上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习.docx
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上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
【考点讲解】
一、肯定句改为否定句
在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not （n't）。
如果句中没有这些词，则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加do not （don't）, does not （doesn't） 或did not （didn't）, 并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。
如：
We can finish the work this afternoon. →We can't finish the work this afternoon.
They put the basket under the tree just now. →They didn't put the basket under the tree just now.
注意：
1. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。
如：
I think they can come tonight. →I don't think they can come tonight.2. 当must表示推测，表示“一定；肯定”的含义时，否定句应用can't。
如：
He must be in the room. →He can't be in the room.
二、陈述句改为疑问句
陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况：
一是改为一般疑问句，二是改为反意疑问句。
如:
1. The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. （改为一般疑问句）
→Had the students learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term?
2. The twins have never been to the Summer Palace, have they?
（完成反意疑问句）
三、对划线部分提问
对划线部分提问，就是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊疑问句。
当对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。
对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。
对其他成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。
如：
1.Tom will be back in ten days. （对划线部分提问） →Who will be back in ten days?
2. He writes to his father once a month. （对划线部分提问） →How often does he write to his father?
四、同义句改写
1．根据句意改写
主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。
如：
1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age.
Li Hua is _________ _________ _________ Zhang Ming.
【答案】as old / young as。
第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。
2. How many people live in France?
_________ _________ the population of France?
【答案】What is。
第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?
”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?
”
3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.The runner _________ to keep up with the others though he _________ his _________.
【答案】failed; tried; best。
第一句意思是：
虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。
第二句的意思是：
虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。
4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . We _________ _________ _________ _________ before talking.
【答案】told each other’s names。
第一句意思是：
谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。
第二句的意思是：
谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。
5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year.
More than one year has _________ since she _________ Shanghai.
【答案】passed; left。
第一句的意思是：
她离开上海已经一年多了。
第二句的意思是：
自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。
6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right.
Walk downthe street, then _________ _________ at the third crossing.
【答案】turn right。
两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：
沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。
2．利用从句改写
即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。
如：
1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week.
The man _________ gave us a talk last week _________ _________ with a lady.
【答案】who / that; is talking。
定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。
2. He didn’t want to miss the first bus, so he got up early.
He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the first bus.
【答案】so that。
目的状语从句so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。
3. “Did you sleep well last night?
” David asked her.
David asked her _________ _________ _________ well last night.
【答案】if / whether she slept。
直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。
4. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
_________ we _________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
【答案】 If; don’ t。
if 引导条件状语从句。
句意为：
如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。
祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换
5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework.
John _________ to bed _________ he finished his homework.
【答案】didn’t; until。
not…until表示“直到……才”的意思。
3．利用so do I改写
“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人（物） 也如此”。
“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人（物） 也不……”。
这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。
转换时应注意四点：
1.）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；
2.）动词在时态上与前句呼应；
3.）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；
4.）表示否定时，neither／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _________ _________ his parents.
【答案】so do。
主语是复数his parents, 时态是一般现在时，助动词do。
2.I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too.
I like playing tennis, _________ _________ he.
【答案】so does。
主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。
4．利用连词改写
运用关联连词（组） both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
1. Lucy can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily can’t sing it, either.
_________ Lucy_________ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More.
【答案】Neither; nor。
neither...nor表示 “（两者） 都不”。
2. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either. _________ my father _________ my mother _________ a history teacher.
【答案】Neither; nor; is。
neither …nor… 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。
3.Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _________ Alice_________ Sandy have seen the film twice.
【答案】Both; and。
both…and 表示“（两者）都”。
4. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells _________ _________ men’s shoes _________ _________ men’s clothes.
【答案】not only; but also。
not only...but also示“不仅……而且”之意。
5．利用介词短语改写
1. We have friends in the whole world.
Our friends are _________ _________ the world.
【答案】all over。
固定词组all over表示“遍及”之意。
2. It’s a long time since we met last.
We haven’t seen each other _________ _________.
