英美文学名词解释.docx

英美文学名词解释.docx

《英美文学名词解释.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学名词解释.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释

1.寓言Allegory:

Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.

2.Alliteration头韵:

Therepetitionoftheinitialconsonantsoundsinpoetry.

3.Allusion:

Areferencetoaperson,aplace,anevent,oraliteraryworkthatawriterexpectsthereadertorecognizeandrespondto.Anallusionmaybedrawnfromhistory,geography,literature,orreligion.

9.Analogy:

（afigureofspeech）Acomparisonmadebetweentowthingstoshowthesimilaritiesbetweenthem.Analogiesareoftenusedforillustrationorforargument.

10.Anapest抑抑扬:

It’smadeupoftwounstressedandonestressedsyllables,withthetwounstressedonesinfront.

11.Antagonist:

Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative;arivaloftheheroorheroine.

12.Antithesis:

（afigureofspeech）Thebalancingoftwocontrastingideas,wordsphrases,orsentences.Anantithesisisoftenexpressedinabalancedsentence,thatis,asentenceinwhichidenticalorsimilargrammaticalstructureisusedtoexpresscontrastingideas.

13.Aphorism:

Aconcise,pointedstatementexpressingawiseorcleverobservationaboutlife.

14.Apostrophe顿呼法:

Afigureofspeechinwhichanabsentoradeadperson,anabstractquality,orsomethingnonhumanisaddresseddirectly.

15.Argument:

Aformofdiscourseinwhichreasonisusedtoinfluenceorchangepeople’sideaoractions.Writerspracticeargumentmostoftenwhenwritingnonfiction,particularlyessaysorspeeches.

16.Aside:

Indrama,linesspokenbyacharacterinanundertoneordirectlytotheaudience.Anasideismeanttobeheardbytheothercharactersonstage.

17.Assonance:

Therepetitionofsimilarvowelsounds,especiallyinpoetry.Assonanceisoftenemployedtopleasetheearoremphasizecertainsounds.

18.Atmosphere:

Theprevailingmoodorfeelingofaliterarywork.Atmosphereisoftendeveloped,atleastinpart,throughdescriptionsofsetting.Suchdescriptionshelptocreateanemotionalclimateforthewerrorstoestablishthereader’sexpectationsandattitudes.

19.Autobiography:

Aperson’saccountofhisorherownlife.Anautobiographyisgenerallywritteninnarrativeformandincludessomeintrospection.

20.Ballad:

Astorytoldinverseandusuallymeanttobesung.Inmanycountries,thefolkballadwasoneoftheearliestformsofliterature.Folkballadshavenoknownauthors.Theyweretransmittedorallyfromgenerationtogenerationandwerenotsetdowninwritinguntilcenturiesaftertheywerefirstsung.Thesubjectmatteroffolkballadsstemsfromtheeverydaylifeofthecommonpeople.Devicescommonlyusedinballadsaretherefrain,incrementalrepetition,andcodelanguage.Alaterformofballadistheliteraryballad,whichimitatesthestyleofthefolkballad.

21.Balladstanza:

Atypeoffour-linestanza.Thefirstandthirdlineshavefourstressedwordsorsyllables;thesecondandfourthlineshavethreestresses.Balladmeterisusuallyiambic.Thenumberofunstressedsyllablesineachlinemayvary.Thesecondandfourthlinesrhyme.

22.Biography:

Adetailedaccountofaperson’slifewrittenbyanotherperson.

23.Blankverse:

Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

24.Caesura诗间休止:

Abreakorpauseinalineofpoetry.

25.Canto:

Asectionordivisionofalongpoem.

26.Caricature:

Theuseofexaggerationordistortiontomakeafigureappearcomicorridiculous.Aphysicalcharacteristic,aneccentricity,apersonalitytrait,oranactmaybeexaggerated.

27.Character:

Inappreciatingashortstory,charactersareanindispensableelement.Charactersarethepersonspresentedinadramaticornarrativework.Forstdividescharactersintotwotypes:

flatcharacter,whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividualizingdetail;androundcharacter,whichiscomplexintemperamentandmotivationandisrepresentedwithsubtleparticularity.

28.Characterizatiogogoo,themeansbywhichawriterrevealsthatpersonality.

29.Classicism:

Amovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.

30.Climax:

Thepointofgreatestintensity,interest,orsuspenseinagogotory’sturningpoint.Theactionleadingtotheclimaxandthesimultaneousincreaseoftensionintheplotareknownastherisingaction.Allactionaftertheclimaxisreferredtoasthefallingaction,orresolution.Thetermcrisisissometimesusedinterchangeablywithclimax.

