中考英语专题定语从句.docx

中考英语专题定语从句.docx

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中考英语专题定语从句

中考英语专题----定语从句

定语从句

【考点1】基本概念

一、什么是定语？

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。

定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当，且定语往往翻译为“…的”。

形容词作定语：

Iboughtanexpensivecomputer.

Imetsomeonefunnyonmywaytoschool.

名词作定语：

SheisanEnglishteacher.

不定式作定语：

Ihavealotofworktodo.

过去分词短语作定语：

ThebookwrittenbyTomisverypopularnow.

现在分词作定语：

Wecanseetherisingsun.

动名词作定语：

Heisinthereadingroom.

从句作定语：

TheboywhobrokethewindowisTom’sbrother.

二、什么是定语从句？

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

定语从句的结构、名称如下图所示：

关系词常有三个作用：

1.引导定语从句 

2.代替先行词

3.在定语从句中担当一个成分

【考点2】关系代词

关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。

TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。

一、常见的关系代词

关系代词

先行词

句中成分

例句

who

人

主语，宾语（作宾语时可省略）

Ateacherisapersonwho/thatpassesknowledgetostudents.

Heistheman（who/whom/that）Isawyesterday.

whom

人

宾语（可省略）

Thewoman（whom）youmetinthestreetisKate.

whose

人或物

定语

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.

Themanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.

which

物

主语，宾语（作宾语时可省略）

Thisistheroominwhichhelivedlastyear.

Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.

that

人或物

主语，宾语，表语（作宾语时可省略）

Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou?

二、只用that不用which引导的定语从句

用法

例句

1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.

2.先行词被序数词修饰时

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.

3.先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时

HereareallthebooksthatIhave.　

ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.

4.先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时

Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.

5.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时

IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

6.先行词是theone时，

Thisistheonethatyouwant.　

7.在以who/what/which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?

三、只用which不用that引导的定语从句

用法

例句

1.在介词后只用which，不能用that

Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.

2.先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that

Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.

四、关系代词who，whom的用法

关系词

用法

例句

who

指人，在从句中作主语

Thisisthesoliderwhosavedtheboy’slife.

whom

指物，在从句中作宾语，有时可用who代替

【注】whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词置于whom之前时，不能用who代替

Themanwhom/whoImetyesterdayisJim.

DoyouremembertheboywithwhomIusedtogoout?

例题1：

将下列句子合并为定语从句。

1）TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.

____________________________________________________________________

2）Ifoundtheletter.Thelettercameyesterday.

____________________________________________________________________

3）Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow

____________________________________________________________________

4）Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.

____________________________________________________________________

5）Ihelpedtheman.Theman’scarwasbroken.

____________________________________________________________________

例题2：

Davidisafantasticsinger_____canplaydifferentkindsofmusic.

A.whichB.whoC.whom

例题3：

---Whatareyoudoing,Tim?

---IamlisteningtothesongLongLive_____makesmefeelexcited

A.whichB.whoC./

例题4：

Thewatch_____yougavemekeepsperfecttime.

A.whoB.whatC.that

例题5：

---Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Maria?

---IpreferthesongMamialofYouth_____issungbyTFBoys.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.where

例题6：

Iprefermovies_____mesomethingtothinkabout.

A.whichgivesB.thatgivesC.thatgiveD.whogive

例题7：

---WhowonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeechcontest?

---Theprizewenttothegirl_____speechwasthemostnaturalandfluent.

A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.不填

例题8：

Beingblindissomething____mostpeoplecan’timagine.

A.不填B.whatC.whoD.which

例题9：

Tobeabettermanisthebestsoapopera______Ihaveeverseen.

A.thatB.whereC.who

例题10：

---DoyouknowTuYouyou?

---Yes,sheisthefirstChinese_____wontheNobelPrizeinscience.

A.whohaveB.thathaveC.whichhasD.whohas

例题11：

The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog ___ were just passing by.   

A. which   B. as    C. that    D. who

参考答案：

1）Theboyswho\thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2）IfoundTheletterwhich\thatcameyesterday.

3）Themanwhom\thatyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

4）Thisisthepenwhich\thatheboughtyesterday.

5）Ihelpedthemanwhosecarwasbroken.

BACACCAADC

【考点3】关系副词

关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋which”结构交替使用。

关系副词

用法

例句

when

代替表示时间的名词，而且这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当时间状语，常可用onwhich,inwhich,duringwhich等代替

Wedon'tknowtheexacttimewhentheEnglisheveningwillbeheld.

DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasmurdered?

when

代替表示地点的名词，而且这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当地点状语，常用inwhich，onwhich，towhich等代替

Theplacewherewe'retohavetheSpeechContesthasnotbeendecided.

Hedidallhisresearchintheroomwherehelived.

why

代替表示原因的名词，而且这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当原因状语，常可用forwhich代替

Hedidn'ttellherthereasonwhyhewashappy.

Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedouroffer?

例题1：

将下列句子合并为定语从句。

1）Istillremembertheday.Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday.

___________________________________________________________________

2）Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Ilivedinthehousetenyearsago.

___________________________________________________________________

3）Thereasonisnotclear.Herefusedtheinvitationforthereason.

___________________________________________________________________

例题2：

— Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese dictionary is very helpful. 

— That’s the reason _________ our English teacher advises us to buy 

A. which   B. why   C. where   D. when

例题3：

Haveyouevervisitedthefactory"RedFlag"carsareproduced.

A.inthatB.thatC.whichD.where

例题4：

YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that

参考答案：

1.1）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

2）ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3）Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.

BDD

【考点4】关系代词与关系副词的辨析

方法一：

根据从句谓语动词

用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

若从句谓语动词为及物动词且及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；若从句谓语动词为不及物动词，则要用关系副词。

例1：

Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.这就是去年我参观过的山村。

例2：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。

例1和例2的先行词都是village，习惯上总是将表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起，但是例1中从句的谓语动词为及物动词visit，且缺少宾语，故用that或which；例2中从句的谓语动词为不及物动词stay，故用where。

例题：

I'llneverforgetthedays_________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.

I'llneverforgetthedays__________Ispentinthecountryside.

参考答案：

when;that/which

方法二：

判断先行词在定语从句中的成分

在从句中作主语who,that,

先行词是人在从句中作宾语whom,that,who,省略

在从句中作定语whose

在从句中作主语which,that

先行词是物在从句中作宾语which,that,省略

在从句中作定语whose

在从句中作时间状语when

先行词在从句中作地点状语where

在从句中作原因状语why

例题1：

IlovetheschoolIhavestudiedforthreeyears

A.whereB.whenC.that

例题2：

ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace_________I’veevervisited.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

例题3：

It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse________hasnewfurnitureinit.

A.whoB.whereC.that

例题4：

Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses____JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsago.

A.whichB.whereC.whoD.when

参考答案：

AACA

基础演练

一、将下列句子合并为定语从句。

1.TheboyscomefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.

_______________________________________________________________

2.Mr.Liulikesfootballverymuch.I’mtalkingwithMr.Liu.

_______________________________________________________________

3.Theycouldnotgetthejob.TheywantedtheJob.

_______________________________________________________________

4.Thefactoryisverydirty.Thefactorymakespencils.

_______________________________________________________________

5.Themanbuysapen.Thepenwriteswell.

_______________________________________________________________

6.Thefilmisboring.Iwenttoseethefilmlastnight.

_______________________________________________________________

7.Thebookiswellworthreading.ThebookiswrittenbyTom.

_______________________________________________________________

8.Thehatisnice.Thecolorofthehatisred.

_______________________________________________________________

9.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmallvillage.Hegrewupinthatsmallvillage.

_______________________________________________________________

10.HelivedinLondonfor3months.HepickedupsomeEnglishduringthose3months.

_______________________________________________________________

二、单项选择。

1.SweetwormwoodisacommonplantinChina.TuYouyouisthewoman_____usedtheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.

A.whichB.whoC.whose

2.---Doyouknowtheboy____issittingnexttoPeter?

---Yes.He’sPeter’sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghis____birthday.

A.who,ninthB.that,nineC.which,ninthD.that,theninth

3.Thewoman_____isstandingunderthetreeismyaunt.

A.whatB.whichC.whoD.where

4.（四川绵阳）Iprefermovies_____mesomethingtothinkabout.

A.whichgivesB.thatgivesC.thatgiveD.whogive

5.—WhowonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeechcontest?

—Theprizewenttothegirl_____speechwasthemostnaturalandfluent.

A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.不填

6.Beingblindissomething____mostpeoplecan’timagine.

A.不填B.whatC.whoD.which

7.---Shakespeareisagreatwriter_____isconsideredasagenius（天才）.

---