【答案】for long。
for long意为“很长一段时间”。
3. He walks to school every day.
He goes to school _________ _________ every day.
【答案】on foot。
固定词组on foot意为“步行”。
4.Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.
Tom _________ to school _________ breakfast.
【答案】went; without。
介词without有“没有，不（带） ”之意。
5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum.
_________ _________ _________ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.
【答案】On my way。
介词短语on one’s way to… 表示“在某人去……的路上意思。
6．利用不定式改写
1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well.The foreigners want to know _________ _________ learn Chinese Kongfu well.
【答案】how to。
不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
2. She was so weak that she couldn’t take care of her baby. She was _________ weak _________ take care of her baby.
【答案】too; to。
原句意思是：
她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。
too…to … 句型表示“太……以致于（不能）……”之意。
3. She seems to be worried now.
_________ _________ that she _________ worried now.
【答案】It seems; is。
固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb… 可替换成sb seems / seemed to …，表示“某人看起来……”。
5.He was so happy that he couldn’t say a word when he was told the news.
He was _________ happy _________ say a word when he was told the news.
【答案】too; to。
too…to… 表示“太……而不能……”之意。
5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it.
The ice on the lake was not _________ enough _________people _________ _________ _________ it.
【答案】thick; for; to skate on。
形容词或副词+enough +to do sth,意为“足够……以致于能够……”，用来替换“so…that+结果状语从句”。
6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind won’t blow the earth away.
In China we build the Great Green Wall _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ the earth away.
【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。
不定式作目的状语。
7．利用时态改写
中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。
如：
1. The film began 20 minutes ago.
The film has been _________ _________ 20 minutes.
【答案】on for。
短暂动词begin，在此意为“（电影） 开始（放映、上演） ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be up。
has been提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段” 表示“持续（一段时间） ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
摘自中考英语网
2. Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago.
Sam’s grandfather has been _________ _________ 10 years.
【答案】dead for。
短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为be dead。
3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago.
My grandpa _________ _________ _________ the Party for thirty years. 【答案】has been in。
短暂动词join，意为“加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。
”
4. I got up half an hour ago.
I _________ _________ up for half an hour.
【答案】have been。
短暂动词get up，意为“起床”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将get up 改成be up。
5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school. The students have _________ _________ this school for three years.
【答案】been in。
与原句意思一致，“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。
8．利用语态改写
通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。
如：
1. People grow rice in the south of China.
Rice_________ _________ in the south of China.
【答案】is grown。
rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。
2. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _________ _________ on time.
【答案】be given back。
被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。
3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers _________ widely _________ in the world today.
【答案】are; used。
computers是复数名词作主语，助动词用are，且句子用被动。
4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs（分贝）.
The noise level must _________ _________ under 50dbs.
【答案】be kept。
被动句中含情态动词must，因此助动词用be。
5. Do they grow rice in autumn?
_____ rice_____ in autumn?
【答案】Is; grown。
不可数名词rice作主语, 助动词用单数is，一般疑问句的助动词置于句首。
6. We call maths the language of science.
Maths _________ _________ the language of science.
【答案】is called。
主语maths虽然是以s结尾，但并不是名词的复数，因此助动词仍用单数is。
9．利用反义词改写
用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。
如：
1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.
Tom _________ a story-book _________ the boy just now.
【答案】borrowed; from。
borrow…from意为“从……借来”；而lend…to意为“向……借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。
2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike. The factory is _________here. It’s only ten minutes’_________.
【答案】near; bike-ride。
not far的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。
3. I think music is less interesting than P.E.
I _________think music is _________interesting than P.E.
【答案】don’t; more。
less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及……有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“（比） ……更有趣”。
语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。
4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.
The bike under the tree isn’t the _________ _________this one.
【答案】same as。
the same as意为“与……相同”，而反义词组 be different from 意为“与……不同”。
10．利用同义词改写
用同义
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