第四册英语1357单元语言点.docx

第四册英语1357单元语言点.docx

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第四册英语1357单元语言点

Unit1

realm:

n.acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaofknowledge,activity,orthought

Thekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealmintoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.

影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。

Themoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.

Collocations:

publicrealm公众领域

Healwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.

他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。

withintherealmsofpossibility有可能的

Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.

这是完全有可能的。

interact:

vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteachother

Lucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.

所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。

Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.

transform:

vt.tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit

Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.

这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。

Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar.

CF:

change,convert&transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。

change指任何变化。

convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。

指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。

transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，完全改变。

Directions:

Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Inordertotransformtheirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.

2.Carbondioxidecanbeconvertedintooxygenthroughtheagencyofplant.

3.Whydotheleavesontreeschangecolourinautumn?

4.Healwaysattemptstoconvertotherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.

convert:

v.tochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,ortochangesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorinadifferentway

Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.

Intheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.

他成功地让我接受了他的观点。

Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.

subdue:

vt.gaincontrolof,esp.bydefeating

Foracenturywelabouredtosettleandtosubduethecontinent.

警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。

Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.

NB:

该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。

例如：

Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.

Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.

discipline:

1.vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-control

Discipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.

不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。

Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.

2.n.

1）awayoftrainingsomeonesothatthey

learntocontroltheirbehaviourandobey

rules

ThebookgivesparentsadviceonDiscipline

2）anareaofknowledgeorteaching

Theinformationthathasevolvedinonedisciplinemaypermitexcitingadvancementinanother.

她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象。

Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineofmarketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.

Collocations

disciplineproblem纪律问题

disciplineoneself自律

instilldisciplineintosb.灌输纪律观念

compel:

vt.make（apersonorthing）dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,orordersthatmustbeobeyed

Ourmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternalworldinonlyoneway.

法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。

Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.

CF:

compel,force&oblige这些动词均含“迫使”之意。

compel　指使（某人）做某事，强迫。

例如:

Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspendhisallowance.

家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。

force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。

例如:

Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.

政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。

oblige（按法律，协议或道义）强迫或要求（某人）做某事。

例如:

Circumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.

形势逼迫他卖掉公司。

transfer:

1.v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanother

MichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.

2.n.Mostofthebillsarepaidbyelectronictransfer.

权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。

Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.

infearof:

inastateoffearabout

Ordinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.

他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。

Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.

attain:

vt.tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalongtime

Morewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife

他们最后一定能获得解放。

They’resuretoattainemancipationintheend.

hostile:

a.showingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendly

SenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.

工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。

Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothecommonpeople.

retreat:

vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,esp.whenforcedtodoso

Perrylitthefuseandretreatedtoasafedistance.

从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。

Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.

CF:

retire,retreat&withdraw

这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。

retire指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。

例如:

Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.

三年前我就不再教书了。

retreat含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。

Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.敌军被迫撤退了。

withdraw强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。

也指军队的撤退。

Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.

部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。

concerned:

a.affectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believingsomethingisimportant

Allthepeoplepresentareconcernedwithchildren’seducation.

很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。

Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwiththegoodofthepeople.

Collocations:

concernedwith关注，关心；与···相关

concernedabout/for担心，关爱

concernedtodosth.专注于做某事

asfaras…isconcerned就···而言

ominous:

a.makingyoufeelthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappen

Thecarismakinganominousrattlingsound.

不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。

Theominousblackcloudspredictedthecomingthunderstorm.

complex:

1.a.consistingofmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand

Acomplexhighwaysystemistobeestablishedinordertoenhancethenationaltransportation.

随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增。

Thedemandsforreliabilityofpowersupplyincreasedailyasourindustrialandsocialenvironmentbecomesmorecomplex.

2.n.agroupofbuildings,oralargebuildingwithmanyparts,usedforaparticularpurpose

Theyliveinathree-storyapartmentcomplex.

