高中英语轻轻教育专项分类总结学习巩固定语从句中的缩略形式doc.docx
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高中英语轻轻教育专项分类总结学习巩固定语从句中的缩略形式doc
讲义基本信息
知识点
定语从句的缩略形式
编码
H4
学段
高中
科目
英语
难度
中等
版本号
修订人
审核人
修订时间
V0.1
熊为敏
查天恩
2017.12.28
定语从句中的缩略形式
现在分词短语和过去分词短语像定语从句一样具有形容词性质，可以修饰名词。
因此，当定语从句由关系代词作主语时，下列情况常可将其缩略成现在分词短语、过去分词短语或同位语等形式。
先行词和关系代词是老冤家，定语从句的省略，都是省略关系代词（而不是省略先行词）。
由于定语从句喜欢用支离破碎的省略形态出现，致使文中到处充斥着doing/done。
下面就时态来将定语从句的缩略分类
1）从句是现在或过去进行时，可直接用现在分词短语表示
现在进行时Thegirlwhoiswaitingatthebusstopismysister.
Thegirlwaitingatthebusstopismysister.
过去进行时Themenwhowereworkingonthesitedidn’tknowthedanger.
Themenworkingonthesitedidn’tknowthedanger.
2）从句谓语是行为动词的一般现在时或一般过去时，可直接用该行为动词的现在分词形式表示。
一般现在时Themanwholivesnearmyhomewalkstoworkeveryday.
Themanlivingnearmyhomewalkstoworkeveryday.
一般过去时Peoplewhoworkedtheregotaraiselastyear.
Peopleworkingtheregotaraiselastyear.
3）从句谓语由“be+过去分词”构成，可直接用过去分词表示
一般现在时的被动语态Thewordsthatareunderlinedinredhaveerrors.
Thewordsunderlinedinredhaveerrors.
一般过去时的被动语态Theboywhowasattackedbyadogwastakentohospital.
Theboyattackedbyadogwastakentohospital.
1）非限制性定语从句的缩略形式仍应该用逗号与主句分开
Anderson,whowasdreamingofbecominganactor,wenttocopenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark.
Anderson,dreamingofbecominganactor,wenttoCopenhagen,thecapitalofDenmark.
Theinvitation,whichwassentbyGeorge,shouldpleaseMary.
Theinvitation,sentbyGeorge,shouldpleaseMary.
2）从句由be+名词或形容词构成，直接用名词或形容词表示
从句由名词作表语
MarieCurie,whowasawinneroftheNobelPrize,discoveredradium.
MarieCurie,awinneroftheNobelPrize,discoveredradium.
形容词作表语
Andersonwasawriterwhoisfamousforhisfairytales.
Andersonwasawriterfamousforhisfairytales.
句型转换
将以下句子中含有分词的成分改成从句：
1.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee’sreportreleasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontracts.
2.DuetothesignificantprogressmadeinChineseeducation,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostfavoredplacesforoverseasstudents.
3.Inasense,thetimeandmoneyspentontheirhairisn’tjusttheexerciseofpersonalpreferences.
4.Meanwhile,brunettesdepictedascompetentandred-hairedwomenarebelievedtobe“fiery.”
5.InmanyEuropeanversions,forexample,thewolffeedsRedRidingHoodamealmadefromtheremainsofhergrandmother.
6.Itistheclaimthatthemedicineintendedforthosemiddle-agedtakesinstanteffectanddoesnoharmtothebodythatmakesitsellwell.
7.Itisthethirdtimethatthestudentmajoringinhistoryhasbeencaughtcheatinginexams.
8.ExploringacademiccollectionsforvariantsofthesetwotalesandsimilarstoriesfromAfrica,EastAsiaandotherregions,heendedupwith58storiesrecordedfromoraltraditions.
9.Companies,bothbornindigitaleraandtraditionalworldareshowingofftheirskillsindatascience.
10.Themostimportantfactorweighingonmanytraditionalcompanieswillbethehighcostoflaunchingaseriousmachine-learningoperation.
11.ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.
12.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.
13.The first textbooks written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
14.The Olympic Games, first held in 776 BC, did not include women competitors until1912.
15.Asthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobeextendedtomaintainitseffectiveness.
1.thatwasreleased
2.thathasbeenmade
3.thatisspent
4.whoaredepicted
5.thatismade
6.thatisintended
7.whomajors
8.thatwererecorded
9.whichwerebothborn
10.10.thatweighs
11.thatis
12.thatshows
13.thatwerewritten
14.thatwerefirstheld
15.thatwasspent
以下从关系代词所做句子成分来分析定语从句的缩略
1、关系代词做宾语的省略
关系代词做动词/介词的宾语时，可以省略，其它成分不受任何影响。
（为求逐步加强对that的掌握，关系代词who/which都改用that。
）
做动词的宾语
Thestudentthatyoujustsawknowstheanswers.
[你才看到的那位学生知道这些答案。
]
=Thestudentyoujustsawknowstheanswers.
做介词的宾语
ThemanthatJohnsoldhiscartoisMr.Smith.
[那位约翰卖车给他的男仕是史密斯先生。
]
=ThemanJohnsoldhiscartoisMr.Smith.
若介词移位则关系代词不可省略。
（）ThemantowhomJohnsoldhiscarisMr.Smith.
（）ThemantoJohnsoldhiscartoisMr.Smith.
2、关系代词做主语的省略
关系代词做主语时，若省略关系代词，后面的动词do要改为doing（若改出being须一并省略）。
Isawafishthatweighedthirtypounds.
