadeupofartists.（同上）

3.Inconclusion,Istronglyagreewiththatchildrenshouldbetaughttocooperateratherthancompete.（IELTS5,Band6,p167）

4.Itwasopenedintheyear1863,anditisalready140yearsold.（IELTS5,Band7,p168）

（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多

1.TheuseofelectricityinEnglandisindispensedwith.（IELTS4,Band6,p164）

2.DemandforelectricityinEnglandduringtypicaldaysinwinterandsummerisillustratedinthegraph.（同上）

3.TheuseofaverageEnglishhomeisshowninthepiechart.（同上）

（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面

1.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries.（IELTS5,modelanswer,p162）

2.Itcanbearguedthat…

Itisadvised/believed/universallyaccepted/generallyrecognizedthat…

Itissaid/reported/estimatedthat…

（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：

Alawwasintroducedtohelpprotectpeopleinthissituation.

（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：

Inthefactory,theshoesarecleanedandpackedintoboxesreadyforsale.

（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：

Alotofwastematerialscouldberecycledbylargemanufacturers.

三、剑指考试

1.Toenrichvocabulary,weshouldreadmoreauthenticmaterials.

可以改为：

（1）

（2）

（3）

2.Itisimportantfornationsallovertheworldtoworkhardtogethertocontroltheenvironmentalpollution.

3.Iamnotsurewhetherallthecollegegraduatescanfindjobsaftergraduation.

4.用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：

（1）Myhome_____________（locate）inthewesternpartofthecity.

（2）Thesefundscan_____________（give）tothepoorerpeopletohelpthem.

（3）We_____________（nottell）thattheruleshadchanged.

（4）Childrenneedto_____________（teach）thecorrectwaytobehaveinpublic.

5.句子改错：

（1）Thehousewassellforoveramilliondollars.

（2）Theclasshasallowedtoeatinthestaffdiningroomduringtherenovations.

（3）Thepotatoescarryalongaconveyorbelttoaroomwheretheywashandpeel.

（4）Theteachertoldtotakeherclassoutoftheschoolifthefirebellrang.

（5）Smokingdon’tallowinanypartoftheaeroplane.

（6）Themuseumwasbeingrenovatingwhenwewerethere,sowecouldnotvisitit.

（7）Busticketscanbuyatanynewsagents.

（8）Newemployeeshaveinstructednottooperatethephotocopieruntiltheyaretrained.

6.把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语

（1）Afactoryworkercheckseachboxforquality.

（2）Thegovernmentdoesnotpermitchildrenunder16towork.

（3）Thewashingmachineiswashingyourclothesatthemoment.

（4）Amechanicwillrepairyourcarthisafternoon.

（5）Theagenthassoldourhouseatlast.

（6）Somethingtorethebackofmycoat.

（7）Theemployerpayoffthestaffmoreforworkingattheweekend.

（8）Burningtiresgiveoffhighlytoxicchemicals.

第三讲虚拟语气

请欣赏下列一首诗歌：

Ifyouwereateardropinmyeye,

Forfearoflosingyou,Iwouldnevercry.

Andifthegoldensunshouldceasetoshineitslight,

Justonesmilefromyouwouldmakemywholeworldbright.

一、虚拟语气基本句型

虚拟时间

if从句谓语形式

主句谓语形式

与现在事实相反

did/were

would（should,could,might）do

与过去事实相反

haddone/hadbeen

would（should,could,might）havedone/been

与将来事实相反

did/wereto/should