专题1名词与代词.docx
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专题1名词与代词
1.1名词
职业类名词
Doctorteacherfarmerdriverpoliceman
Reporterengineer
疾病类名词
Coldheadachetoothachefevercough
食品类名词
Breadricenoodlejuiceteasandwich
抽象类名词
Weightcourageprogress
successtroubletruthmemory
其它常考名词
Mistakeproblemactivitydecisionquestion
1.2.1可数名词变复数形式
一般情况下加s
Book-bookseye-eyesdoctor-doctors
以x,s,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾加es
Bus-buseswatch-watchesbox-boxesbrush-brushes（刷子）
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，改y为i再加es
City-cities
以ffe结尾的词，变ffe为v再加es
Leaf-leaveswife-wiveswolf-wolves
1.2.2可数名词变复数时的不规则变化
1.只改变其元音字母
Man-menwoman-women
Foot-feettooth-teeth
2.单复同行
Sheep-sheepdeer-deerfish-fish
3.其它特殊的变化
Child-childrenmouse-mice
4.国家
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
American-Americans
Australian-Australian
German-Germans
注：
名词作定语修饰名词时，只用将后面被修饰的名词变为复数即可
如：
twobasketballheroestwoappletrees
但如果定语是man或woman,则变为twomendoctors（两个同时变复数）
例1.EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo_d__fromJanuary1st,2016
A．boyB.girlC.childD.children
例2.MyEnglishteachergavemesome__a_onlearningEnglish.
A.adviceB.messageC.wayD.notebook
2.所有格
2.1名词所有格
在有生命的名词后面加‘s
Myfather’sjob
mysister’sclothes
以s结尾的复数形式后面加’
Teachers’day
Myparents’photo
如果复数形式不以s结尾，也要加‘s
Children’sdayWomen’sday
2.2of结构所有格
无生命的所有格形式要用of结构来表示
amapofworld
theendofthispassage
thecapitalofourcountry
2.3双重所有格
1.表示二者一起拥有A+B’s
ThisisSusanandAmy’sroom.
2.分别拥有A‘s+B’s
TheseareSusan’sandAmy’sroom.
Eg.3Ilivenearthestation,It’sonlyaboutfive__d_walk.
A.minuteB.minutesC.minute’sD.minutes’
Eg.4__b__fathercan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetoCanada.
A.JackandTomB.JackandTom’sC.Jack’sandTom’sD.Jack’sandTom
3.代词
3.1人称代词
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
Me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
she
her
they
them
he
him
it
it
（主格通常作为句子的主语，宾格通常作为句子的宾语）
Iamhappy.（I作为句子主语）
Pleausetellhimtogotoschoolintime.（him作为句子宾语）
Eg.5Animalsareourfriendssoweshouldhelp____liveinpeace.
A.themB.itC.theyD.we
eg.6Mymotherisadoctor.___likesherjobverymuch.
A.HerB.SheC.HimD.He
3.2物主代词
单数
复数
形容词性
名词性
形容词性
名词性
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
your
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
her
its
Its
（形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
例：
Dothebookisyours?
-yes,thisismybook.
=yes,thisismine.）
Eg.7I’moldenoughtowash____clothesbymyself.Youcanjustwash___.
A.my;yours.B.my;yourC.mine;yoursD.me;your
Eg.8-Mike,canIborrowyourdictonary?
Ilost____yesterday.
-Sure,hereyouare.
A.mineB.myC.meD.yours
3.3反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
Himselfherselfitself
复数
ourselves
yourself
themselves
Eg.9Hewasproudof________aftertheswimmingcompetitionlastSaturday.（he）
3.4指示代词
单数
复数
用法
This这，这个
these这些
指代说话近的人或物
That那，那个
Those那些
指代说话远的人或物
一般疑问句的回答：
-Isthis/that………?
-Yes,itis.
-Arethere/those……?
-Yes,theyare.
在电话用语中，要用that代指“你”，用this代指“我”
-Hello,thisisVicky.Whoisthatspeaking?
-ThisisTony.
Eg.9Bob,canyouseetheboyoverthere?
___c___aremycousins.
A.TheyB.TheseC.ThoseD.Them
3.5it的用法
1.代指上文中提到的this或that
-IsthisisMike’spencil?
-Yes,itis.
2.代指抽象事物
-Youhelpmealot.Ishallneverforgetit.
3.代指婴儿或身份未知的人。
Someoneisknockingonthedoor.Let’sgotoseewhoitis.
4.代指天气、距离、时间等
It’slongtimesincetheyleft.
5.作形式主语或形式宾语
IfounditboringtowatchTV.
