辽宁省阜新市第二高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题.docx

辽宁省阜新市第二高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题.docx

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辽宁省阜新市第二高级中学学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

2019学年高二英语期末试卷

（考试时间：

100分钟试卷满分：

120分）

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

FemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorld

Therearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.

TieraGuinn

This21-year-oldscientisthasn’tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn’salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMIT（麻省理工学院）seniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She’sanaerospace（航天航空）majorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.

ElizabethBlackwell

ElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen’shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.

JaneGoodall

Themostfamousprimate（灵长目）scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimps（黑猩猩）andasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn’tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviorofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.

RachelCarson

Inthe1960s,oneenvironmentalscientist’svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitics,culture,andforeignpolicy:

RachelCarson’s.Herarticle,＂SilentSpring,＂warnedofthedangersofpesticides（农药）andchemicalstohumans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation’senviron（周围的）mentalhistory.

1.WhatisTieraGuinn’sgreatestachievement?

A.Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.

B.Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.

C.Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.

D.Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamouscompany.

2.WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?

A.Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.

B.Shewasapioneerofthewomen’shealthintheUSandtheUK.

C.Shefoundthefirstwomen’sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.

D.ShewasthefirstwomantobeacceptedasanAmericancitizen.

3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?

A.TieraGuinn.B.JaneGoodall.C.RachelCarson.D.ElizabethBlackwell.

B

Volunteeringabroadcomeswithabitofasocialstigma（耻辱）.Frommyexperience,thiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Volunteeringisn’tsoexpensivethatit’sonlyachoiceforthewell-off（有钱的）.Ispent10weeksvolunteeringinArizonawithAmericaConservationExperience（ACE）,helpingpreserveAmerica’snaturalbeauty.

ThetripwasarrangedthroughBUNAC,aworkandvolunteerorganization.Inallitcostmearound$1,000—asumwhichIcoveredmostlybyworkingpart-time.

Theself-indulgent（放纵自己的）imageisrelevanttooverseasvolunteerprojects.

However,theworkcanbehard-going.Ispentmytimemaintainingtrails,buildingfencesandcarryingoutprojectsinsomeofthenationalmonumentsofAmerica.SummertemperaturesinArizonastaywellabove35℃,neverpleasantifyou’recarrying50kgofconcretefor10hoursatatime.Andthentherewasthewildlifetodealwith,whichimprovedmystrengthofcharacterandmademyfearoftheEnglishhouseholdspiderdisappear.

Whatdomostpeoplevolunteerfor?

Probablytheywanttogivebackthingstotheworld.Butinreality,youbenefitjustasmuchasthelocalcommunitiesandecosystemsyou’rehelping.

Spending10weeksinAmerica’smostbeautifulnationalparksandforestswasunforgettable.Igainedafardeeperunderstandingofthelocalenvironmentthantheaveragetourist,meetingex-nationalparkrangers（护林者）whoknewperfectlyofthearea’shistoryandecosystem.Butbestofall,my10weekswerespentvolunteeringwithyoungpeoplefromamixofcultures—fromBelgianstoSouthKoreans.WhenIleftArizona,Ireturnedhomehavingmadealife-longbondwiththepeoplefromaroundtheworld.

4.Fromhisexperience,theauthorhasrealized______________.

A.volunteeringabroadgivesyouabitofsocialstigma

B.peoplewithaverageincomecandovolunteeringworkabroad

C.volunteeringcanhelppreservenaturalbeauty

D.volunteeringwillteachyouhowtofindthetruth

5.Howdidtheauthoraffordhistrip?

A.WiththehelpofBUNAC.

B.WiththesupportofAmericaConservationExperience.

C.ByworkingforBUNAC.

D.Bydoingpart-timejobs.

6.Whilevolunteeringabroad,theauthor___________.

A.livedinpleasanttemperaturesinArizona

B.builtnationalmonumentsinAmerica

C.infactbenefitedalot

D.mainlyintendedtogivebackthingstotheworld

7.What’sthebestpartofdoingvolunteeringworkabroadfortheauthor?

A.Buildinguphisstrength.

B.Overcomingthefearofwildlife.

C.Havinganunderstandingoftheecosystem.

D.Makingtheacquaintancewiththepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

C

InAmericanculture,thecommitment（承若，许诺）tospendtimewithsomeoneismoreimportantthananythingelsethatmighthappen.Americansgotogreatlengthstokeeptheircommitments.Eveniftheirmothercalledthemonthephone,theywouldsay,"Oh,Mom,Icanonlytalkafewminutes,becauseI'mmeetingafriendforlunch.CanIcallyoubackwhenIgethome?

"Theirmotherwouldnottakeoffenseatthis,becausetheirpre-existingplanstakeprecedence（优先权）overallothers.

