精读第5单元语言点.docx
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精读第5单元语言点
Unit5,Book4
StrippingDowntoBareHappiness
1.DifficultSentences
1）Neitheroneofthem,itturnedout,waswillingtorestrict
whattheyconsideredtheir“reallife”intothebrieftime
beforeworkandthetiredhoursafterwards.
Whatdoes“reallife”heremeanaccordingtoSaraandMichael?
（=“Reallife”herereferstoasimplesatisfyingbutnotwastefulfamilylifethatthecoupleareafter.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=他们俩谁都不愿意把他们视为生活中最重要的部分仅仅局限于上班前的一小段时间和下班后已疲惫不堪的那几个小时。
）
2）Theydecidedtospendtheirmoneyonlyonthingsthat
contributedtotheirmajorgoal,theconstructionofaworldwherefamilyandfriendship,workandplay,wereallofapiece,aworld,moreover,whichdidnotmakewastefuluseoftheearth’sresources.
Accordingtothissentence,whatkindofaworlddidSaraandMichaelintendtobuildforthemselves?
（=SaraandMichaelintendedtobuildaworldoftheirownwheretheycouldenjoyfamilylife,sociallifeandbalanceworkandplayallatthesametime.Meanwhile,theywishedtoconstructaworldwhichdidnotmakewastefuluseoftheearth’sresources.）
Analyzethestructureofthissentence.
（=本句的主句是Theydecidetospendtheirmoneyonthings，后面携带的that从句是先行词things的定语从句，而在定语从句中又嵌套了分别以where和which引导的定语从句，修饰theconstructionofaworld中的world一词，而短语theconstructionofaworld其成分实际上是短语majorgoal的同位语。
）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=他们决定只把钱花在有助于实现他们的主要目标的东西上：
构建一个把家庭和友谊、工作和娱乐融为一体的生活天地，而且还是一个不浪费地球资源的生活天地。
）
3）Bysiftinganddiscarding,bykeepingtrackofwhatthey
have,SaraandMichaelhaveaclearideaofwhattheyreallyneed.
Paraphrasethissentence.
（=Bypickingupwhatisessentialandgettingridoftheuselessandbyexaminingcloselywhattheyhave,SaraandMichaelunderstandtheirrealneeds.）
4）TheydonotownaTV,andsotheyandtheirchildarenot
constantlysaturatedwithimagesofnewtoys,newthings,andnewtemptations.
Whatdoesthephrase“besaturatedwith”meaninthiscontext?
（=Hereitmeanstobeoverexposedtosomethingorhavetoomuchcontactwith.）
WhatdoesthissentenceimplyaboutthedisadvantageofTVmedia?
（=itcriticizesTVforputtingcountlessbutuselesstemptationstoeitheradultsorchildrenthroughTVcommercials.）
5）Theyhaveexchangedtheexpensesofworkinacommuter
Age—theextracar,thecostofgasoline,professionalwardrobes,lunchesandfrequentdinnersout,andbabysittingfees—forthetimetopayattentiontothequalityoftheirlives.
Whatdoes“commuterage”referto?
（=“Commuterage”referstothepresentsituationthatmanyworkingpeoplehavetotravelregularlybyacertaintransportbetweenone’sworkplaceandone’shome.）
Accordingtothissentence,whatdotheexpensesofworkinacommuterageinclude?
（=Theyincludetheextracar,thecostofgasoline,professionalwardrobes,lunchesandfrequentdinnersout,andbabysittingfees.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=他们节省了通勤时代上下班必须支付的开支：
另外的一辆车、汽油费、职业装、午餐和经常外出吃晚餐的开销以及保姆费，换来的则是时间——用于关注生活质量的时间。
）
6）Thatyearningfeelingthat’ssomuchapartofthisculturegoesonforever.
Whatisthe“yearningfeeling”thatSaratalksabout?
