李乃勇论文.docx

李乃勇论文.docx

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李乃勇论文

编号：

毕业论文

题目：

即席解说语用学：

以2013年NBA总冠军赛为例

PragmaticsofImpromptuCommentaries---ACaseStudyonthe2013NBAChampionshipGame

院（系）：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

学生姓名：

李乃勇

学号：

1000610424

指导教师单位：

英语专业教育系

指导教师：

刘绍忠

职称：

教授

题目类型：

理论研究

实践应用研究

年月日

诚信宣言

我，李乃勇，郑重宣布：

除了参考文献所标明引用的资料和内容之外，本论文不包括有任何已经被其他高等教育机构所接受的学位或学历论文资料，也不包含有其他任何人已经出版的资料内容。

签字：

日期：

年月日

Declaration

I,LiNaiyong,theundersigned,herebydeclarethatthisdoesnotcontainanymaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainanyinstitutionsofhigherlearningandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thisthesisdoesnotcontainanymaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextofthedissertation.

Signed:

Date:

摘要

NBA即席解说就跟NBA比赛本身一样精彩、生动、变化莫测。

解说评论员通过幽默、生动、专业的解说给我们观看NBA比赛的同时带来一场场听觉盛宴。

但是，国外语言学家Blunter认为，语言在具体情境语境中意义会有不同的含义与意义。

同样，NBA即席解说词在不同的语境中，也会发生变化，或具有更多的含义。

因此，从语用学的角度对NBA即席解说词进行研究，探寻一些特殊的语用现象和语言表达，有助于拓宽语用研究领域，丰富解说的语用学，让广大球迷在观赏比赛的时候更好地欣赏比赛。

本文在统计数据时，量化分析NBA即席解说词的一些语用现象的情况下，大体上按照“描述-阐述-评估”这三个步骤探析了这类文体的语用现象。

基于语用语域理论，结合分析研究，我们发现NBA即席解说在表达方式、比赛暂停时的提问、解说词汇运用等都具有不同特点。

具体表现在：

1）在修辞表达方式上，运用比喻、省略、委婉等表达，有利于解说员更好地传达比赛现况；2）暂停时的发问，引导球迷的更多关注，同时留给球迷思考；3）解说词汇运用方面，有引进外来词，有运用缩略词，朗朗上口，更好地表达。

在研究过程中，作者发现有两个方面有待于继续讨论：

第一，解说员存在着解说不当和偏向心理，这会引导一些球迷的反感。

如何加强解说员的业务水准和克服偏向解说，这将会关系到解说效果的发挥；第二，NBA即席解说在中国电视、传媒转播和美国转播的对比和倾向，将更好地使之取长补短、相互借鉴，丰富解说语用学。

关键词：

NBA即席解说;语境;语用

Abstract

ImpromptuNBAcommentaries,isaswonderful,vividandcolorfulasNBAgameitself.WhilewearewatchingtheNBAgames,thecommentatorsbringusaseriesofauditoryfeastthroughhumorous,vividandexpertcommentaries.However,Blunter,aforeignlinguist,believesthat,themeaningoflanguagewillhavedifferentmeaningsandsignificantinthespecificcontextofsituation.Similarly,indifferentcontexts,impromptuNBAcommentarieswillchangeorhavemoremeanings.

ThecurrentstudymadeapragmaticsanalysisonimpromptuNBAcommentaries,aimingtofindsomespecialpragmaticphenomenonandlanguageexpression,whichhelpbroadenresearchfieldofpragmaticandenrichthecommentaryofpragmaticsandletthebroadmassesfansappreciatethegamesinabetterway.

ThestudyadoptedthewayofstatisticstoanalyzetypicalandstrikingpragmaticphenomenonofimpromptuNBAcommentariesandquantifiedtheanalysisbythepresentationofsomestatisticalinformation.Substantiallythispaperfollowedthreeinterminglingsteps:

description—interpretation—evaluation.