=Isawafishweighingthirtypounds.
[我看到一条重达30磅的鱼。
]
ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryisJack.
=ThemanbeingtalkingwithMaryisJack.
=ThemantalkingwithMaryisJack.
[正在跟玛莉谈话的男仕是杰克。
]
ThetoysthataremadeinChinaareverygood.
=ThetoysbeingmadeinChinaareverygood.
=ThetoysmadeinChinaareverygood.
[这些中国制的玩具非常好。
]
说好的要改为doing，怎么上面例句改出了done（made）？
都是is/are在搞鬼，所以，有必要把定语从句和状语从句转换涉及到的省略分开详尽说明。
2-1、定语从句和现在分词转换相关的缩略
省略关系代词，后面do改为doing。
通常适用于一瞬间就分晓的动词如weigh,cost,finish等等。
瞬间分晓的动词
Hewroteasentencethatcontainedarelativeclause.
=Hewroteasentencecontainingarelativeclause.
[他写了一个包含定语从句的句子。
]
瞬间动词如finish[完成],complete[完成],weigh[重],
cost[值]等，一露面就达成任务了，所以没有进行式。
这类动词必须体会而不能死记。
一般动词但本意并非进行式
Someanimalsthatliveinthesnowarewhite.
=Someanimalslivinginthesnowarewhite.
[有些逐雪而居的动物，外型是白色的。
]
动词live可以有进行式，但thatliveinthesnow是表
达习性，所以用现在一般式，这种情况下就可比照。
3-2-2、定语从句和分词转换相关be动词的缩略
省略关系代词，再把be改为being后继续省略，由于be后面常接doing/done，因此省略“关系代词＋be”后，先行词就紧接出doing/done，如下：
省略后出现doing
ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryisMr.Smith.
=ThemantalkingwithMaryisMr.Smith.
[正在跟玛莉谈话的男仕是史密斯先生。
]
Thehorsethatisrunningtowardtheriveriswhite.
=Thehorserunningtowardtheriveriswhite.
[那匹奔向河边的马是白色的。
]
Thehorsethatisrunningisverydangerous.
=Therunninghorseisverydangerous.
[正在奔驰的马是很危险的。
]
running变成单个字的形容词，要移到horse前面。
省略后出现done
ThecomputersthataremadeinChinaareinexpensive.
=ThecomputersmadeinChinaareinexpensive.
[这些中国制的电脑物美价廉。
]
Thecarthatwasdamagedbythestormwassoldforjunk.
=Thecardamagedbythestormwassoldforjunk.
[这辆暴风雨中受损的车被当作废料卖掉了。
]
Thecarthatwasdamagedwassoldforjunk.
=Thedamagedcarwassoldforjunk.
[这部受损的车被当作废料卖掉了。
]
damaged变成单个字的形容词，要移到car前面。
选择题
1. The meeting ______________next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’ mental health.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. having been held
2. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company_____ as 3M.
A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known
4.the ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank with its passengers.
A. hitting. B. hit. C. hitted. D. to hit.
5.Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door.
A. waiting. B. waits. C. waited. D. to wait.
6.There is a big dog____ to a tree outside the house.
A. tying. B. tied. C. to tie. D. ties.
7.The Olympic Games___ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing
8. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
9. What’s the language____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
10. If the building project _________by the end of this month is delayed, the construction
company will be fined.
A. is completed B. to be completed C. being completed D. completed
11. The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.（08hunan）
A being blown down B blown down C blowing down D to blow down
12.It is one of the funniest things_____on the Internet this year. （08zhejinang）
A finding B being found C to find D found
13.The flowers _____ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A to smell B smelling C smelt D to be smelt
14.The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most famous building at that time.
A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed
15.Astudy______inthejournalofattentiondisordersinFebruarysuffersfromsomeshortcomings,butisatleastarandomizedcontrolledtrial,usingactigraphs（活动记录仪）________onthewristtoobjectivelymeasuresleep.
A.publishedwearingB.publishingwearing
C.publishedwornD.publishingworn
翻译以下词组
1. The book ___________________ （一本农民写的书） is very popular.
2. The ceremony（典礼）____________________（正在大厅举行的）is in memory of the hero.
3.The problem _________________________（在昨天会议上提出的） was very difficult to solve.
4.Thewindow___________________________________（被那个男孩打破的） is being repaired
5. The people ________________________________________（暴露在阳光下的） got sunburnt.
6.The students _________________________（受到老师鼓舞的）worked harder than ever before.
7. The scientists ______________________________________（在这儿工作的） are well paid.
8.The house _______________________（那边正在建的） at present are meant for the victims of the earthquake.
9. Recently a survey _____________________________（ 比较不同超市相同物品价格的）has caused heated debate among citizens.
10. Prices of daily goods _________________________（电脑购买的） can be lower than store prices.
用省略关系词的方式翻译以下句子
1.奇怪的是，这些年轻人对这些我们都耳熟能详的歌曲却一无所知。
（know）（普陀2014一模）
2.随着电影《星际穿越》（interstellar）的发行，人们越来越意识到地球所面临的环境危机，从而开始一起行动起来去拯救地球。
（With）（青浦2015二模）
3.自从有了互联网，消费者足不出户就可以轻松买到各种心仪的商品。
（access）（普陀2015二模）
4.申请材料需精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。
（inorderthat）（2015上海高考）
5.他不
升级会员 