高考英语短文理解学案10.docx
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高考英语短文理解学案10
阅读理解技巧
阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。
那么，如何做好阅读理解呢﹖如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。
阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？
如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？
是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？
让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！
第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。
对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。
第二、忌不带问题阅读。
要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。
第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。
第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。
文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。
第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。
第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。
所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。
第七，忌忽略时间。
做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。
文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。
因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。
即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。
第八，良好的阅读习惯。
这个要靠平时的培养。
克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。
正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中。
A
ItwasatleasttwomonthsbeforeChristmaswhennineyearold AlmieRosetoldherfatherandmethatshewantedanewbicycle.AsChristmasdrewnearer,herdesireforabicycleseemedtofade,orsowethought.Weboughtthelatestrage,BabySitter'sClubdolls,andadollhouse.Then,muchtooursurprise,onDecember23rd,shesaidthatshe“reallywantedabikemorethananythingelse.”Itwasjusttoolate,whatwithallthedetailsofpreparingChristmasdinnerandbuyinglastminutegifts,totakethetimetoselectthe“rightbike”forourlittlegirl.So,herewewereChristmasEvearound9:
00p.m.,withAlmieandhersix-year-oldbrother,Dylan,nestledsnugintheirbeds.Nowwecouldonlythinkofthebicycleandthedisappointmentofourchild.”WhatifImakealittlebicycleoutofclay（泥）andwriteanotethatshecouldtradetheclaymodelinforarealbike?
”herdadasked.“Thisisanexpensiveitemandsheis‘suchabiggirl,'itwouldbemuchbetterforhertopickitout.”Sohespentthenextfourhourspainstakinglyworkingwithclaytomakeatinybike.OnChristmasmorning,wewereexcitedforAlmietoopenthelittlehearshapedpackagewiththebeautifulredandwhiteclaybikeandthenote.Finally,sheopeneditandreadthenotealoud.“DoesthismeanthatItradeinthisbikethatDaddymademeforarealone?
”Beaming,Isaid,“Yes.”Almiehadtearsinhereyeswhenshereplied,“IcouldnevertradeinthisbeautifulbicyclethatDaddymademe.I'dratherkeepthisthangetarealbike.”Atthatmoment,wewouldhavemovedheavenandearthtobuyhereverybicycleontheplanet!
56Choosetherighttimeorderofthefollowingevents.
aThegirlaskedforanewbike.
bThegirlopenedthelittleheartshapedpackage.
cTheparentsboughtthegirlamodernandpopulardoll.
dThefathermadethegirlabikewithclay.
eThegirlwouldratherkeeptheclaybikethangetarealone.
Aa,b,c,e,d
Ba,c,d,b,e
Ca,c,b,d,e
Da,b,d,c,e
57Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
ATheparentswantedthegirltohavetheclaybikeforever.
BTearswereinthegirl'seyesbecauseshedidn'tlikethepresentatall.
CThegirlneverlostherdesireforabike.
DTheparentspaidlittleattentiontothedaughter'sdesireforabike.
58WhydidDadmaketheclaybicycle?
AHewantedhisdaughtertobuyarealone.
BHedidn'twanttodisappointhisdaughter.
CHethoughthisdaughterwouldlikeit.
DHewantedtogivehisdaughterasurprise.
59Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentence?
ATheparentswerehappyandencouraged.
BTheparentsfeltcomfortableandrelaxed.
CTheparentsweremovedandfeltproudofthegirl.
DTheparentsfeltdisappointedandsorryforthegirl.
B
Disposing（处理）ofwastehasbeen aproblemsincehumansstartedproducingit.Asmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveclosetogetherincities,thewastedisposalproblembecomesin-creasinglydifficult.Duringtheeighteenthcentury,itwasusualforseveralneighboringtownstogettogethertoselectafarawayspotasadumpsite.Residentsortrashhaulers（垃圾拖运者）wouldtransporthouseholdrubbish,rottedwood,andoldpossessionstothesite.Periodicallysomeofthetrashwasburnedandtherestwasburied.Theunpleasantsightsandsmellscausednoproblembecausenobodylivedcloseby.Factories,mills,andotherindustrialsitesalsohadwastetobedisposedof.Thoselocatedonriversoftenjustdumpedtheunwantedremainsintothewater.Othersbuilthugeburnerswithchimneystodealwiththeproblem.Severalfactsmakethesechoicesunacceptabletomodernsociety.Thefirstproblemisspace.Dumps,whicharenowcalledlandfills,aremostneededinheavilypopulatedareas.Suchareasrarelyhaveemptylandsuitableforthispurpose.Propertyiseithertooexpensiveortooclosetoresidentialneighborhoods.Longdistancetrashhaulinghasbeenacommonpractice,butoncefarmareasarerefusingtoacceptrubbishfromelsewhere,cheaplandwithintruckingdistanceofmajorcityareasisalmostnonexistent.Awareness（意识）ofpollutiondangershasresultedinmorestrictrulesofwastedisposal.Pollutionofrivers,groundwater,landandairisapricepeoplecannotlongerpaytogetridofwaste.Theamountofwaste,however,continuestogrow.
