对《无声告白》中莉迪亚悲剧的分析.docx

对《无声告白》中莉迪亚悲剧的分析.docx

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对《无声告白》中莉迪亚悲剧的分析

Acknowledgements

Thanksforgivingmethischancetoachievethispaperandtomaketheconclusionformyfouryears’education.Throughwritingthispaper,IhavegainedmoreknowledgethanIsupposed.

Mysincerethanksareduetomysupervisor,Mr.Wangforhelpingmetoclarifymythoughtandsharpenmythinking.

Here,Ialsowanttogivemythankstootherteachersandmyclassmateswhogavememuchhelp.Thankyou!

Abstract

EverythingINeverToldYouisChineseAmericanwomanwriterCelesteNgtookhersixyearstodebut,withhighreputation;shepulledethnicandculturalconflictsoftheUnitedStatesundertheeavesofafamily.Oncepublished,thebookhadreceivedwidepublicattention.ThebooktellsatragicstoryofachildwhoborninacrossethnicfamilynamedLydia;shefinallytowardsdeathduetotheunbearableloveandexpectationoftheparents.Thenovelisdividedintotwolines;oneisthefamilyguess,andtheotherisLydia’srecountbyherself.CelesteNgportraysafamilywhichattempttoconductinthetorrentofhistory,andayounggirlwhotriesherbesttointegrateintosociety.Thispaperisdividedintofourparts.Thefirstpartintroducestheauthorandtheworksindetail;thesecondpartexpoundsontheinternalfactorsofLydia’stragedy,whichwerecausedbyhercharactersandself-consciousnessfromtherespectiveofLydia;thethirdpartisananalysisoftheinevitabilityofLydia’stragedyfromtheexternalfactorsoffamilyeducation,familymembersandsocialcontradictions.Thefourthpartisthesummaryofthisthesis.Throughtheanalysisweknowthattherealcauseofthistragedyisthefailureoffamilyeducationandtheinfluenceofsocialenvironment.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleshouldberidofothers’expectationtofindtheirtrueselfintheprocessofgrowingup.

KeyWords:

tragedy;self-consciousness;familyeducation;socialenvironment

摘要

《无声告白》是华裔女作家武绮诗耗时六年的处女作，满载盛誉，她将华裔在美国面临的种族和文化冲突拉到用一个家庭的屋檐下。

此书一经发表便得到社会的广泛关注。

该书讲述了一个出生在跨族裔家庭的孩子莉迪亚因不堪承受父母过分的爱与期待而走向死亡的悲剧故事。

小说分为两线，一条是家人猜测，一条是莉迪亚的自述。

伍琦诗用深沉饱满的文笔，描绘了一个在历史洪流中企图立身的家庭，与一名为融入社会而竭尽全力的年轻女孩。

本文共分为四个部分，第一部分将对作者与作品详细的介绍。

第二部分从人物自身出发，阐述了主人公性格和自我意识导致悲剧的内部因素。

第三部分将从家庭教育、家庭成员间关系、社会矛盾所构成的外部因素来深入剖析莉迪亚悲剧的不可避免性。

第四部分主要对本篇论文进行总结。

最终得出造成此悲剧发生的真正原因是家庭教育的失败和社会环境的影响。

笔者认为人在成长过程中应摆脱他人眼中的自己找到真正的自己。

关键词：

悲剧；自我意识；家庭教育；社会环境

ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\z\u

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736137"1.Introduction1

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736138"2.TheInternalReasonsofLydia’sTragedy2

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736139"2.1TheCharacterofLydia2

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736140"2.2TheSelf-consciousnessofLydia4

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736141"2.2.1TheLackofSelf-consciousness4

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736142"2.2.2AwakeningofHerSelf-consciousness5

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736143"3.TheExternalReasonsofLydia’sTragedy6

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736144"3.1TheEducationofFamily6

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736145"3.1.1TheEducationofAmericanMother7

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736146"3.1.2TheEducationofChineseAmericanFather8

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736147"3.2TheRelationshipamongFamilyMembers9

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736148"3.3SocialContradiction11

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736149"4.Conclusion13

HYPERLINK\l"_Toc478736150"Bibliography14

TheAnalysisofLydia’sTragedyofEverythingINeverToldYou

1.Introduction

CelesteNgisthesecondgenerationofimmigrantsinHongKong,grewupinPennsylvaniaandOhiowhoengagedinwritingformanyyears,andworkedinvariousjournals.EverythingINeverToldYouisthefirstfull-lengthnovelwhichCelesteNgtooksixyearstowrite.Theexperienceofherimmigrationhasgivenherauniqueperspectivetoarrangethestorycarefully,andthestyleofwritingwascalmandreserved.Oncepublished,thisbookiswellreceivedbythecommunity,andbecomesthedarkhorseof2014yearofthemostpopularandpowerful.ItnotonlyjumpedtotheNewYorkTimesbest-sellingbook,butalsoaccessedtothebestbookoftheyear2014,whichwereselectedbynumerousmediaincludingtheAmazonwebsiteofUnitedStates,NationalPublicRadiobestbookoftheyear,Buzzedbestfictionbooks,“Huffingtonpost”and“Oprah”bestbooksoftheyear15fortheyeartoreadliteratureandfictionbooksandmanyotherhonors.