CF:

complex,complicated,sophisticated&intricate

这些形容词均含“复杂的”意思。

complex强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。

complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。

sophisticated强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。

intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。

Directions:

Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Peterseemedtohaveagoodunderstandingofthemostcomplex/complicatedissues.

2.Joanshowsmethehighlysophisticatedcomputersoftware.

3.Mentalillnessisaverycomplicatedsubject.

4.Theplotofthenovelisintricateandfascinating.

5.Thehigherthelevelofcompetition,themoresophisticatedthetimingsystems.

distinguish:

v.makessomeoneorsomethingdifferentorspecial

Thefactorthatdistinguishesthiscompanyfromthecompetitioniscustomerservice.

Hisattorneyarguedthathecouldnotdistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.

他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。

Theyhavefoundamethodofdistinguishingcancercellsfromnormaltissue.

synthetic:

a.producedbysynthesizing;notnaturallyproduced;artificial

Amongthesyntheticfibresusedinfurnishingfabricsarenylon,polyesterandacrylic.

我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。

Wehavelearnedtoextractrawmaterialsfromnaturetocreatenewsyntheticmaterials.

glitter:

vi.shinebrightlywithflashingpointsoflight

Theriverglitteredinthesunlight.

晨露在阳光下闪烁。

Themorningdewsglitterinthesun.

CF:

flash,gleam&glitter这些动词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”之意

flash指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。

例如：

Lightningflashedoverhead.闪电在头顶闪光。

gleam指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。

例如：

Daywasbythistimeapproaching,thewestwasdim,theeastbeginningtogleam.

这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。

glitter指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。

例如：

Hisblueeyesglitteredwithanger.

他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的光芒。

cycle:

1.n.anumberofrelatedeventshappeninginaregularlyrepeatedorder

Sometimestheonlywaytobreakthecycleofviolenceinthehomeisforthewifetoleave.

2.v.travelbybicycle;gothroughaseriesofrelatedeventsagainandagain

Hecyclestoworkeveryday.

水通过机器循环再利用。

Thewateriscycledthroughthemachineandreused.

Collocations:

breakthecycle打破循环

cyclingtour骑车环游

cyclelane/path/route自行车道

lifecycle生命周期

asyet:

untilnow

Themeetingwillbeheldonanasyetundecideddate.

我们到现在还没有科林的消息。

We’vehadnowordfromColinasyet.

theme:

n.themainsubjectorideainapieceofwriting,speech,film,etc

Thebook'sthemeistheconflictbetweenloveandduty.

林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。

MostofLynch’spictureswerevariationsonthesametheme.

CF:

issue,theme&topic这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。

issue指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。

theme正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。

topic普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。

Directions:

Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Capitalpunishmentisahighlycontroversialissue..

2.TheirstoryechoesthecentralthemeinPart1ofthisbookPrinciples.

3.Globalwarmingandyouthcrimearethekeyissuesintheelectioncampaign.

4.Theweddinghasbeentheonlytopicofconversationforweeks.

threaten:

beadangerorthreatto;seemlikely（toharm,spoil,ruin,etc.）

Hethreatenedtotakethemtocourt.

这一事件将有损他的声誉。

Theincidentthreatenstoruinhisreputation.

apt:

a.

1）exactlysuitable

“Loveatfirstsight”isaveryaptdescriptionofhowhefeltwhenhesawher.

惩罚应当与罪行相适应。

Thepunishmentshouldbeaptforthecrime.

2）havinganaturaltendencytodosomething

SomeofthestaffareapttoarrivelateonMondays.

Unit3

lookinto:

examinethemeaningorcausesof;investigate

委员会收到了投诉，正在调查。

Thecommitteehavereceivedthecomplaint,andthey’relookingintoit.

Thepolicelookedintohisbusinessdealingsandfoundsomethingsuspicious.

inaway:

tosomeextent

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