高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项阅读理解专题7 史地人文类附答案.docx

高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项阅读理解专题7 史地人文类附答案.docx

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高考整理八年英语真题分类专项阅读理解专题7史地人文类附答案

第一部分阅读理解

考点7史地人文类

1．（2017江苏）

CHRONOLOGICA

——TheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistory

DIDYOUKNOW…

In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?

WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?

TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?

CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime，fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet．Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens，hotairballoons…andmonkeysinspace．

Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds，howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord．

CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory，beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts．WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorglum．

Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold，andguaranteedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!

56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next?

A．A biography． B．A travel guide．

C．A history book．  D．A science fiction． 

57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?

A．By giving details of its collection．

B．By introducing some of its contents． 

C．By telling stories at the beginning． 

D．By comparing it with other books．

2．（2017天津）

Thismonth，Germany’stransportminister，AlexanderDobrindt，proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles（自主驾驶车辆）．Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost．

Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:

thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture．

Dobrindtwantsthreethings:

thatacaralwayschoosesproperty（财产）damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail，say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash．

“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt．Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers，hesays．

Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers，consumersandlawyers．“Theliability（法律责任）issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds，UK．

AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars，introducedearlierthisyear，insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment．

Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars．“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars．”Meratsays．“Youknow—nodriver．”

Becauseoftheconfusion，Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation．

Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown，saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity，California．ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore，wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched．

ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however．“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo．

46．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?

A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown．

B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible．

C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted．

D．Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear．

47．TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto__________．

A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrules

B．helppromotefullyautomaticdriving

C．protectdriversofallagesandraces

D．preventseriouspropertydamage

48．Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?

A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies．

B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers．

C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents．

D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility．

49．Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein__________．

A．SingaporeB．theUKC．theUSD．Germany

50．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforpassage?

A．AutonomousDriving:

WhoseLiability?

B．FullyAutomaticCars:

ANewBreakthrough

C．AutonomousVehicles:

DriverRemoved!

D．DriverlessCars:

RootofRoadAccidents

3．（2016新课标Ⅰ）

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups．Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness，or worry．Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙）with conversation．Persons in other cultural groups 

value silenceand viewit  as necessary for understanding a person's needs．

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do．Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied（暗示） is that the personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing．Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection．

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower．Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion．However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher．Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority．

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing．Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily．Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures．

32．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A．Itimpliesanger．B．Itpromotesfriendship．

C．Itisculture-specific．D．Itiscontent-based．

33．Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A．TheChinese．B．TheFrench．

C．TheMexicans．D．TheRussians．

34．Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases．B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients．

C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients．D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects．

35．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．SoundandSilenceB．WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C．SilencetoNativeAmericansD．SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold

4．（2016四川）

InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous（土著的）people．Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms．Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony（殖民地）oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946．Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld．

ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenchmanformPariscalledGin．Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne．

“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople．Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin．“I’vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem．ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment．Idon’tseeitasalawlessland．ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom．”

“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”continuesGin．“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly．”

Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime．Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor．Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide．

28．WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?

A．TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw．

B．TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw．

C．Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld．

D．TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens．

29．GinintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas_________．

A．atourguideB．ageographerC．afilmdirectorD．aphotographer

30．WhatisGin’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?

A．Cautious．B．Doubtful．C．Uninterested．D．Appreciative．

31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle．B．Theself-supportinghunting．

C．Theuncivilizedhunting．D．TheFrenchRep