热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx

热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx

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热点14自然资源利用与生态修复备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练

备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读

热点14自然资源利用与生态修复

一、阅读理解

1

Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable（可持续的）ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.

Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Accordingtoarecentstudy,theglobalmarketforlow-carbonenergywillbecomethreetimesbiggeroverthenextdecade.China,forexample,hassetitsmindonleadingthatmarket,hopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyrevolution.Itisnowtryinghardtomakefulluseofwindandsolarenergy,andisspendingahugeamountofmoneymakingelectriccarsandhigh-speedtrains.Inaddition,wearealsoseeinggreatgrowthintheglobalmarketsforsustainableproductssuchaspalmoil（棕榈油）,whichisproducedwithoutcuttingdownvaluablerainforest.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.

Governmentscanfullydevelopthepotentialofthesenewmarkets.First,theycansethightargetsforreducingcarbonemissionsandtargetsforsavingandreusingenergy.Besides,strongerarrangementofpublicresourceslikeforestscanalsohelptospeedupthedevelopment.Finally,governmentscanavoidthehugeexpensesthataretakingusinthewrongdirection,andredirectingsomeofthoseexpensescanacceleratethechangefromtraditionalmodeltoasustainableone.

Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofgrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsofthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltask,butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.

1.ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.

A.itmakestheworldwarmer

B.itconsumesnaturalresources

C.itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue

D.itbringsseveredamagetoforests

2.Tofullydevelopthelow-carbonmarkets,governmentscan______.

A.cutpublicexpensesB.forbidcarbonemission

C.developpublicresourcesD.encourageenergyconservation

3.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatbusinesseshavemanychancesto______.

A.developsustainableproductsB.explorenewnaturalresources

C.makefulluseofnaturalresourcesD.dealwiththemajorchallenge

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.

B.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.

C.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.

D.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarkets.

2

Arainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreading（扩大）quiteequallythroughtheyearandthetemperaturerarelyfallingbelow16°C.Rainforestshaveagreatinfluenceontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimate.

Withouttheforestcover,theseareaswouldreflect（反射）moreheatintotheatmosphere,warmingtherestoftheworld.Losingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatterns，potentially（潜在地）causingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworld.

Inthepasthundredyears,humanshavebegundestroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources：

landforcrops,woodforpaperandotherproducts,landforraisingfarmanimals.Thisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawhole.Forexample,alotofcarbondioxideintheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.

Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstly,whenpeoplecutdowntrees,generallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondly,cuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnow,butinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.Rainforestsareoftencalledtheworld'sdrugstore.Morethan25%ofthemedicinesweusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.However,fewerthan1%ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvalue.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseasesliessomewhereintheworld’sshrinking（减少）rainforests.

5.Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausethey______.

A.reflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere

B.bringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworld

C.rarelycausethetemperaturetodroplowerthan16°C

D.absorb（吸收）theheatfromthesun,reducingtheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearth

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A.Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.B.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.

C.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.D.Muchcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）comesfromburningrainforests.

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.

A.wecangetenoughresourceswithoutrainforests

B.thereisgreatmedicinepotentialinrainforests

C.wewillgrowfewerkindsofcropsinthegainedland

D.thelevelofannualrainfallaffectswindpatterns

8.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoSaveRainforests?

B.HowtoProtectNature?

C.RainforestsandtheEnvironment.D.RainforestsandMedicalDevelopment.

3

Ohio—LakeErie,thesmallestofNorthAmerica'sfiveGreatLakes,suppliesfreshdrinkingwatertoanestimated11millionpeopleinOhio,MichiganandsouthernOntarioprovince,Canada.

Yetsometimespollution,bathfromindustrialwasteandfarm-chemicalrun-off,leaveslargeareasofthelakecoveredinhalf-meter-thicklayersofgreenslime.Scientistsblamealotofchemicalsenteringthewater,whichhascausedpollution.

Tofindoutwheretheseextranutrientscomefrom,theOhioDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasbeenstudyingdatafromitsnetworkof14water-qualitymonitoringstationsinstalledalongtheriversthatflowintotheLakeEriebasin.

