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句子成分概述2
句子成分概述
一．句子的各个组成部分，叫句子成分。
英语的句子成分有：
主语，谓语，（连系动词），表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，状语，同位语。
句子成分一般由实词充当，即名词，代词，形容词，数词，动词，副词等。
虚词只起辅助作用，即冠词，介词，连词，情态动词，助动词等。
二．主语：
是说话人说明的对象，表示所说的是“谁”或“什么”
担任主语的有：
1．_____________.Workersbuildfactoriesandhouses.
2．_____________.ThisisthetallestbuildinginNewYork.
3．_____________.Sixandthreeisnine.
4．_____________.Thewoundisahero.
5．_____________.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotaneasyjob.
6．_____________.Readingnewspapersafterlunchishishabit.
7．____________________________________________________.
Whathesaidisright.Wherehelivesisstillunknown.
_______________hewantedtoseewasanendtoallarmiesoftheworld.
三．谓语
1．简单谓语：
Ihaveopenedthewindow.
2.动词性复合谓语
__________________________Shecanswimveryfast.
Hewasabletofinishtheworkintime.
____________________________I’mgoingtoseeafriendtomorrow.
3名词性复合谓语:
______________________
Itisafinedaytoday.Thefoodtastesdelicious.
四．表语表语放在连系动词后，和连系动词一起做谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，状态。
连系动词有：
.be（am,is,are,was,were,willbe,canbe,shouldbe,…）
Hisbrotherisanengineer.
.表示“似乎”：
seem/appearSheappears/seemsunhappytoday.
.表示“感觉”的感官动词：
sound,taste,feel,look,smell
Thesilkfeelssoftandsmooth.Helooksalittlenervous.
.表示“变化”的：
A:
become,turn,make（成为...）
Hebecameawriterlater.Hewillmakeagoodathlete.
B:
come,go
Hisanswercomesright.Themilkgoesbadeasilyinhotweather.
C:
get,grow,fall
Hegotlostwhentravelling.Yoursonhadgrownmuchtaller.
.表示“保持”的：
keep,remain,stay
Youshouldn’tkeepquietinadebate.Theshopstaysopentill9o’clock.
Aftertheseyears,heremainsunchangedinhischaracter.
.表示“证明是….”，“结果是….”：
prove,turnout
Thetheoryprovestoberight.Themeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.
担任表语的有：
1._______________Myfatherbecameapartymemberin1949.
2.________________Thepricesoundsreasonable.
3._________________Themeetingisover.
4.__________________Thesesweetsaremine,andthoseareyours.
5.__________________Sheisthirtybutlookstwenty.
6.__________________Theaddressisonapieceofpaper.
7.___________________Hisjobistodesignnewmachines.
8._______________Theproblemisfindinglandforthenewfactory.
9.__________________Hiscupisbroken.
10.__________________________________________________________
That’showtheyweredefeated.
Myonlyregretisthatit’squitealongwayfromallmyfriends.
Itwaswhattheyhadbeenworkingsohardtofind:
pureradium.
五．宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者。
可作宾语的有：
1．_______________Ilikethestoryverymuch.
2．_______________Wecaninvitethemtoourparty.
3．_______________Fiveplusthreeequalseight.
4．________________Theyarelearningtodriveacar.
5．________________Ipractisewritingnovelsafterclass.
6．________________Weshouldhealthewoundedandsavethedying.
7．_____________________________________________________
Ithink（that）heisright.
Theradiosaysthatitmaystopraininglater.
有些动词，可以有两个宾语，人作间接宾语，物作直接宾语，“人间物直”
eg.Give,bring,send,show,tell,teach,lend,pass…….
Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.
Myfathergavemeabicycleasthebirthdaypresent.
MyelderbrothertaughtmesomeChinesecharacters.
六．宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的，与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系。
可作宾补的有：
1．____________ThestudentsofClass1electedhimmonitor.
2．_____________Ifindtheproblemverydifficult.
3．_______________IfoundJimoutwhenIcalledathishouse.
4．__________________Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?
5．____________________Theymakethetanklookmuchprettier.
Theteacheraskedustofinishthehomeworkontime.
6．____________________Wecanseethebirdflyingalongtheriver.
7．_____________________WesawTomhitbyhisfatherjustnow.
七．主语补足语
一个句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。
PeopleelectedLincolnPresidentoftheUnitedStates.
_____________________________________________________________________
八．定语定语是修饰名词或代词的词。
分为前置定语和后置定语。
充当前置定语的有：
1．_________________Thisisagreenjeep.
2．_________________Hewasthinkingaboutamathproblem.
3．_______________Wearecleaningourclassroom.
4．_________________Therearefivepeopleintheclassroom.
5．__________________Weshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.
充当后置定语的是：
1．________________
Theclassmateshereareverykindtome.
Everynight,themanupstairscamebacklate.
Fillintheblankwiththegivenwordsabove.
2．___________________
Doyouknowthemanunderthetree?
Haveyougotanybooksaboutthemoonandthestars?
Thebooksonthedeskaretheteacher’s.
3．______________________
Ihavenothingtoeat,buthavemanythingstodo.
Shewasthefirstgirltocome.
