专题一 名词代词冠词.docx
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专题一名词代词冠词
第一部分 语法知识
专题一 名词、代词、冠词
挖命题
【考情探究】
考点
年份
题型
考点统计
课标全国Ⅰ
课标全国Ⅱ
课标全国Ⅲ
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2018
2017
2016
名词
语篇型
填空
causes
(cause)
effects
(effect)
attrac-
tion
(attract)
days
(day)
paintings
(painting)
changes
(change)
pollution
(pollute)
crowds
(crowd)
introdu-
ction
(introd-
uce)
achieve-
ment
(achieve)
studies
(study)
ability
(able)
scientist
(science)
education
(educate)
invitations
(invita-
tion)
develop-
ment
(develop)
短文
改错
chicken
→
chickens
word
→
words
honest
→
honesty
airs
→
air
year
→
years
Friday’s
→
Friday
sort→
sorts
informa-
tions→
informa-
tion
knowle-
dges→
knowle-
dge
parent→
parents
hour→
hours
mistake
→
mistakes
year→
years
代词
语篇型
填空
it
its(it)
its(it)
it
me或
mine(I)
them
(they)
短文
改错
another
→
other
加my
our→
his
your→
our
much→
many
us→me
all→
both或
删除all
your→our
how→
what
many→
much
加his
myself→
my
加this
your→
my
yourself
→
myself
加I
冠词
语篇型
填空
(as)
a
(result)
the
(other)
the
(most
outstan-
ding)
(over)the
(past25
years)
(over)
the
(top)
(for)a
(while)
the
(most
modern)
(at)the
(topof
her
lungs)
a
短文
改错
加the
加the
the→a
加the
your→
the
加a
the→
a
a→an
/one
加the
a→the
去掉the
myself
→
the
加the
去掉the
分析解读 1.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于名词的考查集中在:
(1)名词的基本用法
1)名词的“数”。
要求学生具备以下能力:
①在语境中识别哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词的能力;
②在语境中识别哪些名词需用复数形式的能力;
③掌握名词变复数规则的能力。
2)名词的“格”。
要求考生掌握:
①名词所有格的基本构成(‘s,of及双重所有格)及其用法;
②判断哪些情况用名词直接作定语,哪些情况用名词所有格作定语。
(2)名词构词法。
要求考生具备以下能力:
①根据句子结构判断设空处是否应该用名词形式的能力;
②掌握名词构词法知识的能力。
2.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于代词的考查集中在:
(1)人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。
要求考生具备根据句子结构判断设空处的句法功能的能力,即根据语境判断设空处填人称代词的主格或宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或反身代词。
(2)不定代词。
要求考生掌握易混不定代词的用法,如:
one,another,theother,some,others,theothers的用法辨析、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法辨析、many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的用法辨析等。
(3)it的用法。
要求考生不仅掌握it,its作人称代词、物主代词的基本用法还要掌握it作形式主语、形式宾语以及在强调句中的用法。
3.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对于冠词的考查集中在:
(1)冠词的基本用法,即冠词可以表示泛指、特指的用法;
(2)冠词的习惯用法。
如:
2018课标全国Ⅲ语篇型填空考查了atthetopofone’slungs这一习语;2015课标全国Ⅱ及2014课标全国Ⅰ语篇型填空都考查了形容词最高级前加the的用法。
4.对于冠词、代词的考查仍然会成为高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。
在有些语篇型填空中,对冠词的考查往往不给出提示词。
5.对于名词的考查,尤其是对名词的“数”及名词构词法的考查仍会成为以后高考的热点。
破考点
【考点集训】
考点一 名词
题组一 名词的基本用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2019届河北深州中学三次月考,67)Now,nearly500acresofsandisbeingturnedintofarmsproducingcorn, (tomato)andsunflowers.
答案 tomatoes
2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,59)Calligraphyhasinfluencedtheworldwidelyandhasevenbeenintroducedtomanyneighboring (country).
答案 countries
3.(2018东北三省三校一模,68)Anothersurveyhasfoundthattheentirewallwithallofits (branch)measures21,196km.
答案 branches
4.(2018陕西榆林一模,64)Thesecertain (member)oftheupperclassbegantochangethewayChristmaswascelebratedinAmerica.
答案 members
5.Afewdollarscanhelptofilla (child)hungrystomach.
答案 child’s
Ⅱ.单句改错
6.HeusuallygoestoseehisparentsonSaturday’sevening.
答案 Saturday’s→Saturday
7.(2018黑龙江哈三中一模)Someofusalsomadeapublicspeechtotellpeoplesomeknowledgesaboutprotectingtheenvironment.
答案 knowledges→knowledge
题组二 名词构词法
1.(2019届吉林省实验中学三次月考,61)IwastravelinginasmallplaceinNewYork.Thatplacehadnotaxiforashort (distant).
答案 distance
2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,62)Oncethebrushmovementhesitates,ablackmarkiscreated,sospeed, (strong)andagility(敏捷)istheessenceoffineartwork.
答案 strength
3.(2018东北三省三校一模,64)Apartfromdefense,otherpurposesoftheGreatWallhaveincludedbordercontrol,the (encourage)oftradeandthecontrolofimmigration.
答案 encouragement
4.(2018陕西宝鸡质检,64)In1962,RachelCarson’sbest-sellingbook“SilentSpring”createdan (aware)ofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(农药).
答案 awareness
5.(2018内蒙古包头一模,44)SeniorexpertsfromUNESCOwereamazedatitsuniquenaturalscenery,nearperfectecosystem,andcreative (combine)ofnatureandhumanism.