Recyclingeffortshavebecomecommonplace,andmanytownsrequiretheirpeopletotakepart.Eventhemostefficientrecyclingprograms,however,canhopetodealwithonlyabout50percentofacity'sreusablewaste.
60Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe .
APlacesforDisposingWaste
BWastePollutionDangers
CWaysofGettingRidofWaste
DWasteDisposalProblem
61Duringthe18thcentury,peopledisposedtheirwasteinmanywaysEXCEPTfor .
Aburyingit
Brecyclingit
Cburningit
Dthrowingitintorivers
62Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?
AFarmareasacceptwastefromthecityinmodernsociety.
BThereischeaplandtoburywasteinmodernsociety.
CItisdifficulttofindspacetoburywasteinmodernsociety.
DWaystodealwithwasteinmodernsocietystaythesame.
63Themainpurposeofwritingthisarticleisto .
Adrawpeople'sattentiontowastemanagement
Bwarnpeopleofthepollutiondangerswearefacing
Ccallonpeopletotakepartinrecyclingprograms
Dtellpeopleabetterwaytogetridofthewaste
C
YouarestandingunderthemostfamousneonlightsinthecentreofLondon,waitingtocrosstheroad.Suddenlythetrafficstops.Youhearthedistantsoundsofcheering,clappingandshouting.Then,likeamulti-coloredtrain,2,000peoplewithwheelsontheirfeetzoompastyou.YouhavejustwitnessedtheLondonSkate,atwiceweeklyroller-skateeventthatattractspeopleintheirhundredsandthousandsLondonSkateisacompletelyfreetourofthestreetsofLondon—theonlyconditionisthatyougoalongonroller-skates.Itlastsbetweentwoandthreehoursandbytheendofityouhaveskatedbetween10and12miles.
TheskatesnakessoundthestreetsofLondonalongseveraldifferentroutes.ManyoftheroutespassbytouristattractionssuchasBuckinghamPalaceandBigBen.
Marshals（交通协调员）goaheadofthegroup,stoppingthetrafficsothatpeoplecanskateassafelyaspossible.Everyoneiswelcometotakepartandpeoplefromtheageof4to63yearsoldjointhefun.“Iloveitverymuch,itisamazing.Itfeelsjustlikeacarnival（狂欢节），”saidCelesteBeverageregularskater.
Roller-skatingisreallytakingoffacrossEuropeandAmerica.Itisaverygoodwaytokeepfitandcanbepractisedanywherethereisasmoothsurface.ManybigcitiesinWesternEuropeandintheUSnowhavearegulargroupskatingevent.
ThebiggestskatestakeplaceinParisandMunichandtensofthousandsoffansshowuponwarmevenings.“Roller-skatingistakingovertheworld,”saidJulianGrenoble,a25-year-oldskishopemployeefromLondon.GrenoblewenttotheParis-Roller（Parisskate）regularlyuntilhemovedtoBritain.
“It'ssoexcitingtoskateinPairs.Everyoneskatessofastandputsintheirbestefforts!
”hesaid.TheParisRolleriswellknownbecauseofthehugeattendance,thepresenceofmarshalsandthepoliceprotection.Parisisagreatcityforroller-skatingbecauseofitslongwidestreetsandsmoothsurfaces.Roller-skatingisalsobecomingmorepopularinChinaamongyoungpeopleandchildren.Skatingfans'favoriteplacestopracticeinChinaarebigsquares.
64Thisarticlemainlytalksabout
Aplacesandstreetsforroller-skating
Broller-skatinginbigcities
CLondonSkateEvent
Drollerskatersindifferentcountries
65Theunderlinedphrase“takingoff”inthepassagemeans
Arisingfromtheground
Bbecomingpopular
Csettingout
Dgettingexciting
66WecaninferfromthepassagethatLondonSkateEvent
Aisprobablysupportedbythecitygovernment
Battractsagreatmanytouristfromallovertheworld
Cusuallycausesalotoftrafficproblems
Ddrawspeopleofallagesintothesport
67Parisisregardedasoneofthemostsuitableplacesforroller-skatingbecause
Aalargeunderofrollerplayersattendit
Bthepoliceprotecttherollerskaters
Cthestreetsaresafe,wideandsmooth
Dtheeventusuallytakesplaceonwarmevenings
D
●Putsunscreenonbeforegoingoutinthesun.
●Takeitwithyou.
●Useit
—afteraswim
—everyhourorsowhileplayingoutdoors
—ifyougetsweaty.
●Coverupwhenthesunisoverhead
—10a.m.-2p.m.
—especiallyatlunchtime.
●Getyoursuntangraduallyandnottoomuch.
●Controlledexposuretosunshinehelpsavoidskincancer.
Askyourchemisttoreco
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