大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义.docx

大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义.docx

《大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义.docx（356页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义

大学英语阅读进阶（第四版）讲义

————————————————————————————————作者：

————————————————————————————————日期：

2013哈尔滨工业大学大二英语拓展补充教材（讲义）

大学英语阅读进阶（第四版）

PartⅠTenStepsToImprovingCollegeReadingSkills

1VocabularyinContext

P19example3

Ainterestingsentence:

Iprefertheoccasionaldisturbanceofear-splittingthunder震耳欲聋的totheincessantdrippingofourkitchensink.

P20Line10:

Workingvocabulary:

working/ˈwɜː.kɪŋ//ˈwɝː-/adjective[beforenoun]USEFUL

describesaplan,ideaorknowledgethatisnotcompletebutisgoodenoughtobeuseful基本够用的；尚可应付工作的

Wehaveaworkingtheory/hypothesisaboutwhatcausedthecrash,whichweshalltest.

She'sfluentinFrenchandEnglishandhasaworkingknowledgeofSpanish.

Line12:

shade/ʃeɪd/noun

Slightdifferenceinsth细微的差别

I.ExamplesP21（Thenumbersindicatethenumberofthesentencesoftheexercises）

1.nocturnalnɒkˈtɜː.nəl//nɑːkˈtɝː-/adjectiveformal夜间活动的

happeninginoractiveduringthenight,orrelatingtothenight

nocturnalwanderings/nocturnallight/Mostbatsarenocturnal

2.feathery/ˈfeð.ər.i//-ɚ.i/adjective轻而软的；长有语羽毛的

softordelicate,ormadeofmanyverysmallanddelicatepieces

featheryclouds/foliage/leaves

2.adverse:

/ˈæd.vɜːs/,/-ˈ-//ædˈvɝːs/adjective[beforenoun]

havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

Thematchhasbeencancelledduetoadverseweatherconditions.

3.nausea:

/ˈnɔː.zi.ə/,/-ʒə//ˈnɑː-/noun[U]恶心；作呕

whenyoufeelasifyouaregoingtovomit

Signsoftheillnessincludefever,nauseaandvomiting.

4.euphemism:

juː.fə.mɪ.zəm/noun[CorU]委婉语

awordorphraseusedtoavoidsayinganunpleasantoroffensiveword

'Seniorcitizen'isaeuphemismfor'oldperson'.

offensive/əˈfent .sɪv/adjectiveUPSETTING

1.causingoffence冒犯的；使人恼怒的；得罪人的

Thisprogrammecontainslanguagethatsomeviewersmightfindoffensive.

Oppositeinoffensive

2.unpleasant使人反感的

offensivesmells

5.intoxicated:

/ɪnˈtɒk.sɪ.keɪ.tɪd//-ˈtɑːk.sɪ.keɪ.t ̬ɪd/adjective

1.formaldrunk

Shewaschargedwithdrivingwhileintoxicated.

2.excited,happyandslightlyoutofcontrolbecauseofanexperiencesuchaslove,success,etc陶醉的；极度兴奋的；忘乎所以的

Shewasunderstandablyintoxicatedbyhersuccessinthenationalcompetition.

Practice1:

examplesP22

1.mundane:

/mʌnˈdeɪn/adjective

veryordinaryandthereforenotinteresting单调的；平凡的

Mundanematterssuchaspayingbillsandshoppingforfooddonotinteresther.

2.turmoil:

/ˈtɜː.mɔɪl//ˈtɝː-/noun骚动；混乱

astateofconfusion,uncertaintyordisorder

Thewholeregionisinturmoil.

3.longevity:

/lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti//lɑːnˈdʒev.ə.t ̬i/noun[U]formal

[U]formallivingforalongtime长寿；长命

Towhatdoyouattributeyourlongevity?

4.diversion/da ɪˈvɜː.ʃən//dɪˈvɝː-/noun

（1）[C]somethingthattakesyourattentionawayfromsomethingelse转向；转移

Shopliftersoftenworkinpairs,withonecreatingadiversiontodistracttheshopassistantswhiletheotherstealsthegoods.