答案 combination
6.(2017辽宁沈阳东北育才学校二模,62)Iwanttoseethepeoplewhose (kind)andcompanyhavemademylifeworthliving.
答案 kindness
7.(2017辽宁抚顺重点高中协作校一模,68)Insteadoflettingcircumstancescontrolanddefeatyou,usethemtopushyouinto (act)sothatyoucanchangeyourpresentsituation.
答案 action
考点二 代词
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2019届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中一次月考,68)Moreandmorepeoplearewillingtoshoponlinetogetwhattheywant,andIamoneof (they).
答案 them
2.(2019届河北大名一中9月月考,68)WhenyoucometoZhangjiajie,youcanfullyappreciate (it)magnificentnaturalsceneryandexperienceappealingfolkcustomaswellasotherthrillingtouristactivities.
答案 its
3.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模,69)InaWeibopost,hethankednetizensfor (they)loveandpraise.
答案 their
4.(2018吉林长春一模,64)Inhisletter,Jinintroduced (he)andYiwu.
答案 himself
5.(2018甘肃天水一中一模,50)Wecanovercometheproblemsthatchallengeusorwecanenjoy (we)byavoidingalldifficulties.
答案 ourselves
Ⅱ.单句改错
6.(2018陕西宝鸡质检)Peoplealwayscomplainaboutourworries,andagoodlistenershouldlistentothemandlearntocomfortthem.
答案 our→their
7.(2018甘肃兰州二模)Ithinkthisnecessaryforusteenagerstolearnhowtorespectandtakecareoftheothers,especiallytheold.
答案 this→it
8.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreusedit’swater,westillwouldnothaveenoughwater.
答案 it’s→its
考点三 冠词
题组一 冠词的基本用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2019届江西红色七校一联,62)EverymovementinTaiChirepresents importantpartofoldChinesephilosophy—harmony.
答案 an
2.(2018内蒙古包头一模,45)Ithas areaof9,653squarekilometers,andanaveragerainfallof1,200—1,600mm.
答案 an
3.(2018宁夏银川一中一模,66)Threebecamepoliticalleaders;threebecamedoctors;themostfamousgraduatebecame universityteacherandwasresponsiblefortheintroductionofmodernteachingmethodsinhiscountry.
答案 a
4.(2017新疆乌鲁木齐二诊,69)Thepastcannotbechanged. presentisstillinyourpower.
答案 The
Ⅱ.单句改错
5.(2018东北三省三校一模)Thelastthingwastogoonhelicopterride.
答案 on后加a
6.(2018宁夏银川一中一模)Sincethen,myparentshaveseldomcomeintomyroomandIhavehadaprivacycompletely.
答案 删除a
题组二 冠词的习惯用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2019届吉林长春市实验中学第三次月考,69)In countrysideinHebeiProvince,peoplewouldfetchwaterfromawellatdawn.
答案 the
2.(2019届陕西渭南中学第三次质量检测,45)Allof sudden,astudentrushedinandpushedheraside.
答案 a
3.Thesoundofthecardiedawayin distance.
答案 the
4.Eatingchocolateoncein whilemakesiteasierforyoutoresisteatingitallthetime.
答案 a
Ⅱ.单句改错
5.Heturnedascientistattheageof25.
答案 去掉a
6.(2018甘肃天水一中二模)Lastly,youshouldremembertotakesomefoodforthelunchbecausewe’llstaythereandchatwiththematnoon.
答案 删除the
7.Intheword,itishightimewetreasuredourownvaluableculture.
答案 the→a
过专题
【五年高考】
考点一 名词
1.(2018天津,6)The (possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.
答案 possibility
2.(2018江苏,32)Trytounderstandwhat’sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe (assume)you’vemade.
答案 assumption
3.(2017江苏,34)Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butalternative (explain)arehardtofind.
答案 explanations
4.(2016浙江,4)Itisimportanttopayyour (electric)billontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.
答案 electricity
5.(2016江苏,24)—Canyoutellusyourrecipefor (happy)andalonglife?
—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.
答案 happiness
6.(2015江苏,32)Someschoolswillhavetomake (adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.
答案 adjustments/adjustment
7.(2015江苏,35)—Goandsaysorrytoyourmom,Dave.
—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmy (apologize).
答案 apology/apologies
8.(2015浙江,15)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce (stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.
答案 stress
9.(2015安徽,30)Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome (think)andthenletmeknow.
答案 thought
10.(2014安徽,29)—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?
—That’sagood (suggest).
答案 suggestion
考点二 代词
1.(2017天津,11) waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.
答案 It
2.(2016浙江,3)Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom intheUK.
答案 that
3.(2015天津,2)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan insomelargerschools.
答案 that
4.(2015浙江,12)Howwouldyoulike ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?
答案 it
5.(2015重庆,2)ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but knowsthedateforsure.
答案 nobody
6.(2015陕西,13)Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe .
答案 other
7.(2015四川,10)Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,but isusefultomyknowledge.
答案 none
8.(2014大纲全国,25)—Who’sthatatthedoor?
— isthemilkman.
答案 It
9.(2014山东,4)Susanmade cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.
答案 it
10.(2014重庆,1)Asmilecosts ,butgivesmuch.
答案 nothing/little
考点三 冠词
1.(2016浙江,2) prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis two-weekholidayinParis.
答案 The;a
2.(2015浙江,2)Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowriteachildren’sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin way.
答案 the
3.(2015重庆,3)Ijustheard bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby gunmanwearingamask.
答案 the;a
4.(2015四川,5)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobe Beethoven.
答案 a
5.(2014天津,8)Lifeislike ocean:
Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.
答案 an
6.