Ifyoumakeplanswithsomeone,youshouldbetherewhenyousayyouwill.Threetofiveminutesearlyisevenbetter,becauseitshowsthatyouarereallylookingforwardtospendingtimewiththeotherperson.Mostpeoplewillallowfiveormaybetenminuteslate,butmorethanthatisconsideredbadform.Notshowingupatallisconsideredveryrudeand,unlessyouhaveaverygoodreason,theotherpersonmayneverwanttomakeplanswithyouagain.

Becontinuallylateordonotshowupfordates,andyouwillgetareputationassomeonewhodoesnotkeepyourword.Peoplewillconsideryoualiarandsomeonenottobetrusted,andwillnotwanttobeyourfriendormaynotwanttodobusinesswithyou.Beinglateornotshowingupisinterpretedasmeaningthatyouneverwantedtogooutwiththepersoninthefirstplace,andwillcausehardfeelings.

Theruletorememberis:

showupafewminutesearlyorontime.Ifyoumustbelate,phonetheotherpersonatonceandexplainwhy.Donotbelaterepeatedly,andneverstandsomeoneupunlessyouabsolutelycannotavoidit.

8.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinusingthemother'sexample?

A.ToproveAmericansplaceahighvalueonpromises.

B.Toadvisemotherstorespecttheirchildren'schoices.

C.Toappealtopeopletokeepmorecompanyforparents.

D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofkeepingcommitments.

9.Whenwouldbebetterforyoutoarriveifyoumakeanappointmenttodateat7:

50?

A.Tenpastseveno’clock.B.Tentoseveno’clock.

C.Aquartertoeighto’clock.D.Aquarterpasteighto’clock.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphraseinthelastparagraph?

A.Keepsomeonewaitlong.B.Failtokeepanappointment.

C.Standbysomeone’spromise.D.Putupwithsomeonebeinglate.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Americans,Keepingcommitments.B.Americans,MakingPlansAhead.

C.WaystoMakeOne’sCommitments.D.DoYouKeepYourMotherWaiting?

D

Dogs,unlikepeople,arecapableofpurelove—atleastaccordingtoFreud.AsmoreAmericanslivealone,unconditionalaffectionisindemand.Petownershiphasrisenfordecades.Morethanathirdofhomeshaveatleastonedog,accordingtotheAmericanVeterinaryMedicalAssociation.

Butthepopularityoffour-leggedfriendshasanunpleasantcost:

dogssqueezeout（排泄）morethantwicethewasteoftheaverageperson,oraround275poundsayear.Withover83,000,000dogsrunningaroundthecountry,thatisalotofwaste.

Around60%ofthestuffgetscollectedandtruckedtolandfills（垃圾填埋）,whereitreleasesmethane（甲烷）,agreenhousegas.Therestdeliverssurprisestopedestrians（行人）andcanpollutewaterways.

Theproblemisparticularlybadincities,wheregreenspacesarefewandlonelysoulsseekingpuppyloveplentiful.Thereareover600,000dogsinNewYork—oneforevery14people—generatingover100,000tonsofturd（粪便）ayear.

Thisisamissedopportunity,saysRonGonen,thecity’sformerrecyclingtsar（掌权者）.Nowintheprivatesector,heistryingtolaunch"SparkyPower",aprogrammetotransformdogwasteintocleanenergyinthecity’sdogparks.

Theideaistofitparkswithsmallanacrobicdigesters（厌氧分解池）.Dogownerswouldplacetheirdogs’turd（粪块）intothemachine,whichthenturnsturdintogasforpoweringlampsandotherparkequipment.Ayear-longpilotwouldintroducedigestersinthreeparksatacostofaround$100,000,000.Theparksdepartmentisthinkingabouttheproposal.

Similarschemesinothercitieshaveprovedshort-lived.AnundergroundEnergyTransformationUsingReactiveDigestion（E-TURD）devicecreatedbyArizonaStateUniversitystudentsforadogparkinGilbert,Arizona,in2012finallyfailed.

"It’sgreattoturnitintoabiofue（化学燃料）l,butfirstyougotopickitup,"saysTomBoyd,anentrepreneurinTennessee.Hiscompany,PooPrints,shamestheownersofdogswhofailtocleanuptheirmessesbytestingDNAinuncollectedturd.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"Theproblem"inParagraph4referto?

A.Lotsofpeoplefeellonely.

B.Petdogsproducealotofwaste.

C.Thereareverylimitedgreenspaces.

D.Thegreenhouseeffectisgettingserious.

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheprogramme"SparkyPower"?

A.Itisaboutrecyclinghouseholdwaste.

B.Itisoperatedbythelocal