北京大学考博英语模拟题10.docx
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北京大学考博英语模拟题10
北京大学考博英语模拟题10
PartⅠVocabulary
1.Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfrom______whichwewishtoperceive.
A.it
B.these
C.that
D.those
答案:
C
that作from的宾语,同时又在句中充当先行词。
2."Theeffectofthismedicine______bymidnight,"thedoctortoldEmma
"Youhadbetternottrytoreadtonight."
A.willwearoff
B.wearsoff
C.willhavewornoff
D.willbewornoff
答案:
B
当表示普遍规律时应该用一般现在时,因此B项为正确答案。
3.Cookedvegetablesarealsovaluablesourcesofcertainvitaminsandminerals,ifthejuiceiseatenandifnotcooked______.
A.toolongatime
B.alongtimetoo
C.muchtimelong
D.longmuchtime
答案:
A
[解答]根据句义,选项中的time指“一段时间”,是个可数名词,前面应当用不定冠词a.故排除掉选项C和D。
副词too修饰形容词的时候,意思是“太……”;放在句子最后修饰整个句子时,表示“也……”。
因此,A项和B项相比,A项“一段太长的时间”更符合句意。
4."IsGeorgereallyleavingtheuniversity?
....Yes,butwouldyoumind______toanyone':
"
A.nottomentionit
B.notmentionit
C.notmentioningit
D.nottomentioningit
答案:
C
[解答]动词mind后面要求跟动名词,构成minddoingsomething,4个选项中只有C符合结构要求。
选项A是小定式,不能与mind搭配;而选项B和D从语法规范上来讲,既不是不定式,又不是动名词形式,所以是错误的。
5.Hipreplacementsurgeryis______jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S..
A.thesinglemostfrequent
B.themostsinglefrequent
C.thesinglefrequent
D.asinglefrequent
答案:
B
[解答]本题答案是B。
形容词使用的顺序:
大小长短形状+新旧颜色国籍+出处材料用途类别。
按照最高级用法可知应把themost放在形容词的前面。
single一词表示种类,frequent表示频率,不属于以上使用顺序的某一类,因此放在single一词之后。
6.Acometisdistinguishedfromotherbodiesinthesolarsystem______.
A.intoitsappearance
B.offitsappearance
C.byitsappearance
D.toitsappearance
答案:
C
distinguishfromsb./sth.bysth.的意思是“由于……显得和……不同”。
因此正确答案为C。
7.Can'tyouspeakmore______toyourparents?
A.respectably
B.respectingly
C.respectively
D.respectfully
答案:
D
[解答]respectably意为“体面的”;respectingly意为“关系,说到”;respectively意为“分别的”;respectfully意为“尊敬地”。
本句话意思是:
难道你对父母说话时不能再尊敬些吗?
8.Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersons______fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.
A.byaccident
B.onaverage
C.onoccasion
D.atrandom
答案:
D
byaccident偶然的。
onaverage平均的。
onoccasion有时。
atrandom随意的。
9.ThemajorobstacletothereforminNewOrleans,______,ismoney.
A.asisitacrossthecountry
B.asitisacrossthecountry
C.asitwereacrossthecountry
D.aswereitacrossthecountry
答案:
B
[解答]acrossthecountry意思是“全国各地”,而主句是现在时,across是介词,因此本题答案为B。
10.TheschemewassoimpracticablethatIrefusedeven______.
A.toconsidersupportingit
B.consideringtosupportit
C.toconsideringtosupportit
D.consideringsupportingit
答案:
B
11.Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.
A.aswellas
B.disregardfor
C.letalone
D.notmentioning
答案:
C
[解答]句意是:
挤得像沙丁鱼一样,汗流浃背的乘客在幽闭的地铁车厢里几乎无法呼吸,更不用说自由移动了。
aswellas“和,同,既……又”;disregardfor“忽视,轻视”;letalone“更不用说”;notmentioning“没有提及”。
因此本题选C。
12.ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity______shockandangernotonlythroughoutAmericabutalsothroughoutthewholeworld.
A.enveloped
B.summoned
C.tempted
D.provoked
答案:
D
envelop把…包住,裹住。
summon召唤,召集。
tempt诱惑,吸引。
provoke激起,惹起。
13.Somereaders,especiallychildren,findhisworksamongthemost______bookstheyhaveeverread.
A.captivating
B.captivated
C.capturable
D.captious
答案:
A
[解答]本题答案是A。
A项的意思是:
迷人的,有吸引力的。
根据“最有吸引力的书”可知只有A项符合题意。
14.Theroomisso______withfurniturethatitishardtomoveabout.
A.muddled
B.cluttered
C.distributed
D.scattered
答案:
B
[解答]muddled意为“混乱的”;cluttered意为“杂乱”;distributed意为“分布的”;scattered意为“分散的”。
本句话意思是:
乱七八糟地堆着旧家具。
B项符合题意。
如:
Hisdeskisclutteredupwitholdbooks.(他的桌子上乱糟糟地堆满旧书)。
15.HongKongwasnotatargetforterrorattacks,theGovernmentinsistedyesterday,astheUS______closedforanapparentsecurityreview.
