国贸专业 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 不对外国企业抱任何敌意.docx

国贸专业 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 不对外国企业抱任何敌意.docx

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国贸专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献不对外国企业抱任何敌意

原稿

Introduction

ITC:

Notforeignenterprisesholdanyhostility

-Vice-ChairmanoftheU.S.InternationalTradeCommission（ITC）Deanna Tanner, OkunInterview

ForeignTade：

For Chinesecompanies, the U.S.InternationalTrade Commission（ITC） is stillrelativelyunknown.Economicandtradefields, known forChineseenterprises, theMinistryofCommerce.ITC Whatarethedifferences intheirfunctions?

DeannaTannerOkun：

States InternationalTrade Commission（ITC） isa set up byCongress, quasi-judicialfederalagencywithextensivepowerstodealwithtrade-relatedissues.

IntheU.S.,hasthepowerinstitutionsdealingwithtrade-relatedmattersinadditiontotheITCtheU.S.CommerceDepartment.Performtheirdutiesinthecourseoftheinvestigationoftheanti-dumpingandintellectualpropertyrightsinfringement,thedisplaycan.

Ineconomyandtrade,specifically,thedutiesoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommercefindsthatconstitutedumpinganddumpingmargin,ITCismainlysurveydumpingtothedetrimentofdomesticfirmsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition.ITCisaquasi-judicialbody,independentoftheGovernment,specializedagencies,andtradefortheU.S.governmenttoprovideadviceandstatistics.TotakemeasurestomaintainthegeneralmarketrelationsintheUnitedStatesforunfairtradepractices.

Thatis,theITC'smainfunctionsincludethreeparts.ManagementofU.S.traderemedylawsfairandobjectivemanner;tariffs,internationaltradeandcompetitionissuestothePresident,theUnitedStatesTradeRepresentative（USTR）andCongresstoprovideindependent,high-qualityinformationandsupport;maintainingtheU.S.HarmonizedTariffSchedule.Basedontheabove-mentionedfunctions.ITCsixmembersdesignatedbythePresidentandtheSenaterecognizedtheadditionwasdesignatedtofilltheunexpiredvacancy,theappointmenttermofnineyears.ThetermofofficebytheConstitution,theprovisionsofthestaggeredcalculated.Every18months,havedifferentmembershaveretired.Membersoftheofficeformorethanfiveyearsmaynotagainbespecified.Nomorethanthreemembersfromthesamepoliticalparty.ChairmanandVice-Chairmanappointedbythepresidentforatermofthestatutorytwoyears.ThePresidentshallnotformerPresidentfromthesamepoliticalparty.ThePresidentshallappointtwomembersfromthesamepoliticalpartyasChairandVice-Chairman.

ForeignTade：

Then,theITCishowtoperformitsfunctionsfornationalservice?

DeannaTannerOkun：

ITCarefivewaystocarryoutitsfunctionstoservethecountry:

-Importinjuryinvestigation,includingdeterminingtheimportofsomekindofunfairtrade（anti-dumpingorcountervailingdutyinvestigations）andtheincreaseinimports（globalandbilateralsecuritymeasuresfortheinvestigation）tocausedamageorathreatofmaterialinjurytoU.S.industry.

-IP-relatedimportsofinvestigation,includingtheguidetosex,toobeythepresident'sobjectionsagainstcertainunfairpracticesintheimporttrade,suchaspatentortrademarkinfringement.

-Investigationprocedures,includinganobjectiveanalysisofthemajortrade-relatedissues;topredicttheeconomicimpactoftradeagreements;analysisofthespecificcompetitionintheindustry,andtofindwithintheindustryandexternaleconomicfactorsthataffecttheindustrycompetitive.

-TradeinformationservicestotheITC,Congressandtheimplementingagenciesandthepublicdeliveryofreliableandtimelyinformationandanalysisofdatathroughthisservice.

-Tradepolicysupport.ITCstafftoprovidedirecttechnicalsupporttotheUSTR,Congressionalcommittees,inter-departmentalcommittee,andtheU.S.delegationinmultilateraltradeorganizationssuchastheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）.

Authorizationbasedonfieldsurveys.ITCtoexercisethepowersoftheextensiveinvestigationoftrade-relatedissues.

Therighttoexercisejudgment,theITCtomakeadecisioninrespectofcertainunfairtradepractices.Throughresearch.ITCalsobecomethesourceofanationaltradedatacollectionandanalysis,andinformationandanalysisavailabletotheimplementingagenciesandCongresstohelpthemtospecifyanddevelopU.S.tradepolicy.

ForeignTade：

Articlesunderstand,importinjuryinvestigation,anti-dumping/countervailingdutyinvestigations.Thefive-year（sunset）reviewofglobalsecuritymeasurestoinvestigate,andIP-relatedimportsinvestigationtheITCoftenconductedseveralmajorinvestigations.Couldyoutalkaboutthedifferencebetweenthem?