Itiseasierforyoutoturnthelighton.
itonethat的区别
it
表特指，指上文中提到的同一事物
-Yourdigitalwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuyit？
Iwanttobuyone,too.
one
表泛指，指代前面提到的同类事物中的一个，同类不同物
-Ican’tfindthemagazineIboughtthismorning.
-Well,Jackisreadingoneoverthere.Whynotgotoseeifitisyours?
that
多用于比较级than后，为了避免重复，用that指代前面提到的人或物
TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.
Eg.10Iwantabookforalongtime,butmomhavenottimetobuy_a_forme.
A.oneB.itC.thatD.this
Eg.11-Doyouseemywatch?
Ilost___intheclassroomyesterday.
-Not,Idon’t.
A.oneB.itC.thatD.this
Eg.12Thebookssoldinbookstoreismoreexpensivethan____soldinInternet.
A.oneB.itC.thatD.this
3.5常考的易混的不定代词
some
some肯定句
I’dlikesomedrink.
any
any否定句与疑问句
Idon’twantanydrink.
（表示邀请、要求、请求或期待得到肯定回答的疑问句中要用some）
Wouldyoulikesometea?
many
many+[C]
manyflowers
much
much+[u]
muchhomework
Few
Afew
Little
Alittle
1.few/afew+[C]
Little/alittle+[u]
2.afew/alittle肯定句
Few/little否定句
Both
Both-两者都
（常与and连用）
BothheandIwillgotothecampthisholiday.
all
All-三者或三者以上的都
Allthestudentsofourclassroomgotagoodscoreinthistest.
either
Either-两者中的任何一个（either…or…或…）
Eitherofthemcandothisworkwell.
EitheryouorshewillgotoJapan.
neither
Neither-两者都不（neither…nor既不…也不…）
Heansweredneitheroftheletters.
NeitherhenorIamwelleducated.
none
None-三者或三者以上的都不
Noneoftheclasswanttogohiking.
other
Other+[u]/[c]
Otherpencils
otherstudents
othertea
Theother
特指两者中的另一个
One…theother…
Wewillhavetwofamilypartiesthisyear.OneisinMayandtheotherisinJuly.
another
三者或三者以上的另一个
Thisdressisdirty,pleausechangeanotheroneforme.
others
Others=other+n.
Theothers
特指其余的所有人或物
Eg.13-Whichofthesetwobookswillyoutake?
-I’lltake____.Ineedthemtokilltimeonmyjourney.
A.eitherB.allC.bothD.neither
Eg.14Childrenshouldlearnhowtogetonwellwith_____.
A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another
eg.15-Whichdoyouprefer?
Coffeeortea?
-____,thank.Justsomewater,please.
A.NeitherB.NoneC.AllD.Both
3.6复合不定代词
肯定句
否定句或疑问句
表示否定（没有）
表示全部（所有）
指人
Somebody
Anybody
Nobody
everybody
指人
Someone
Anyone
Noone
Everyone
指事或物
Something
Anything
Nothing
Everything
注：
1.复合不定代词somethingeveryonenobody等做主语时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。
EverybodysaysImustbemad.
2.形容词修饰上述词时，形容词要后置。
Ithinkthere’ssomethingwrongwiththephone.
Eg.16MarywantedtohaveawordwithTom.Shehad____totellhim.
A.somethingimportantB.importantsomething
C.anythingimportantD.importantanything
Exercise1
1.Susanwantstoloseweight,sosheeatslittleor____forsupper.
A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything
2.Asajuniorhighschoolstudent,weshouldn’tdependtoomuchon___parents.Weshoulddosomethingby_____.
A.myselfB.ourselvesC.themselvesD.itself
3.Thereis____inthebook.Ithinkit’sveryboring.
A.somethinginterestingB.interestingsomething
C.nothinginterestingD.interestingnothing
4.Isthisyourfather’scar?
-No,___carisblack.
A.HeB.HimC.HimselfD.His
5.Howtimeflies!
Itistwo____sincewemetlast.
-Soitis.Imissyousomuch.
A.monthB.monthesC.monthsD.month’s
6.IsthisPadyours?
-Yes.Myparentsbought___formelanguagelearning.
A.oneB.itC.thatD.this
7.CanIcometodayortomorrow?
-____isOK.Iambusytodayandtomorrow.
A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.Each
8.Whichofthetwoshirtswouldyouliketochoose?
-Both.Iwanttogiveonetomymotherandleave____tomyself.
A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theother
9.Cammiwassoexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon____day.
A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s
10.OldMrBlacklivehappilywithhisthreedogs.____ofthemarepartofhisfamily.
A.BothB.NoneC.EachD.All
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