英语四级真题卷三答案解析.docx
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英语四级真题卷三答案解析
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)
本套真题听力与前2套听力内容一样,只是顺序有一定调整,听力参见卷一和卷二。
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto26toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall27ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto28myownkidsin”
Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren29inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate30,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand31it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.
DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto32recreationcenters.Today,the
EFKprogram33over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom
$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot34enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat35.”
A)attractedI)feeding
B)careerJ)graduating
C)championshipsK)interest
D)degreesL)levels
E)developingM)local
F)enrollN)operates
G)exposureO)participatedH)feasible
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Whyaren'tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?
A)“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino(赌场)yourself?
”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecurious.commissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.
B)Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?
”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.
C)Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone'sparty?
Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?
D)ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:
TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFatterDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis‘Yes.’Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.
E)Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof,”LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledges,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.
F)Whyisthisaproblem?
Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.
G)Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makeusmorecurious.
H)Moreover,inordertobecurious,“youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.”AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:
“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”
I)Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingbody(替罪羊).HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:
“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”
J)Somewhatnostalgically(怀旧地),hequotesJohnMaynardKeynes’sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:
“Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoonsentertainment.”Ifonly!
K)Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(认知的)scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor--andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive:
“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”
L)Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.
M)AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn’taboutpolitics,hedoesn’tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleaderofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.
N)HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformer.DefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.Rumsfeld’sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn’tabsurd-itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn’tfollowhisownadvice.”
O)AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake--evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn’tparticularlywanttoknow.
36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.
37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.
38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.
39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.
40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians'andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.
41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.
42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.
43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.
44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.
45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.
SectionC
Directions:
Thereare2passa