1年英语四级考试真题与答案.docx

1年英语四级考试真题与答案.docx

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2013年最新英语四级考试真题与答案

　　PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）

　　Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

　　PassageOne

　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamountofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestionsmadebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthegreatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.

　　OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.Tichauer,themyograph（肌动记器）,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle.

　　Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerousfeaturesoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhichtobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.（olddesign）

　　Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiencyexpertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butitsvaluegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduseofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandinotherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavystressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,suchstresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.

　　Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfortraditionaltoolshaveprovedhispoint.

　　21.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtoolaccordingtothepassage?

　　A）Electronicinstrumentsandaregulartool.

　　B）Ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool.

　　C）Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guineapig”.

　　D）Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool.

　　22.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsandmusclesperformbestwhen__________________.

　　A）theyaretwistedandstretched

　　B）theyareintheirnormalpositions

　　C）theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”

　　D）theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments

　　23.A“myograph”（Para.2,Line1）isanelectronicinstrumentthat________________.

　　A）isabletodesignnewtools

　　B）measurestheamountofenergyused

　　C）enablepeopletoseethemuscularmovements

　　D）visualizeselectricalsignals

　　24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________________.

　　A）astepladderusedtohavefourlegs.

　　B）itisdangeroustousetools

　　C）atripodissaferinatooldesign

　　D）workersaresaferonproductionlines

　　25.Dr.Tichauerstartedhisexperimentsinitiallyto_________________.

　　A）improveefficiency

　　B）increaseproduction

　　C）reduceworkload

　　D）improvecomfort

　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapbigreward.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.

　　It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.

　　Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.

　　Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.

　　Why?

Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled（诈骗）themostconfidential（保密）recordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.

　　26.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___排除法____________.

　　A）itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday

　　B）peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany

　　C）computercriminalsescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected

　　D）computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions

　　27.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat_________________.

　　A）mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblametheirbadluck

　　B）therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem

　　C）mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes

　　D）manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthatarediscovered（估计是掉词了，应该表达的是undetected的比discovered的多）

　　28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?

　　A）Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced

　　B）Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation

　　C）Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation

　　D）Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation

　　29.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?

　　A）Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.

　　B）Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.

　　C）Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords

　　D）Theymustleavethecountrytogotojail.

　　30.Thepassageismainlyabout_________________.

　　A）whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment

　　B）whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections

　　C）howcomputercriminalsmangetogetgoodrecommendationsfromtheirformeremployers

　　D）whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminated

　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionmakesforequalityandthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

　　Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant–andthathashappenedinsomecases–weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

　　ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“Momism”–butwedon’twanttoexchangeitfora“neo-Popism”.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit–northeblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyseman’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

　　Thefamilyisaco-operativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

　　Excessiveauthoritarianism（命令主义）hasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinent（相关的，切题的）notonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.

　　31.Theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesis_________________.

　　A）fundamentaltoasounddemocracy

　　B）notpertinenttohealthyfamilylife

　　C）responsibleforMomism

　　D）whatwehavealmostgivenup

　　32.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasksbythemotherandthefatheristhat___________.

　　A）theroleofthefathermaybecomeaninferiorone’

　　B）theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferiorone

　　C）C）thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeisabattleofsexes

　　D）sharingleadstoconstantarguing

　　33.Theauthorstatesthatbringingupchildren________________.

　　A）ismainlythemother’sjob

　　B）belongsamongthedutiesofthefather

　　C）isthejobofschoolsandchurches

　　D）involvesapartnershipofequals

　　34.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather’sroleinthehomeis____________________.

　　A）minorbecauseheisanineffectualparent

　　B）irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

　　C）pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

　　D）identicaltotheroleofthechild’smother

　　35.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldth