届高考英语 考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解一.docx

届高考英语 考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解一.docx

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届高考英语考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解一

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解

（一）

A

MostAmericanswouldhaveadifficulttimetellingyou，specifically，whatarethevalueswhichAmericansliveby.Theyhavenevergiventhematteranythought.

OvertheyearsIhaveintroducedthousandsofinternationalvisitorstolifeintheUnitedStates.ThishascausedmetotrytolookatAmericansthroughtheeyesofforeignvisitors.Iamconfidentthatthevalueslistedinthisbookletdescribemost（butnotall）Americans，andthatunderstandingthesevaluescanhelpyou，theinternationalvisitor，understandAmericans.

Itismybeliefthatifforeignvisitorsreallyunderstandhowdeeplythese13valuesareingrainedinAmericans，theywillthenbeabletounderstand95%ofAmericanactions—actionswhichmightotherwiseappear“strange”，“confusing”，or“unbelievable”whenevaluatedfromtheperspective（aspect）oftheforeigner’sownsocietyanditsvalues.

Thedifferentbehaviorsofapeopleoraculturemakesenseonlywhenseenthroughthebasicbeliefs，assumptionsandvaluesofthatparticulargroup.Whenyouencounter（meet）anaction，orhearastatementintheUnitedStateswhichsurprisesyou，trytoseeitasanexpressionofoneormoreofthevalueslistedinthisbooklet.

1．AnordinaryAmericancan’ttellyouhis/hervaluesystembecause________.

A．thisissomethinganAmericanlivesby

B．everyonewillhavehis/herownvaluesystem

C．he/shehasneverthoughtaboutit

D．valuesaresomethingoftenintheirthought

2．Theauthorlists13valuesinhisbookletto________.

A．inviteforeignerstovisitAmerica

B．lookatAmericansthroughtheeyesofforeignvisitors

C．describetheconfusingactionsofmostAmericans

D．helpinternationalvisitorsunderstandAmericans

3．Theunderlinedword“ingrained”inLine2，Paragraph3mostprobablymeans“________”．

A．rootedinthemindsB．foundinthegrainsC．plantedforfoodD．preparedwithgrain

4．VisitorssometimesfindAmericansbehaveinastrange，confusingorunbelievableway，probablybecause________.

A．Americansarehardtounderstand

B．Americanshavevalueswhichareentirelydifferentfromtheirown

C．theyviewAmericansaccordingtothevaluesintheirownsociety

D．itisdifficulttounderstandanypeoplewhenyoufirstencounterthem

【解题导语】　本文是一本书的序言。

作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止感到很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。

于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。

了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。

1.答案C解析：

考查细节理解。

第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。

2.答案D解析：

考查推理判断。

由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。

3.答案A解析：

考查词义猜测。

结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。

4.答案C解析：

考查推理判断题。

第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。

PassageB（2020;2020年浙江金丽衢十二校联考）

TheaverageAmericanwillhavethreetofivecareers,10to12jobs，andwillholdeachoneforanaverageof3.5yearsthroughouthisorherlifetime，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Doesthissoundfamiliar?

Areyoustillstrugglingtofindtheidealcareer?

Finding_your_dream_job_may_be_as_simple_as_opening_that_bag_of_potato_chips_in_your_kitchen_cupboard.AstudyconductedbyAlanHirsch，neurologicaldirectoroftheSmell&TasteTreatmentandResearchFoundation，Chicago，foundthatjobsatisfactioniscorrelatedtoyourfavoritesnack.“Aperson’sjobselectionreflectshisessentialessenceandhispersonality，”hemaintains.“Foodchoices—likeselectionsofclothing，movies，andspouses—canprovideinsightinpersonalityandcharacterstructure.Thus，thetypicalpersonalitytraitsassociatedwithsnackpreferencescanbeusedtohelppredictoccupationalchoices，becauseaperson’sjobselectionalsoreflectshisessentialessenceandhispersonality.”

Peoplewhochoosepotatochipstosatisfytheirsnackingurgeshavehighexpectationsnotonlyforthemselves，butforthosearoundthem.Competitive.Theyusuallycomeoutontopinbusiness，sports，andsocialsituations.（Lawyer，tennisplayer，policeofficer，CEO）

Formal，alwaysproper，conscientious，andprincipled.Peoplewhocravecheesecurlshaveawelldevelopedsenseofintegrityandmaintainthemoralhighgroundwiththeirfamily，coworkers，andromanticpartners.Theyplanaheadforanypossiblecatastrophe.Withbandaidsandbatteries，thecheesecurllover’shouseisalwaysstockedandready.（Realestateagent，psychiatrist（精神病医师），producer）

Selfassuredandconfident，thosewhopreferpopcornarebestdescribedastakechargesortofpeople.Theywillnothesitatetoassumeextraworkonthejobortakeonchoresatsocialgatherings.Eventhoughtheyareselfconfident，popcornloversaremodestandhumble，andwouldneverbeconsideredshowoffs.Popcornbuffsarehiddensuccesses.（Teacher，artist，truckdriver，nurse，judge，neurosurgeon）

1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Snackpreferencemayreflectone’spersonalityandcharacterstructure.

B.Snackpreferencemaypredictone’scareerchoice.

C.Peopleindifferentcareersmaypreferdifferentsnacks.

D.Foodchoicesarejustlikeone’sselectionofclothing，movies，andspouses.

2．Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________.

A.asnackloverismorelikelytofindhisdreamjob

B.itisbecomingmucheasiertofindyourdreamjobthanbefore

C.jobhuntingnowadaysisaseasyasfindingyourfavoritesnack

D.wecantellone’soccupationalchoicebyhisfavoritesnack

3．Apersonwholikescheesecurlsismostlikelytobea________.

A.policeofficerB.judgeC.producerD.truckdriver

4．ThefavoritesnackofaCEOisprobably________.

A.potatochipsB.popcornC.cheesecurlsD.nuts

【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普阅读。

一项研究发现，一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。

1.答案B解析：

主旨大意题。

概括全文内容特别是文章第二段可知，本文主要介绍一个人的零食偏好往往能够反映出他未来的择业倾向。

A项是文章的细节，不是本文的中心和主旨。

2.答案D解析：

推理判断题。

应该把这句话跟下文联系起来理解，这句话还是说明根据一个人的零食偏好就能判断他未来会选择什么样的职业。

3.答案C解析：

细节理解题。

从第四段最后可知，喜欢奶酪卷的人适合的职业之一是制片人。

4.答案A解析：

细节理解题。

从第三段可知，CEO喜欢的食物是potatochips。

PassageC（2020;2020年黄冈中学期中测试）

DoomedbeautiessuchasCleopataandManilynMonroewerefarfromaloneintheirmisery.Veryattractivepeopletendtoformpartnershipsthatarelessstableandsatisfyingthanthoseenjoyedbyplain_Janes.

AccordingtotheresearchbyDrJohnBlaineoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,relationshipsbetweenpeoplewhoseprofessionslargelydependontheirappearance,suchasmodelsoractors,tendtoendmuchfasterthanthosebetweenlawyers,doctorsandstudents.

Blainesaidthebeautifulfeltdifferentfromchildren.Theyaretreatedasspecial,whichmaycreatebotharrogance（傲慢）andinsecurity.Alltoooften,beautycanbeusedasanalternativetoeducation.Oftentheyarepushedoutoftheirclassortown,toldtogooffandmaketheirfortuneinHollywoodorLondonand,whenthemajorityfail,theyhavefewtalentstomakealiving.

Blaineaddedthatbeautifulpeoplescorepoorlyonthe“bigfive”—thekeyfactorsAmericanexpertsconsiderwhenhelpingdistressedcouples.Theseareneuroticism（神经过敏），includingangerandanxiety;extroversion（性格外向）；opennesstonewexperiences;agreeableness;conscientiousness,andstickingbyagreementstheyhavemade.Attractivepeopleoftenseenoreasontotrytochangeuntiltheirlooksstarttofade.

KristaSutherlanf,oftheUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeles,saidpartnershipsthatappearedtobeperfectfromtheoutside,suchastheformer“dreamteams”ofNicoleKidmanandTomCruiseorHughGrantandElizabethHurley,wherebackgroundsandaspirations（抱负）areoftenshared，didnotnecessarilyleadtohappiness.

1．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentenceofthepassage?

A．Beautifulwomenalwaysfeltlonely.

B．Beautifulwomenwerealwaysalone.

C．Manybeautifulwomendidn’tendupwithahappylife.

D．Beautifulwomenalwayslivedahappylife.

2．Theunderlinedphrase“plainJanes”inthepassagerefersto“________”．

A．ordinarylookingwomenB．womencalledJane

C．commonpeopleD．attractivewomen

3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A．HughGrantandElizabethHurleywereacouple

B．NicoleKidmanandTomCruisewereverysatisfiedwiththeirlife

C．whentheyfailinHollywood,thebeautifulhavelittletroubleinmakingaliving

D．themarriageofthebeautifuloftenlastslong

4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?

A．FivekeyfactorsaffectingthepartnershipB．Beautiesaredoomedtofailinlove

C．Beautifulorcommon?

D．Thebeautiesaredifferent

【解题导语】　本文为议论文，作者论证了这样一个观点：

美女并不幸福。

1.答案C解析：

考查推理判断。

第一段说漂亮的人，其partnership往往不如普通人的稳定和让人满意，由此判断，文章开头说“克莱奥帕特拉和玛丽莲•梦露等美女的悲惨命运绝非个例”意在表明“很多美女的生活都不幸福”。

2.答案A解析：

考查词义猜测题。

从语境看，画线部分的plainJanes指与前面提到的美女相对的、相貌平常的女性，因此选A。

3.答案A解析：

考查推理判断。

最后一段说，外界看上去很完美的关系，比如……未必最终有幸福的结局。

再结合上文论述可判断HughGrant和ElizabethHurley是夫妻关系，故选A，其他选项都与文章内容不符。

4.答案B解析：

考查主旨大意。

文章主要论述了美女命运多舛的观点，并分析了其中的原因，故B项最适合为本文标题。

1

DoAmericanchildrenstilllearnhandwritinginschool?

Intheageofthekeyboard,somepeopleseemtothinkhandwritinglessonsareonthewayout.90%ofteacherssaytheyarerequiredtoteachhandwriting.Butstudieshaveyettoanswerthequestionofhowwelltheyareteachingit.Onestudypublishedthisyearfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting.Someteachersareteachinghandwritingbyprovidinginstructionfor1015minutesaday,andthenotherteacherswhobasicallyteachitfor60to70minutesaday—whichreallyforhandwritingisprettymuch.

Manyadultsrememberlearningthatway—bycopyinglettersoverandoveragain.Today’sthinkingisthatshortperiodsofpracticearebetter.Manyexpertsalsothinkhandwritingshouldnotbetaughtbyitself.Instead,theysayitshouldbeusedasawaytogetstudentstoexpressideas.Afterall,thatiswhywewrite.

Handwritinginvolvestwoskills.Oneislegibility,_whichmeansformingtheletterssotheycanberead.Theotherisfluency—writingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit.Fluencycontin