DeannaTannerOkun：

ImportInjuryInvestigation:

ITCreservestherighttodecidebasedonwhethertheU.S.tradelawimportedproductscausedamagetorelatedindustriesfortheUnitedStates,orathreatofinjury.ITC'sinjuryinvestigationintothe13anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutyinvestigations.AndinaccordancewithChapterVIIofthe1930TariffActfive-year（sunset）review;globalsecuritymeasuresunderthe1974TradeAct（Disclaimer）,Chinesesecuritymeasuresmarketdisruptioninvestigation;Accordingtothe1994NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement（NAFTA）,bilateralsecuritymeasurestoinvestigatetheimplementationofAct302;andasurveyconductedinaccordancewithsection22oftheagriculturalAdjustmentAct.

MembersaccordingtothefactsrecordedintherelevantlegalrequirementsandeachsurveytosurveyintoEldamageadecisiononitsviewintoEldamagesurveyannounced.Andsubjecttojudicialreview.

Ineachinvestigation,theITCandinvestigationteam（includinganoversightinvestigatorofaninvestigator,anaccountantorauditor.Aneconomist,abusinessanalystandalawyer）producedacompletethesurveyofthedomesticindustrycompetitivemarketconditionsreport.Committeemembersandtheresearchteamusingavarietyoffactgatheringtechniques,including（butarenotlimitedto）industry-specificquestionnaires,telephoneinterviews,factoryvisits,technicalandmarketexpertsadvice,statementsbytheparties,thepublichearing,andtoreviewtheindustryandmarketliterature.

Ineachsurvey,thesurveyteamtocollectandanalyzeawiderangeofdata,thenanobjectiveandcomprehensivereportsubmittedtotheITC.Thedatainthereportinclude（butarenotlimitedto）industryproductioncapacity,actualproduction,capacityutilization,domesticElgoods,stocks,imports,theUnitedStatesandforeignsupplierbytheshareofU.S.marketshare,laborconditions,workinghours,productivity,wages,paidtotalcompensation,unitlaborcost,pricing,distributionchannels,andrelatedindustriesintheUnitedStatesfinancialdata.Someforeignproductionofrelatedproductsindustrydatacollectionandanalysis.

ITCmembersandofficialsoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,theU.S.customsservice,surveyclientsandtheirlawyers,thepersoninchargeoftheU.S.productioncompany,importer,productbuyerssuchasworkingtogetherinthecourseoftheinvestigationintoEldamage.Inaddition,membersofCongressoftenthroughthehearingparticipatingdamagetotheirviewsandperspectivestothesurveyreport.In2003.MembersofCongressontheimportationmattersrelatedtotheinvestigationofldamageappeared51timesintheITC.

Second,theanti-dumping/countervailingdutyinvestigationsandfive-year（sunset）review:

1930underChapterVIIoftheTariffActoftheU.S.industryintheU.S.marketatlessthanfairvalueinto13sales（dumping）orbenefitfromforeigngovernmentsubsidies（subsidies）torequesttheGovernmentforrelief.Dumpingandsubsidiesareconsideredtobeunfairtradepractices.

Underthelaw,theU.S.DepartmentofCommercedecidedtodumporsubsidiesexist,ifitexists,theamountofdumpingandsubsidies.ITCdecidedtodumpingorsubsidiesforimportedproductsistheU.S.industrytocausesubstantialdamageorsubstantialdamagetothethreat.Ifthetwobodiesontheirrespectiveproblemshavetogiveapositivefinalruling,theCommerceDepartmentwilldumpreleasedthecommandofanti-dumpingdutyorderorsubsidiescountervailingduties.InthefiveyearsafterthepromulgationoftheCommerceDepartmentshouldcanceltheanti-dumpingorcountervailingdutyimposedorder.Orterminationofthemoratorium,unlesstheCommerceDepartmentthattheeliminationoftariffsimposedorderorterminationofthemoratoriumcouldleadtothecontinuationorresumptionofdumpingorsubsidies.ITCatthesametimethattheeliminationoftariffsimposedorderorterminationofdumpingorsubsidiestosuspendtheagreementinthereasonablyforeseeableperiodoftimeislikelytocontinueorstartagain.

In2003.41underChapterVIIoftherequestisputforward.Mostofwhicharedumping（41,35）.Theserequestsincludeawiderangeofproducts,Suchasmalleableironpipefittings,memory,memorymodule,refinedbrownaluminumoxide,ceramicradiocylindricalinsulator,prestressedcementWireRope,fluorescentpalerustinhibitors,watermagneticcut-outs,Colortelevisionreceivers,Wax/resintransferzone,Ethyleneretailbag,Trahydrofurfurylalcohol,Hotcoathanger,Electrolyticmanganesedioxide,Transparentrectangulartube.ITChasalsocompleteda2002'cases.

Third,theglobalsecuritymeasuressurvey:

Accordingtothe1974TradeAct201,importedproductscauseseriousharmorseriousthreatofinjury,thedomesticindustrycanbebroughttotheITCtoreduceimports.

201didnotliketheanti-dumping/countervailingdutyprovisionsoftheTariffAct,astherequirementstoidentifytheexistenceofunfairtradebehavior.IftheITC201investigation,apositivedecision,itwillrecommendtothePresidenttoreduceimportstocompensateforthedamage,easytoadjustthedomesticindustryagainstimportcompetition.The