Basedontheregistrationofthetheory,theauthorfoundthatimpromptuNBAcommentarieshavedifferentcharacteristicsinexpression,questionsbetweentime-out,theuseincommentaryofvocabulary.Thefindingsarefollows:

1）Ontherhetoricexpressions,Usingmetaphor,ellipsis,euphemisticexpressionandsoon,itwillhelpthecommentortobetterconveythegame；2）Questionsbetweentime-out,willleadthefanstopaymoreattentionandatthesametime,leavethesuspenseforfanstothinkandguess;3）Attheleveloftheuseofcommentary,theintroductionofnewwordsandtheabbreviationwillbegoodforexpression.

Keywords:

impromptuNBAcommentaries;context;pragmatics

Contents

Introduction1

1Researchobjectivesandplan2

1.1Researchobjectives2

1.2Plan3

1.3Scopeofthepresent3

2TheoreticalFrameworks3

2.1Pragmaticsandsportscommentary4

2.1.1Pragmatics4

2.1.2Sportscommentary4

2.1.3Sportscommentator4

2.2Therelationshipbetweenpragmaticsandsportscommentary4

2.3Figuresosspeech5

2.3.1Metaphor5

2.3.2Metonymy5

2.3.3Euphemism5

3LiteratureReview5

3.1Relatedresearchesonimpromptusportscommentaries6

3.2Majorfindingsinpreviousresearches6

3.3Deficienciesinthepastresearches7

3.4Statementoftheresearchquestions7

4MethodologyandDataDescription7

4.1Processofthestylisticanalysis7

4.2Processofdatacollection8

5ResultsandAnalysis8

5.1Synonymy8

5.2Polysemy9

5.2.1Modalparticles10

5.2.2Name11

5.3Metonymy11

5.4Metaphor12

5.4.1Simile12

5.4.2Metaphor12

5.5Nickname13

5.6Slogan13

5.7Irony13

6Conclusions14

Introduction

InChina,basketballmovementhasabroadmassbase,andNBA,theNationalBasketballAssociation,asamodelofprofessionalsportsleagueintheword,representsthehighestlevelintoday’swordbasketballlevel.Asitisoneofthemostpopularsportintheworldtodayandaparadiseforbasketballgeniusyearning,watchingNBAgameshasbeenpopularamongadolescent.However,thegamesareonlyheldintheUnitedStates,thereisonlyoneortwoNBAChinagameswhichbeenheldinChinaduringthesummervacationandtheteamsarejusttwo.ForthevastnumberofNBAfans,itisnoteasytobuyticketstoShanghaiorBeijingtowatchtheNBAChinagameswhicharetheexhibitiongameswithbusinesspromotionandmaybetheteamsarenottheirfavourite,letalonetogotoAmericatowatcharealNBAgame.Therefore,whilewefanswatchtheNBAgamesthroughTVorinternet,impromptuNBAcommentaryonthebasisofthesportscommentaryarisesatthehistoricmoment.ImpromptuNBAcommentaries,isaswonderful,vividandcolorfulasNBAgameitself.WhilewearewatchingtheNBAgames,thecommentatorsbringusaseriesofauditoryfeastthroughhumorous,vividandexpertcommentaries.However,Blunter,aforeignlinguist,believesthat,themeaningoflanguagewillhavedifferentmeaningsandsignificantinthespecificcontextofsituation.Similarly,indifferentcontexts,impromptuNBAcommentarieswillchangeorhavemoremeanings.WiththepurposeofthepointofpragmaticsandtakingtheNBAchampionshipin2013asanexample,thispaperistoanalyzethepragmaticfunctionsofcommentary,studyhowcommentaryplayitfunctioninaspecificsituationanalyzewhichcommentaryhastheimpliedmeaningorindirectspeechact.Whenweanalyzeimpromptucommentarypragmatics,wealwaysconsidercertaincontextualfactors,especiallythebackgroundknowledgeandcontextualknowledge.Forexample,thesamecommentaryofexpressionsaidbyacommentator,thefanswillhavedifferentopinionsandunderstanding,andthesedependontheirawarenessoftheNBAortheknowledgeabouttheNBAlevel.Therefore,inordertohelpthefanstohaveabetterunderstandingofcommentator’simpromptucommentary,tobetterappreciatethegame,understandhumor,implicitandeuphemisticexpressionandimprovetheircommunicativeabilitywhentheywatchtheNBAgamesatthesametime,thispaperfocusontheresearchofimpromptupragmatics.