A.Consultation
B.Constitution
C.Consulate
D.Consular
答案:
C
consulate领事馆;consultation请教,咨询,磋商;constitution宪法;consular领事的。
16."Theysaidwhatwealwaysknew,"saidanadministrationsource,______.
A.heaskednottobenamed
B.whoaskednottobenamed
C.whoaskednotbenamed
D.whoaskednotnamed
答案:
B
who引导定语从句,修饰administrationsource。
asksb.nottodo是固定结构。
askednottobenamed要求不具名。
17.Remembertoaskfora______ofqualityfortheconsumergoods;otherwisetheywillnotof-feranymaintenance.
A.certificate
B.mark
C.warranty
D.receipt
答案:
C
18.Thepatientisnotingoodcondition,sodonot______yourvisit.
A.lengthen
B.delay
C.extend
D.prolong
答案:
D
[解答]lengthen意为“延长(一般指长度)”;delay意为“延迟”;extend意为“扩充,延伸”;prolong意为“拖延”。
本句话意思是:
病人的情况不太好,所以不要拖延探望时间。
D项符合题意,如:
Thedelegationdecidedtoprolongtheirvisitbyoneweek.(代表团决定把访问延长一个星期)。
19.Australiaisstrugglingtocopewiththeconsequencesofadevastatingdrought.Astheworldwarmsup,othercountriesshouldpay______
A.heel
B.heal
C.heed
D.head
答案:
C
[解答]固定搭配,payheed意为“留心,注意”,即正确答案为C。
20.Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow______forit.
A.nonetheworse
B.nonethebetter
C.neverworse
D.neverbetter
答案:
B
[解答]本题考查固定搭配,nonethebetterforit意思为“不因此而好些”。
PartⅡReadingComprehension
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheUSeconomy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.
OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheUSCensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseUSeconomicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.
Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.
HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.
TheHudsoninstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworker.Amongthereport'srecommendations:
TaxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits.regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearchers,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis______
A.constructive.
B.significant.
C.inconclusive.
D.detrimental.
答案:
D
[解答]题干问:
“哈德森研究所的研究人员认为,有经验的工人提前退休对美国经济产生的影响是……”。
此题可定位于文章第1自然段,该段的主题为有经验的工人提前退休正在严重损害美国的经济,因此D“有害的”为正确选项。
而选项A“建设性的”和选项B“意义重大的”与原文信息相反,选项C“不确定的”,原文明确讲述了这种提前退休的现象对美国经济是有害的,因此选项C也不正确。
2.TheolderexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay______
A.doharmtoyoungergenerations.
B.endupwithfewornobenefits.
C.giveplaytotheirpotentials.
D.shedlightonsocialtrends.
答案:
B
[解答]题干问:
“美国有经验的老工人常常提前退休原因在于他们延长工作也许会……”。
正确选项为B“最终获得极少或得不到好处”。
此题可定位于文章第3自然段,该段讲述可’老工人提前退休的原因在于虽然收入会增长,但是交纳的税也会增长,因此个人获得的利润是极少的。
而选项A“对后代有害”,选项C“展示他们的潜能”和选项D“进一步了解社会的动向”是原文片语信息的编造。
3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat______
A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfuture.
B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomicoutput.
C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated.
D.alderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits.
答案:
A
[解答]题干问:
“写作第二段主要是为了说明……”。
第2自然段作者通过对比老年人和青壮年的人口增长率,说明了美国即将面临劳动力短缺的问题。
且文章第1自然段最后一句也讲述了美国有经验的人提前退休造成劳动力短缺的问题。
因此A“在不久的将来劳动力将急剧短缺”为正确选项。
而选项B“战后生育高峰时期出生的人对美国的经济产量做出了巨大的贡献”,是对原文信息的错误理解。
选项C“政府关于老年人的政策已经过时了”,文中虽然提到必须改变政府的政策,但这并不是第二段的写作目的。
选项D“老工人热衷于领取社会福利”偏离了第二段讲述的中心。
Parkinson'sdisease,firstdescribedintheearly1800sbyBritishphysicianJamesParkinsonas"shakingpalsy",isamongthemostprevalentneurologicaldisorders.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,atleastfourmillionpeopleworldwidehaveit;inNorthAmerica,estimatesrunfrom500,000toonemillion,withabout50,000diagnosedeveryyear.Thesefiguresareexpectedtodoubleby2040astheworld'selderlypopulationgrows;indeed,Parkinson'sandotherneurodegenerativeillnessescommonintheelderly(suchasAlzheimer'sandamyotrophiclateralsclerosis)areontheirwaytoovertakingcancerasaleadingcauseofdeath.Butthediseaseisnotentirelyoneoftheaged:
50percentofpatientsacquireitafterage60