大学英语四级真题及参考答案.docx
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大学英语四级真题及参考答案
2004年6月四级试题
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
PassageOne
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Aisforalwaysgettingtoworkontime.
Bisforbeingextremelybusy.
Cisfortheconscientious(勤勤恳恳的)wayyoudoyourjob.
Youmaybeallthesethingsattheoffice,andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead,expertssay,theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP,forpolitics,asinofficepolitics.
DaleCarnegiesuggestedasmuchmorethan50yearsagohardworkalonedoesn’tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas,bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet,despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics—abetterjob,araise,praise—manypeoplearestillunable—orunwilling—toplaythegame.
Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative(工于心计的)behavior,saysDeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity.Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword“polite”.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventryingtopleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn.
Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone’sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment—notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell.
Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,saysNeilP.Lewis,amanagementpsychologist.Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It’ssimplehumannature.
Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery(奉承),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.
Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.
11.Officepolitics(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.
A)thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaff
B)thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers
C)theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany
D)thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer
12.Togetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut______.
A)givehisbossagoodimpression
B)honestandloyaltohiscompany
C)getalongwellwithhiscolleagues
D)avoidbeingtoooutstanding
13.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto“playthegame”(Line4,Para.5)?
A)Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.
B)Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.
C)Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.
D)Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.
14.Theauthorconsidersofficepoliticstobe________.
A)unwelcomeattheworkplace
B)badforinterpersonalrelationships
C)indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture
D)animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement
15.Itistheauthor’sviewthat__________.
A)speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannature
B)self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflattery
C)hardworkcontributesverylittletoone’spromotion
D)manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflattery
PassageTwo
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.
TheConstitution,saidtheassociation’sspokesman,giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn’tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.
Don’tyouthinkit’sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?
TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer.
Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody.
Thespokesmansaid,Hydrogenbombsdon’tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they’regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.
ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者).
Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns.16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto______.
A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb
B)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweapon
C)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathome
D)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon
17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat_____.
A)thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawer
B)mostpeopledon’tknowhowtohandletheweapon
C)people’sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon
D)theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals
18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit_____.
A)willfrightenawayanypossibleintruders
B)canshowthespecialstatusofitsowners
C)willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswell
D)cankillthoseenteringothers’housesbyforce
19.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat_____.
A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercome
B)poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweapon
C)thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendously
D)thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis
20.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris_______.
A)doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety
B)unhappywiththosewhovote;againsttheownershipofH-bombs
C)notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs
D)concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons
PassageThree
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversywhetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingoddamongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthehandtalkhisstudentsusedlookedricher.HewonderedmightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguageandcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarthItwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningassubstandard.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacaféneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.WhatIsaid,Stokoeexplains,isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________.
A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B)achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage
C)anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage
22.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby_______.
A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
D)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________.
A)asubstandardlanguage
B)agenuinelanguage
C)anartificiallanguage
D)aninternationallanguage
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_______.
A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C)alanguageshouldbeeasytou