1Researchobjectivesandplan

1.1Researchobjectives

Commentatorsgiveusfansprofessional,vividandwonderfulcommentariesthoughTVorothernetworkmedia.Theywanttosharethefeelingsandtheprocessofthegameswithus.However,thecommentatorsinadditiontoexplainthegamesanddescribewhatisgongon,theyalsoexpresssomeopinionsaboutthegames.Theycanbecomplain,canbeexpectation,canbedisappointment,canbetheirexcitingfeelingsandsoon.Orthecommentatorsjustwanttoattractthefansandleadsomesuspensetothefans.Thewaysandthefiguresofspeechthecommentatorsusealsowillaffecttheoriginalopinionsandobjectivesofthecommentators.Sothispaperwillfocusonsummarizingthewaysandthefiguresofspeechthecommentatorsuse,explainingsomewaystounderstandthecommentariesandthink,helpingthefanstobetterappreciatethegamesandenrichingcommentarypragmatics.

However,thesystematicresearchoflanguagerelatedtosportshasseldombeenseen,neitherhaveimpromptuNBAcommentaries.ThereisagraduatestudentwhocalledHePingxiangeverwroteapaperTheLanguageoftheNBA:

ALinguisticAnalysisofImpromptuNBACommentaries,butthescopeshewroteistoobigandshedidnotsystematicallyanalyzethecommentariespragmatics.Manylanguageresearchersfixonthelanguageitself,seldominvolvetransdisciplinaryresearch,butthisresearchisfullofcreativity,noveltyandsignificance.Thepresentstudyattemptstomakeupthevacancybecauseitisofgreatimportancetheoreticallyandpractically,whichhelpsexpandresearchscopeonmorepragmaticsandunderstandimpromptucommentaries.Thispaperaimsatfourobjectives.

Firstly,accordingtothepreviousresearches,thepresentstudytriestoextendthescopeoflanguagestudy,betterthepastresearchesandleadtoanewresearchfield.

Secondly,sinceimpromptuNBAcommentarieshavealotofstrikingpragmaticfeaturesascommentariesvarietyandthereisnosystematicresearchaboutit,thepresentstudytriestoshowabothlinguisticandquantitativeanalysissample.

Thirdly,summarizethewaysandthefiguresofspeechthecommentatorsusetohelpthefanstobetterunderstandandthinkandappreciatethegames.ItisashappyandinterestingtolistenandappreciateNBAcommentariesastowatchtheNBAgame,becausethecommentatorscanalwaysraiseexcitingphenomenonandbringtheaudiencetotheclimaxofmoodbyusingdifferentphonologicalfeaturesaccordingtodifferentsituation,butitisnoteasytounderstandeverysentenceforthecharacteristicsoftheNBAgameandcontextofsituationofthislanguagestyle.ThestudysumsupandgeneralizessomespecialpragmaticsfeaturestohelpunderstandandappreciatetheNBAcommentarylanguageforTVaudience.

Fourthly,enrichpragmaticsofimpromptucommentaries,letthosewhowanttostudypragmaticsofimpromptucommentariesfindanexampletotakeasareferenceandfillavacancyofthisfield.

1.2Plan

Theaboveobjectiveswillbecompletedthroughsixchapters.Chapter1isageneralintroductiontothepresentstudyonpragmaticsimpromptuNBAcommentaries.Theobjectivesofthestudyares