Intheolddays,poorpeoplehadnoroomtolivein.
4．_____________________
TheboysittingatthedeskiscalledTom.
Theladytalkingwithourheadmasterishiswife.
5．___________________
Ihatetoreadtheletterswritteninpencil.
Therearemanyriverspollutedbythechemicalfactory.
6．_____________________
Theboywhoisstandingoverthereismybrother.
Wewillvisitthefactorywhichmakesminibusesandtrucks.
九．状语状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子的一种句子成分。
充当状语是：
1.________________________
Theyworkeddayandnight.Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.
2.________________________
Welikethispictureverymuch.ThedoctorlookedoverMrBrowncarefully.
3.________________________
ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.Toeveryone’ssurprise,MrKingrefused.
4._________________________
Myfatherwassurprisedtohearthenews.It’stoohottowearthecoat.
5.______________________
Theyenteredtheroom,talkingandlaughing.
Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.
6._______________________
Einsteinwalkedalongthestreet,lostinthought.
Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.
7.___________________________
Wasitsnowingwhenyouleftthecinema?
Manyofthestarscannotbeseenbecausetheyaretoofaraway.
状语按内容可分为：
时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方式，程度，让步，伴随状语.
1．_____________________
HecametoShanghailastmonth.Itoldhimallbeforeheaskedme.
2．________________________
Weateourpicnicunderabigtree.TheybuiltafactoryWherethereusedtobeahospital.
3．_______________________
Theycamelatebecauseoftherain.Theycamelatebecauseitrained.
4．_________________________Hestoppedtohavealook.
Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.
Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
5．_______________________IarrivedsolatethatIdidn’tcatchthebus.
6．______________________
Ican’tdoitwellwithoutyourhelp.I’llcometoseeyouifIhavetime.
7．________________________
MrSmithoftengoestoworkbybicycle.MrPattisrepliedwithalaugh.
8．________________________
Ireallyenjoyit.Thisproblemisdifficultenough.
9．_______________________
Theysucceededinspiteofalldifficulties.
Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworkingonthefarm.
10．_____________________
Shestoodthere,listeningtotheradio.
Heenteredtheroom,withabookunderhisarm.
11._____________________
Heusuallyeatsathome.Heisalwaysfondoftalking.
十．同位语
对句子某一成分作进一步解释，说明，而在语法结构上又属同等地位的句子成分，叫同位语。
同位语一般位于所修饰词之后。
关系紧密则不分开，反之，则要用冒号，逗号或破折号隔开。
可用作同位语的有：
1._____________
Hewasnottoosureabouttwothings----thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.
TheywereheldinGreece----thecountryinwhichthegameswereborn.
ManyEnglishpeoplehavethreenames:
afirstname,amiddlenameandthefamilyname.
2.______________
Theyarebothfine,too.
Wehadalovelyholiday,oneofthebestever.
Workingwiththefarmersisanunforgettableexperience,oneI’lltreasuredeepinmyheartforever.
3.__________________
Thesehandbooksareforyoufive.
Youtwoaretocometotheteachers’office.
4.________________
Hehadearnedenoughmoneytostarthisownbusiness-----offeringguideservicestotourists.
5.__________________IliveinthecityofNanjing.
7．________________________
Thesecoinswereusedforthenext2,000years,thatis,from221BCuntil1916.
8．________________________
Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.
Thereisapossibilitythathewillpassthedrivingtest.
十一独立成分:
插入语
Isay,let’sgooutforadrivenextSunday.
That’sthecheapestsuitwehave,I’mafraid.
Whatwasworse,thiswinewasnotatallsuitablefordrinkingwithameal.
句子成分概述（教师用）
一句子的各个组成部分，叫句子成分。
英语的句子成分有：
主语，谓语，（连系动词），表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，状语，同位语。
句子成分一般由实词充当，即名词，代词，形容词，数词，动词，副词等。
虚词只起辅助作用，即冠词，介词，连词，情态动词，助动词等。
二．主语：
是说话人说明的对象，表示所说的是“谁”或“什么”
担任主语的有：
名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，-ing动名词短语，主语从句。
1名词TheChinesePeopleisagreatpeople.
Workersbuildfactoriesandhouses.
2代词Sheisgettingmarriednextweek.
ThisisthetallestbuildinginNewYork.
Thathappenedtenyearsago.
3数词Sixandthreeisnine.
Mybrothergavemetwobooks.Thefirstwasanovel.
4名词化形容词
Thericharegettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorer.
Thewoundisahero.
5不定式TocreateCentralParkwasawonderfulidea.
Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnotaneasyjob.
Toimprovetheagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.
6动名词短语Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.
Readingnewspapersafterlunchishishabit.
FindingsomewheretoliveinNewYorkisabigproblem.
7主语从句Whathesaidisright.
Wherehelivesisstillunknown.
Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.
Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallarmiesoftheworld.
三．谓语
1．简单谓语Westudyhard.
Ihaveopenedthewindow.
Don’tdisturbher.Sheistryingtowritehercomposition.
2.动词性复合谓语
情态动词+实义动词WemustworkhardatEnglish.
Shecanswimveryfast.
Hewasabletofinishtheworkintime.
助动词+实义动词I’mgoingtoseeaf
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