31.Comedy:

ingeneral,aliteraryworkthatendshappilywithahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweentheprotagonistandsociety.

32.Conceit:

Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlinglydifferentthings.Aconceitmaybeabriefmetaphor,butitusuallyprovidestheframeworkforanentirepoem.Anespeciallyunusualandintellectualkindofconceitisthemetaphysicalconceit.

1.33.Conflict:

Astrugglebetweentwoopposingforcesorcharactersinashortstory,novel,play,ornarrativepoem.Usuallytheeventsofthestoryareallrelatedtotheconflict,andtheconflictisresolvedinsomewaybythestory’send.

34.Connotation:

Alltheemotionsandassociationsthatawordorphrasemayarouse.Connotationisdistinctfromdenotation,whichistheliteralor“dictionary”meaningofawordorphrase.

35.Consonance:

Therepetitionofsimilarconsonantsoundsinthemiddleorattheendofwords.

36.Couplet:

Twoconsecutivelinesofpoetrythatrhyme.Aheroiccoupletisaniambicpentametercouplet.

37.CriticalRealism:

Thecriticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefoutiesandinthebeginningoffifties.Therealistsfirstandforemostsetthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfromademocraticviewpointanddelineatedthecryingcontradictionsofbourgeoisreality.Buttheydidnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.

38.Dactyl扬抑抑:

It’smadeupofonestressedandtwounstressedsyllables,withthestressedinfront.

39.Denotation:

Theliteralor“dictionary”meaningofaword.

40.Denouement结局:

Theoutcomeofaplot.Thedenouementisthatpartofaplay,shortstory,novel,ornarrativepoeminwhichconflictsareresolvedorunraveled,andmysteriesandsecretsconnectedwiththeplotareexplained.

41.Description:

Itisagreatpartofconversationandofalmostallwriting.Itisapartofautobiography,storytelling.Withdescription,thewritertriesterror,feel,andhearbyshowingratherthanbymerelytelling.It’sthroughtheuseofspecificdetailsandconcretelanguagethatabstractideasandhalf-formedthoughtsaremakevividlyreal.Wehaveobjectiveandsubjectivedescription.

42.Diction:

Awriter’schoiceofwords,particularlyforclarity,effectiveness,andprecision.

43.Dissonance:

Aharshordisagreeablecombinationofsounds;discord.

44.Dramaticmonologue:

Akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.Theoccasionisusuallyacrucialoneinthespeaker’spersonalityaswellastheincidentthatisthesubjectofthepoem.

45.Elegy:

Apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual.Anelegyisatypeoflyricpoem,usuallyformalinlanguageandstructure,andsolemnorevenmelancholyintone.

46.Emblematicimage:

Averbalpictureorfigurewithalongtraditionofmoralorreligiousmeaningattachedtoit.

47.Enlightenment:

Withtheadventofthe18thcentury,inEngland,asinotherEuropeancountries,theresprangintolifeapublicmovementknownastheEnlightenment.TheEnlightenmentonthewhole,wasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisagainstfeudalism.Theegogoinequality,stagnation,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.

48.Epic:

Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Manyepicsweredrawnfromanoraltraditionandweretransmittedbysongandrecitationbeforetheywerewrittendown.

49.Epigram:

Ashort,witty,pointedstatementoftenintheformofapoem.

50.Epigraph:

Aquotationormottoatthebeginningofachapter,book,shortstory,orpoemthatmakessomepointaboutthework.

51.Epilogue收场白:

Ashortadditionorconclusionattheendofaliterarywork.

52.Epiphany主显节:

Amomentofillumination,usuallyoccurringatorneartheendofawork.

53.Epitaph:

Aninscriptiononagravestoneorashortpoemwritteninmemoryofsomeonewhohasdied.

54.Epithet称号:

Adescriptivenameorphraseusedtocharacterizesomeoneorsomething.

55.EraofModernism:

Theyearsfrom1910to1930areoftencalledtheEraofModernism,forthereseemstohavebeeninbothEuropeandAmericaastrongawarenessofsomesortof“break”withthepast.Thenewartistssharedadesiretocapturethecomplexityofmodernlife,tofocusonthevarietyandconfusionofthe20thcenturybyreshapingandsometimesdiscardingtheideasandhabitsofthe19thcentury.TheEraofModernismwasindeedtheeraoftheNew.

56.Essay:

Apieceofprosewriting,usuallyshort,thatdealswithasubjectinalimitedwayandexpressesaparticularpointorview.Anessaymaybeseriousorhumorous,tightlyorganizedorrambling,restrainedoremotional.Thetwogeneralclassificationsofessayaretheinformalessaya