（2）（FORMAL）anactivitythatisdoneforpleasure,especiallybecauseittakesyourattentionformsthelse消遣；娱乐

Readingisapleasantdiversion.

5.avocation兴趣；爱好；副业；职业

6.adapt/əˈdæpt/verb

[I]tobecomefamiliarwithanewsituation

Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironments.

Ittookmeawhiletoadapttothenewjob.

[T]tochangesomethingtosuitdifferentconditionsoruses

[+toinfinitive]WehadtoadaptourplanstofitJack'stimetable.

Theplayhadbeenadaptedfor（=changedtomakeitsuitablefor）children.

7.distraught:

dɪˈstrɔːt//-ˈstrɑːt/adjective

extremelyworried,nervousorupset心烦意乱的；忧心如焚的

Themissingchild'sdistraughtparentsmadeanemotionalappealforinformationonTV.

mugging/ˈmʌg.ɪŋ/noun[CorU]行凶抢劫

anactofattackingsomeoneandstealingtheirmoney

Policeareconcernedthatmuggingisontheincrease.

8.cognitive/ˈkɒg.nɪ.tɪv//ˈkɑːg.nɪ.t ̬ɪv/adjective[beforenoun]specialized

connectedwiththinkingorconsciousmentalprocesses认知的

Someofhercognitivefunctionshavebeenimpaired.受损的

cognitivebehaviour/development

9.bizarre/bɪˈzɑːr//-ˈzɑːr/adjective

verystrangeandunusual

abizarresituation/bizarrebehaviour

10.white-collar:

relatingtopeoplewhoworkinoffices,doingworkthatneedsmentalratherthanphysicaleffort

white-collarworkers/unions

Synonyms同义词P23

1.enhance/ɪnˈhɑːnt s//-ˈhænt s/verb[T]

toimprovethequality,amountorstrengthofsomething增强；美化；使…更好

Thesescandalswillnotenhancetheorganization'sreputation.

garlic/ˈgɑː.lɪk//ˈgɑːr-/noun[U]蒜

aplantoftheonionfamilythathasastrongtasteandsmellandisusedincookingtoaddflavour

spaghetti/spəˈget.i//-ˈge-/noun[U]意大利面条

pastamadeintheformoflong,thinthreads

2.flippant:

/ˈflɪp.ənt/adjective（UKinformalflip）

notseriousaboutaserioussubject,inanattempttobefunnyortoappearclever轻率的；轻浮的

aflippantremark/attitude

IthinkshejustthoughtIwasbeingflippant.

3.assuage:

/əˈsweɪdʒ/verb[T]formal缓和；减轻

tomakeunpleasantfeelingslessstrong

Thegovernmenthastriedtoassuagethepublic'sfears.

soothe/suːð/verb[T]ANGER

1.tomakesomeonefeelcalmorlessworried

tosootheacryingbaby

Practice2SynonymsP23

1.disconcert:

/ˌdɪs.kənˈsɜːt//-ˈsɝːt/verb

[IorT]tomakesomeonefeelsuddenlyuncertainandworriedn使不安、困惑、尴尬

Thewholeexperiencehaddisconcertedhim.

2.scrutinize:

/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz//-t ̬ən.aɪz/verb[T]彻底仔细检查

toexaminesomethingverycarefullyinordertodiscoverinformation

Hescrutinizedthemen'sfacescarefully/closely,tryingtoworkoutwhowaslying.

lease/liːs/noun[C]租约；租契

alegalagreementinwhichyoupaymoneyinordertouseabuilding,pieceofland,vehicle,etc.foraperiod

Hehastheflatonalonglease.

fineprint:

inconspicuousdetailsorconditionsprintedinanagreementorcontract,esp.onesthatmayproveunfavorable:

readthefineprintofwhateverloandocumentisshovedunderyournose.极小的字体;（契约中）难懂的条文

3.pragmatic:

/prægˈmæt.ɪk//-ˈmæt ̬-/adjectivemainlyapproving务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的

solvingproblemsinarealisticwaywhichsuitsthepresentconditionsratherthanobeyingfixedtheories,ideasorrules

Inbusiness,thepragmaticapproachtoproblemsisoftenmoresuccessfulthananidealisticone.

