商务英语名词解释.docx

商务英语名词解释.docx

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商务英语名词解释

1. Budget —预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.

2. Return —回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

3. Portfolio —证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling

4. Royalty —专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

5. Patent —专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

6. Non-tariffbarrier —非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

7. Franchise —经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.

8.Purchasingpower —购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.

9. PPP —购买力平价purchasingpowerparity

10. tariff —关税taxleviedbythecustoms

11.barrierstotrade —贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.

12.primarycommodities —初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials

13.drawback —退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported

14.specificduties —从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods

15.advaloremduties —从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods

16.carriage —运费thepriceorcostoftransportation

17.voluntaryoffer —主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer

18.contractingparties —缔约方signatoriesofanagreement

19.forcemajeure —[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty

20.firmoffer —持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer

21.offeree —受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade

22.hyperinflation —极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol

23.inflation —通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.

24.protectionism —贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports

25.bilateral —双边的oftwosides

26.bundling —捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether

27.creditors —债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney

28.debtor —债务人apersonwhoowesmoney

29.default —违约failtocarryoutanobligation

30.draft —汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney

31.remittance —汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent

32.drawer —出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter

33.drawee —受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn

34.credit-worthiness —资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment

35.applicantofanL/C —出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C

36.beneficiary —受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport

37.confirmingbank —保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C

38.reimburse —退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent

39.cleancredit —光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment

40.sightcredit —即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft

41.middleman —中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer

42.consignee —收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped

43.shippingmarks —唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation

44.insurancepolicy —保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks

45.title —抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty

46.insured —被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy

47.premium —保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract

48.potentialloss —潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur

49.claim —索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy

50.margin —利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary

51.underwriter —保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness

52.invoice —发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice

pensation —赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss

54.pooling —联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage

55.multi-modaltransportation —多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair

56.redeem —兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock

57.settlement —结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc

58.exchangerate —汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency

59.moneycirculation —货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices

60.devaluation —货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies

61.reserve —储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand

62.investment —投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns

63.quota —配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity

64.VER —自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry

65.intellectualproperty —知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right

66.taxholiday —免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied

67.jointventure —合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms

68.gilts —金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment

69.cost-effective —成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure

70.anti-dumping —反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured

71.mandate —授权authoritygiventoperformaduty

72.contractingparty —缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement

73.Visibletrade有形贸易 :

Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

74.Invisibletrade无形贸易 :

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

75.FDI（foreigndirectinvestments） ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.

76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资 :

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

77.Bonds债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

78.Licensing许可经营 :

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

79.Franchising特许经营 :

afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

80.Franchiser特许方 :

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

81.Franchisee被特许方 :

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

82.GNP国民生产总值 :

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

83.GDP国内生产总值 :

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

84.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值 :

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

85.Incomedistribution收入分布 :

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.

86.Freetradearea自由贸易区 :

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy

87.Customsunion关税同盟 :

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy

88.Commonmarket共同市场 :

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.

89.EconomicUnion（EU）经济同盟 :

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.

90.ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司，总部 istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.

91.Homecounty母国 :

Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.

92.Hostcountry东道国 :

Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.

93.Absoluteadvantage绝对利益 :

Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources（capital,landandlabor）

100.Comparativeadvantage比较利益 :

Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

1..Internationaltrade国际贸易 :

Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.

2.Importduties进口关税 :

Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea

3.Exportduties出口关税 :

Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea

4.Most-favored-nation（MFN）treatment最惠国待遇 :

Atarifftreatmentunder