Atonepoint,waterfromthesmallstreamisdivertedintoapipewhereitispumpedintothetestingstation.

We'llhave'asampleaday,year-roundeverydaysothatreallypinsdownwhatthechemistryislike,"saysDaveBakerofOhio'sHeidelbergUniversity,whotakeschargeofthemonitoringstationsfortheDepartmentofNaturalResources.

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,thefederalgovernment'spollutionwatchdog,requirespointsources,suchasfactories,tomonitorandreporttheirdischarges.SoBakerislookingforwheretheothersourcesofpollutioncomefrom.

"IfthereareproblemsinLakeErie,wewanttoknowwhereit'scomingfromandmakesurewe'reputtingresourcestosolvetheproblemproperly,"Bakersays.

Inthiscase,aprimarysourceofthepollutionturnsouttobechemicalfertilizerthatturnofffarmlandduringrainstorms.

Becausefarmersbelievefertilizersareessentialtohighcropyields,theywouldliketousethem.However,theUSDA'sNaturalResourceConservationServiceisn'taskingthemtoabandonfarmchemicals,butrathertousethemmoresparinglysotheydon'trunoffthelandwhenitrains.

AnothertechniqueforreducingfarmchemicalpollutionofLakeErieiscover-cropfarming.Aftertheharvest,farmersplantasecondquick-growingcroptoreduceerosion.Thedeep-rootedplants,suchasryeorturnips,helptocoverthesoil,allowingwormsandfungitoworktheirmagicandhelpingthesoiltoabsorbmorewaterandnutrients.

9.WhatistheproblemwithLakeErie?

A.Therearenofishinit.B.Thereislittlewaterinit.

C.Thewaterisunfittodrink.D.Itcontainsalotofchemicals.

10.WhoprovidesdataaboutLakeErie?

A.Thewater-qualitymonitoringstations.B.NaturalResourceConservationService.

C.TheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources.D.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.

11.Theunderlinedphrase"pinsdown"inParagraph5probablymeans"".

A.looksthroughB.explainsexactlyC.keepsarecordofD.showsclearly

12.WhatcausesthepollutioninLakeErie?

A.Animalwastefromnearbyfarms.B.Wastewaterfromanearbyfactory.

C.Chemicalfertilizersfromthefields.D.Pesticidefarmersusedtokilllocusts.

13.Quick-growingcropscanbeplantedto.

A.preventwormsfromeatingcropsB.increasetheharvestofthefarmers

C.makefulluseofchemicalfertilizersinthesoilD.keepthesoilfrombeingwashedaway

4

HiddenawayinthemountainsofwesternTanzaniaisoneofthelargestlakesintheworld:

LakeTanganyika.

Environmentalistswanttoprotectthebeautyandbiologicaldiversityofthisareafromtheharmfuleffectsofoverfishinganddeforestation.However,inordertodothis,theyneedthecooperationofpeopleinthenearbyvillageofMahale.Inthispoorcommunity,malariaandtyphoid（疟疾和伤寒）arespreading,thereislittleaccesstodoctorsand13%ofchildrendiebeforeage5.Howcanweexpectpeoplewhocannotsavetheirownchildrentocareaboutsavingtheenvironment?

WhileitistruethattheMahalevillagersaresuffering,environmentalistsarguethatLakeTanganyikaisinanequallyterriblecondition.Thislakeishometohundredsoffishspeciesfoundnowhereelseontheglobe.Eightymammalspeciesliveinthesurroundingforestsandmountains.90%ofTanzania’sendangeredchimpanzeesliveinthisarea.Damagetothisecosystemwillresultinuntoldlosses.Furthermore,environmentalistsseethedestructionoftheenvironmentasadirectfunctionofthevillagers’poverty（贫穷）:

asthefishpopulationdecreases,peopleareforcedtoclearmorelandtogrowriceandcorn.Astheyclearmoreland,thesoilrun-offfromdeforestationfurtherreducesthefis