4.obscure:

/əbˈskjʊər//-ˈskjʊr/adjectiveNOTKNOWN表述不清楚，晦涩难懂的；费解的

1.notknowntomanypeople

anobscureislandinthePacific/anobscure12th-centurymystic

2.notclearanddifficulttounderstandorsee

Officialpolicyhaschanged,forreasonsthatremainobscure.

Hisanswerswereobscureandconfusing.

5.condone:

/kənˈdəʊn//-ˈdoʊn/verb[T]

toacceptorallowbehaviourthatiswrong纵容；宽恕；原谅

Ifthegovernmentisseentocondoneviolence,thebloodshedwillneverstop.

6.indispensable:

/ˌɪn.dɪˈspent .sə.bl ̩/adjective

Somethingorsomeonethatisindispensableissogoodorimportantthatyoucouldnotmanagewithoutthem

Thisbookisanindispensableresourceforresearchers.

HislongexperienceattheUnitedNationsmakeshimindispensabletothetalks.

7.adversary:

/ˈæd.və.sər.i//ˈæd.vɚ.ser-/noun[C]formal对手；敌手

apersonthatsbisopposedandcompetingwithinanaugumentorabattle

Hesawherashismainadversarywithinthecompany.

8.advent:

/ˈæd.vent/,/-vənt/noun[S]重要人物、事物、事件的）出现，到来

thearrivalofanimportantevent,inventionorperson

LifeinBritainwastransformedbytheadventofthesteamengine.

9.benvolent:

/bɪˈnev.əl.ənt/adjective行善的；慈善的；与人为善的；助人为乐的

（especiallyofapersoninauthority）kindandhelpful

Hewasabenevolentoldman,hewouldn'thurtafly.

Doinggoodratherthanmakingprofit;charitable

publicity/pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti//-ə.t ̬i/noun[U]（媒体的）关注；宣传；报道

theactivityofmakingcertainthatsomeoneorsomethingattractsalotofinterestorattentionfrommanypeople,ortheattentionreceivedasaresultofthisactivity

Heattractedalotofadverse/badpublicitywithhisspeechaboutunmarriedmothers.

10.prevalent:

/ˈprev.əl.ənt/adjective

existingverycommonlyorhappeningoftenataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的

Thesediseasesaremoreprevalentamongyoungchildren.

Treesaredyinginareaswhereacidrainismostprevalent.

patriarchy/ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki//-ɑːr-/noun[CorU]父权制（的社会或国家）

asocietyinwhichtheoldestmaleistheleaderofthefamily,orasocietycontrolledbymeninwhichtheyusetheirpowertotheirownadvantage

Patriarchyhasnotdisappeared-ithasmerelychangedform.

Sherailsagainstpatriarchyandhierarchy.

matriarchy/ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki//-ɑːr-/noun[CorU]母权制（的社会或国家）

atypeofsocietyinwhichwomenhavemostoftheauthorityandpower,orasocietyinwhichpropertybelongstowomenandisgiventochildrenbywomenratherthanmen

Antonyms反义词P24

1.salutary:

/ˈsæl.jʊ.tri//-ter.i/adjectiveformal有益的

causingimprovementofbehaviourorcharacter

asalutaryexperience/asalutaryreminderofthedangersofmountainclimbing

2.impede:

/ɪmˈpiːd/verb[T]formal阻碍；妨碍；阻止

toslowdownorcauseproblemsfortheachievementorfinishingofsomething

Althoughhe'sshy,itcertainlyhasn'timpededhiscareerinanyway.

3.simulate:

/ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪt/verb[T]模拟的；假的

todoormakesomethingwhichlooksrealbutisnotreal

Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.

Somedrivingteachersusecomputerstosimulate（=represent）differentroadconditionsforlearnerstopractiseon.

Practice3AntonymsP25

1succinct:

/səkˈsɪŋkt/adjectiveapproving简明的；简洁的；简要的

saidinaclearandshortway;expressingwhatneedstobesaidwithoutunnecessary