1984版人教英语.docx
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1984版人教英语
1.HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES
KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFrance.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.
MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschool.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastoolimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimprovedit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper.Infact,hisEnglishinoneofthesearticleswassogoodthatEngelswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit.MarxwrotebacktosaythattheEngel’spraisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.
However,hewentontoexplainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings-thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.
Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.Intheyearsthatfollowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks.TheCivilWarinFrance,hehadmasteredthelanguagesowellthathewasabletowritethebookinEnglish.
Inthel870s,whenManwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.
Inoneofhisbooks,Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.Hesaidwhenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage,theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredWhentheyusetheforeignlanguage,theyshouldtrytoForgerallabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreallylearnedthespiritoftheforeignlanguageandcannotuseitfreely.
LESSON1 HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES
马克思怎样学习外语
KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFrance.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.
MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschool.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastoolimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimproveit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper. Infact,hisEnglishinoneofthesearticleswassogoodthatEngelswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit. MarxwrotebacktosaythatEngels'praisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.However,hewentontoexplainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings--thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.
Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.Intheyearsthatfollowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks,TheCivilWarinFrance,hehadmasteredthelanguagesowellthathewasabletowritethebookinEnglish.
Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.
Inoneofhisbooks,Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage. Hesaidwhenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage,theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredit.Whentheyusedtheforeignlanguage,theyshouldtrytoforgetallabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreallylearnedthespiritoftheforeignlanguageandcannotuseitfreely.
LESSON2 ATHOMEINTHEFUTURE
未来的家
Amedicalexaminationwithoutadoctorornurseintheroom?
Doingshoppingathome?
Borrowingbooksfromthelibrarywithoutleavingyourhome?
Theseideasmayseemstrangetoyou.Butscientistsareworkinghardtoturnthemintorealities.
Letussupposewecanvisitahomeattheendofthiscentury.WewillvisitaboynamedCharlieGreen.Heisnotfeelingwellthismorning.Hismother,MrsGreen,wantsthedoctortoseehim.Thatis,shewantsthedoctortolistentohim.ShebringsasetofwirestoCharlie'sroom.Thesewiresarecalledsensors.Sheplacesonesensorinhismouthandoneonhischest.Sheputsanotheronearoundhiswristandoneonhisforehead.Thensheplugsthesensorsintoawalloutlet.Shesaysthecode"TCP".Thismeans"telephonecallplaced."Alittlelightflashesonthewall.TheGreen'swirelesstelephoneisreadyforacall.
MrsGreensays"2478",thedoctor'stelephonenumber.Fromaspeakeronthewallcomesthedoctor'svoice:
"Goodmorning."
"Goodmorning,DrScott,"answersMrsGreen."Charlieisn'tfeelingtoowellthismorning.I'veputthesensorsonhim.Iwonderifyoucanexaminehimnow."
"Sure,"thedoctor'svoicesays."Well,hedoesn'thaveafever.Andhispulseisfine.Now,breathedeeply,Charlie."
Charliedoesso.
"Justalittlecold,"saysthedoctor."Betterstayinsidetoday,Charlie.Andtakeiteasy."
"Thankyou,Doctor,"saysMrsGreen."TCC(telephonecallcompleted)."Thelightonthewallturnsoff.Thephonecallandtheexaminationarefinished.
"Charlie,"saysMrsGreen,"sinceyouhavetostayathome,whydon'tyoudosomeshopping?
Youcanpickoutyournewbicycle.Afterall,yourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway."
"Great,"Charlieanswers.
Charlieandhismothersitinfrontofoneofthevisionphones.Thereareseveralintheirhouse.
"TCP,"saysCharlie.Thewordreadyappearsonthescreenofthevisionphone.
"NewForestBicycleShop,"avoicesays."MayIhelpyou?
"
Charlieanswers,"I'dliketoseeyourten-speedbicycles."
Inthenextfewminutes,picturesofmanymodelsofthebicyclesareflashedonthecreen.Thepriceofeachmodelisalsoshown.
Thenthevoiceasks,"Areyouinterestedinanyofthesemodels?
"
"Yes,I'minterestedinmodel6."
"Doyouwishtoplaceanorderatthistime?
"
"Notjustyet,"answersMrsGreen."Myson'sbirthdayisintwoweeks'time.Thankyou.TCC."
Thevisionphoneshutsoff.
Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.
LESSON3 THEBLINDMENANDTHEELEPHANT
盲人和象
OnceuponatimethereweresixblindmenwholivedinavillageinIndia.Everydaytheywenttotheroadnearbyandstoodtherebegging.Theyhadoftenheardofelephants,buttheyhadneverseenone,for,beingblind,howcouldthey?
Onemorninganelephantwasleddowntheroadwheretheystood.Whentheyheardthatanelephantwaspassingby,theyaskedthedrivertostopthebeastsothattheycouldhavea"look".
Ofcoursetheycouldnotlookathimwiththeireyes,buttheythoughttheymightlearnwhatkindofanimalhewasbytouchingandfeelinghim.For,yousee,theytrusttheirownsenseoftouchverymuch.
Thefirstblindmanhappenedtoplacehishandontheelephant'sside."Well,well,"hesaid."Thisbeastisexactlylikeawall."
Thesecondgraspedoneoftheelephant'stusksandfeltit."You'requitemistaken,"hesaid."He'sroundandsmoothandsharp.He'smorelikeaspearthananythingelse."
Thethirdhappenedtotakeholdoftheelephant'strunk."You'rebothcompletelywrong,"hesaid."Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee."
Thefourthopenedbothhisarmstheclosedthemaroundoneoftheelephant'slegs."Oh,howblindyouare!
"hecried."It'sveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree."
Thefifthwasaverytallman,andhecaughtoneoftheelephant'sears."Eventheblindestpersonmustseethatthiselephantisn'tlikeanyofthethingsyouname."hesiad."He'sexactlylikeahugefan."
Thesixthmanwentforwardtofeeltheelephant.Hewasoldandslowandittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall.Atlasthegotholdofthebeast'stail."Oh,howsillyyouallare!
"criedhe."Theelephantisn'tlikeawall,oraspear,orasnake,oratree;neitherishelikeafan.Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope."
Thenthedriverandtheelephantmovedon,andthesixmensatbytheroadsideallday,quarrellingabouttheelephant.Theycouldnotagreewithoneanother,becauseeachbelievedthatheknewjustwhatthebeastlookedlike.
Itisnotonlyblindmenwhomakesuchstupidmistakes.Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.
LESSON4 GALILEOANDARISTOTLE
伽利略和亚里斯多德
About2300yearsago,therelivedinGreeceagreatthinkernamedAristotle.Heobservedthatfeathersfelltothegroundslowly,whilestonesfellmuchfaster.Hethoughtitovercarefullyandconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.Hisconclusioncertainlysoundedreasonale.Butwenowknowthatitisnottrue.
Inthosedayspeopleseldomdidexperimentstotesttheirideas.Whentheyobservedanythingthathappened,theythoughtaboutitandthendrewaconclusion.OnceAristotlemadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.AndbecausehewasAristotle,thegreatthinker,noonequestionedhisideaforalmost2000years.
Then,almost400yearsago,anItalianscientistnamedGalileobegantoquestionAristotle'stheoryoffallingobjects.HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.HedecidedtodosomeexperimentstotestAristotle'stheory.
GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.FromthetopofthetowerGalileodroppedalightballandaheavyballatexactlythesametime.Theybothfellataboutthesamespeedandhitthegroundtogether.Hetriedtheexperimentsagainandagain.Ev