ThenovelnarratesatragicstoryofamixedracefamilyinasmalltownintheUnitedStatesin1970s.Aroundthedeathoftheseconddaughter,Lydiainthisfamily,theauthorshowsthesurfaceoftheharmoniousfamilyproblemsandsecretburiedintheheartsofeveryoneinthisfamilyfromdifferentlevels.Inthenovel,Lydia’sfather,Jameswantedtointegrateintotheenvironment;hermother,Marilynwaseagertoescapeoutoftheordinarypeople;herbrother,Nathgotawayfromfamilyregardlessofpersonaldanger.Lydiabaredthedualloveofparents,littledaughterHannahexistedlikeair.Finally,thedeathwouldshowalltheproblems,everyonehadtofacethecruelreality.Untiltheendofthenovel,Lydia’sdeathwasamystery.Howshedied?

Andhowshouldeverylivingmancontinuetoliveafterherdeath. TheauthorabandonstheidentityofChineseAmericansandtheidentityofNativeAmericansasanoutsidertoexploretheachievementsoflife,race,gender,familyandpersonalpath,givingfullexpressionofthefamily’sstressandburdenwhichiscausedbythesociety.Sherepresentedsomevaluablethingsthattranscendnationandculture.Thatistheuniversallifeexperienceofpeople—family,loveandloss,everyonecanfindtheirownshadowmoreorlessfromthecharactersinthebook.

Sincethenovelwaspublished,manyscholarshaveuseddifferenttheoriestoexplainthenovelfromdifferentperspectives.However,mostofthestudiesarefocusedonwomen’sconsciousness,parent-childcycleandthewritingofmarginalcharacters.ThisthesisisforthepurposeofanalyzingthecausesofLydia’stragedy.Throughtheanalysisofitsinternalandexternalfactorstoreflecttheimportanceoffamilyandsocialenvironmentforpersonalgrowth,andtheauthorhopesthiswillattractattentionofeveryoneinsociety.

2.TheInternalReasonsofLydia’sTragedy

LydiaisLee’ssecondchild.Sheistheonlychildinthefamilytoinheritthemother’sblueeyes,soshecouldgetmoreattentionandlovefromherparents.TheythoughtthatLydiawouldbeabletofulfilltheirwishesandmeettheirexpectations.Becauseofthisspecialconcern,Lydiadependedonhisparentsfromchildhood.Whenshewasfiveyearsold,thesuddendisappearanceofhermothermadeLydialoseherbalanceandfearthelifewithouthermother.Lydiamadeuphismindthatifhermothercameback,shewoulddoeverythinghermotherwanted.Fromthenon,shelostherselfandstruggledinhermother'sdream,becomingapersonwhoherparentswantedtosee.

2.1TheCharacterofLydia

Personalitydeterminesaperson’slaterdevelopment.Lydiawasacleverandsensiblechild,butshewasveryindependent.Lydia’ssubmissivepersonalitymadehercouldnotfindherownpositioninthehighlyanticipatedenvironmentofparents,whichledtothetragedy.Somepeoplehavestrongindependenceinlife,vulnerabletotheimpactoftheexternalenvironment,easytogotoextremes.“Inordertogetotherswarmthorpsychologicalsatisfaction,peoplewillgiveuptheirownhobbies,evencompromises.Therefore,thiskindofpsychologywillgraduallylimitandhindertheirinitiative,independenceandhobbies. Whentherelationshipends,thereisanunusualsenseofhopelessnessorasenseofdoom.”（Yang93）.Thiskindofperformancefromtheviewofpsychologicalpointisadependentpersonalitydisorder.Thissymptomoftencamefromachildhoodexperience.Themainbehavioralcharacteristicsofdependentpersonalitywereobedienceandattachment,andfearofseparation.Lydiainthenovelwasatypicalpatientwithdependentpersonalitydisorder.Hersymptomswereabsoluteobediencetohermotherandattachmenttoherbrother.Asapearlinthepalmoftheparents,Lydiadependedonhisparentssinceshewasyoung.Afterthedisappearanceofhermother,shebegantohavenightmareseverynightandthoughtthathermother’sdeparturewasduetoherfailuretomeetherexpectations.SoLydiadeterminedthatshewouldmeeteveryrequestofhermotherandneverlethermotherdownaslongashermothercouldgoback.Lydiabeganthelifeagainstherwillafterhermotherreturningtothefamily.“Everynightasmallpromiseextractedfromhermother:

thatshewouldbethereinthemorning.Andinreturn,Lydiakeptherownpromise:

shedideverythinghermotherasked.”（Wu145-146）.Lydiausedherholidaystohavelessonsinexchangeforherparents’happiness,althoughshewasnotinterestedinthosecourses.Astimewentby,Lydiahadtotakemoreandmorelessons,andhermother’sincreasingdemandsmadeLydiaunhappy.Sheknewclearlythatshecouldnothavealifeapartfromadoctor.AlthoughLydiahadnodesireforthelifewhichwasarrangedbyhermother,sheneversaidno,butchosetokeepherpromisetohermother.Forthefather’sexpectations,Lydiahadtomeetherfather’srequestwithnumerousliesbecauseshelosttheopportunitytomakefriendswhenshewassatisfiedwithhermother.Andsheneversaidanythingaboutthistoherparents.Evenineachfestivalwhenherparentsgaveheragiftshedidnotlike,shewouldendurethemoodtoacceptitwithafakesmile,andthenputitaside.Sheknewthateverygiftwascarriedtheexpectationsandloveofherparents,whichmadeherbreathless.HoweverLydia’ssubmissivepersonalitymadeheracceptthesepressuresagainandagain.Despitetheinnerstruggle,cowardicemadeLydiacouldnotresisthermother.Andlettheirresistiblepainswallowheralreadynumbsoul.

Lydiawastheuniversalcenterofthewholefamily