（=The“yearningfeeling”Saratalksaboutreferstothestrongdesiretopossessmoreandmorematerialthings.AnimportantpartoftheAmericancultureisconsumerism—theideaorbeliefthatbuyingasmanygoodsaspossibleisdesirableforapersonorsociety.Anditisthis“yearningfeeling”thathasledtotheemergenceofsuchsociallysanctionedproblemsasimpulsebuying,brand-nameloyalty,irrationalconsumptionoftheearth’sresourcesandthementalityoffollowingtrendsandfads.）
7）Ireaditcarefully,givingmyselfhighmarksinsomeareas,surprisedatmysociallysanctionedirrationalbehaviorinothers.
Whydoestheauthorcommentherbehavioras“sociallysanctionedirrationalbehavior”?
（=Becauseherbehaviorwasnotbasedonclearlogicorgoodreasonandshouldnotbeencouraged,butsuchbehaviorwasregardedright,acceptedandevenpromotedbysociety.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=我仔细地阅读了，在一些方面我给自己打了高分，而在另一些方面我为身上存在的社会所认可的不理智行为感到惊讶。
）
8）WhenIstoodintheparkinglot,$11poorer,nohappieronleavingthestorethanIhadbeenenteringit,Ifeltlikeachild,helplessinthefaceofmyownimpulse.
Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhershopping?
（=Shedidnotfeelhappieronleavingthestorethanshehadbeenenteringit.Shefeltlostafterhershoppingbecauseshecouldnotresistthetemptationofbuyingthingsthatshecouldactuallylivewithout.）
Didtheauthorthinkiteasyforpeopletogiveupimpulsebuying?
（=Accordingtothissentence,shefindsitsometimesdifficulttofindthedeterminationandcouragetogiveupimpulsebuying.）
9）Itisaworldofillusion,thisshoppingmerry-go-roundweride,butwithalltheactionandexcitement,itissometimeshardtofindtheresolveandthecouragetodismount.
Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimplywiththephrase“thisshoppingmerry-go-round”?
（="Merry-go-round”isafavoriteforkids.Heretheauthoriscomparingadultstochildrenwhentheylosesensesinfaceofthetemptationofshoppingandtheirdesires.）
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
（=我们乘坐的这只购物旋转木马，其实是一个幻觉世界，但由于它不停地旋转并富有刺激性，有时我们很难找到决心和勇气从木马上下来。
）
2.WordsandExpressions
1）strip:
v.removeallexcessdetailfrom
*HisbookaimstostripawaytheliessurroundingthelifeanddeathofRobertKennedy.
Collocations:
stripdowntosth.精炼，简化至
*Theclimberswerestrippeddowntotheirbasicoutfitinordertoensureaperfectperformance.
stripsb.ofsth.剥夺
*Thecourtfoundhimguilty,andhewasstrippedofhisrank.
stripsth.offsth.脱掉，剥掉
*Thesoldiersstrippedofftheirclothesandjumpedintothelaketosavethedrowningchild.
cf.strip,divest,denude&bare
这些动词表示脱去某人或某物的衣物，外皮或使某人或某物失去财产或特点。
strip指常表示有力或突然地剥去或撕去
divest指通常表示指定地剥夺，如职位或其象征
denude指去掉通常或自然的外表
bare暗指揭开外表使暴露于视觉
（Directions:
）Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Attheendoftheball,allgentlemenhad______totheirshirts.（=stripped）
2.Bystanders_____theirheadsasthefuneralprocessionpassed.（=bared）
3.Constructionbeganonlyafterthesitehadbeen_____oftrees.（=denuded）
4.Allmenhavecertaininherentrights,ofwhichtheycannotbyanycompact,____theirposterity.（=divest）
2）bare:
a.
1.mere
（=*Ifyouaskheraboutherself,shegivesonlythebarestofdetails.）
该提案仅以勉勉强强的多数票通过。
（=Theproposalwasapproachedbyabaremajority.）
2.withoutclothing,covering,protection,ordecoration
*hillsbareofvegetation
Collocations:
laybare揭发，揭露
bare-faced无耻的，公然的
abarepossibility绝无仅有的可能性
fightwithbarehands赤手而战
3）simplicityn.
1.Absenceofaffectationorpretense.
（=Herclotheswerecharacterizedbytheirsimplicityandgoodtaste.）
2.Theproperty,condition,orqualityofbeingsimpleoruncombined
*OneofEinstein’sgreatnessisthatheunderstoodthesimplicityoftheuniverse.
4）Itturnsoutthat...:
Ithappensthat...
*ItturnedoutthatAnnwasacourageousgirlwhowouldnotabandonherquestforthetruth.
*他为自己的考试结果担心了好久，结果居然很好。
（=Worriedashewasaboutthetestresult,itturnedouttobesatisfactory.）
Collocations:
turnsth.out制造
*Ournewfactoryisturningoutlargequantitiesofgoods.
turnsb.out驱逐，使放弃
*Strongcompetitionturnshimoutofhisjob.
*他因为交不起房租被赶了出来。
（=Hewasturnedoutofthehouseforhecouldn’tpaytherent.）
5）restrict:
v.keepwithinlimits
*Discussionatthemeetingwasrestrictedtotheagenda.
*在高楼林立的地区，车速限制为每小时30公里。
（=Wearerestrictedtoaspeedof30milesanhourinbuilt-upareas.）
*在贵国酒的消费是否受法律限制？
（=Istheconsumptionofalcoholrestrictedbylawinyourcountry?
）
cf.limit,confine&restrict
这些动词均有“限制，限定”之意。
limit一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限，一旦超越限度，就会造成不良结果。
当然也可指不事先规定，而且自然的或固有的界限。
confine强调施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁。
restrict指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内。
（Directions:
）Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.TheOlympicspiritisencouragingathletestobreakthe_____ofourphysicalpower.（=limit）
2.Anysoldierwhodeserveshispostwillbe_____toquarters.（=confined）
3.I____myselftotwocigarettesaday.（=restrict）
6）tradevt.exchange
I’lltradeyousomeofmychocolateforsomeofyouricecream.
Collocations:
tradesth.forsth.交换，交易
*那男孩用他的刀子换了个板球棒。
（=Theboytradedhisknifeforacricketbat.）
tradesth.in折价购买
他以旧车折价买了一部新款车。
（=Hetradedinhisoldcarforanewmodel.）
tradeon/upon利用，滥用
*HemadegoodmoneyinTVcommercialsbytradingonhispastreputationasapopstar.
7）ofapiece:
1.inagreement
*Hisactionisofapiecewithwhathehasbeensayinghewilldoforthepastfewmonths.
*我们的远大理想与现实的目标应该是一致的。
（=Ourgrandambitionandthepresentgoalareactuallyofapiece.）
2.likeeachotherincharacter
*Thoughdiscoveredintwodifferentregions,theseartworksareallofapiece.
8）maintain:
vt.
1.keepup,retain,continue
（=Partofherjobistomaintaingoodrelationswithoursuppliers.）
Hetooktheleadandmaintainedituntiltheendoftherace.
2.keepingoodconditionbymakingrepairstoitandtakingcareofit.
Thecompanyisresponsibleformaintainingpublictelephonebooths.
铁路线需要时常养护。
（=Therailwaylineshavetobeconstantlymaintained.）
3.keepinexistence
*Thesuppliesoffoodwerescarcelyenoughtomaintainlife.
9）eventually:
ad.atlast,intheend
*Withthegreatsupportfromhisfather,GeorgeBushJr.eventuallyrosetothepositionofPresident.
历史证明了正义终将获胜。
（=Historyhasprovedthatjusticewilleventuallyprevail.）
10）discard:
vt.getridof
（=Thelibraryhasrecentlydiscardedaround1,000socialsciencebooksbecausetheyareterriblyoutofdate.）
母亲从来不忍心丢弃我小时候的旧玩具。
（=Mother
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