隧道施工外文翻译.docx

隧道施工外文翻译.docx

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隧道施工外文翻译

附录二外文参考文献及翻译

NATMtunneldesignprincipleintheconstructionofmajorandConstructionTechnology

W.Broere

I.TheNATMDesignPrinciple

1.Tunneldesignandconstructionoftwomajortheoreticalanddevelopmentprocess

Sincethe20thcentury,humanspaceonthegroundfloorofthegrowingdemand,thustheundergroundworksofthestudyofarapiddevelopment.Inalargenumberofundergroundengineeringpractice,itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthetunnelandundergroundcavernproject,thecoreoftheproblem,allupintheexcavationandretainingtwokeyprocesses.Howexcavation,itwillbemoreconducivetothestabilityandcavernfacilitatesupport:

Formoresupport,Supportinghowtheycanmoreeffectivelyensurestabilityandfacilitatethecavernexcavation.Thisisthetunnelsandundergroundworkstwopromoteeachotherandcheckeachother'sproblems.

Tunnelsandundergroundcaverns,andfocusingonthecoreissueswiththeabovepracticeandresearch,indifferentperiods,Peopleofdifferenttheoriesandgraduallyestablishedasystemofdifferenttheories,Eachsystemincludestheoryandresolve（orarestudyingtheresolution）fromtheworksofunderstanding（concept）,mechanics,engineeringmeasurestotheconstructionmethods（Technology）,aseriesofengineeringproblems.

Atheoryofthe20thcenturythe1920sthetraditional"loadrelaxationtheory."Itscorecontentis:

astablerockself-stability,noload:

unstablerockmayhavecollapsed.needshoringstructuretobesupported.Thus,theroleofthesupportingstructureoftherockloadiswithinacertainrangemaybeduetorelaxationandcollapseofrockgravity.Thisisatraditionaltheory,andtheirrepresentativeisTaishajiandPrincipe'sandothers.Itworkssimilartothesurfaceissuesofthethinkingisstillwidelyusedto.

Anothertheoryofthe20thcenturymadethe1950sthemoderntheoryoftimberingor"rockforthetheory."Itscorecontentis:

rockstabilityisclearlybearingrocktotheirownself-stability:

unstablerocklossofstabilityisaprocess,andifthisprocessinprovidingthenecessaryhelporrestrictionswillstillbeabletoentertherocksteadystate.ThistheoreticalsystemofrepresentativecharactersLabuxiweici,Miller-Feiqieer,Fenner-DaluoboandKashitenaiothers.Thisisamoremoderntheory,itisalreadyoutofthegroundworkstoconsidertheideas,andundergroundworksclosertoreality,thepast50yearshasbeenwidelyacceptedandapplied.demonstratedbroaddevelopmentprospects.

Canbeseenfromtheabove,theformertheorymoreattentiontothefindingsandtheresultsoftreatment:

Thelattertheoryisevenmoreattentiontotheprocessandthecontroloftheprocess,rightfromtherockforthefullutilizationofcapacity.Giventhisdistinction,whichboththeoryandmethodsintheprocess,eachwithdifferentperformancecharacteristics.NATMtheoryisrockforthetunnelengineeringpracticeintherepresentationmethod.

2.NATM

NATMthatthenewAustrianTunnelingMethodshorttheoriginalisinNewAustrianTunnelingMethod,referredtoastheNATM.Francesaiditconvergenceboundorsomecountriesallegedtoobservethedynamicdesignandconstructionofthebasicprinciples.

NATMconceptoffilibusteringXiweiciAustriascholarsinthe20thcentury,Professorageof50.Itwasbasedontheexperienceofboththetunnelandrockmechanicstheory,willboltandshotcretecombinationasamajormeansofsupportingaconstructionmethod,Austria,Sweden,Italyandothercountries,manypracticalandtheoreticalstudyinthe1960sandpatentedofficiallynamed.FollowingthisapproachinWesternEurope,Scandinavia,theUnitedStatesandJapanandmanyotherundergroundworkswithaveryrapiddevelopment,havebecomemoderntunnelsnewtechnologieslandmark.Nearly40yearsago,therailwaysectorthroughresearch,design,constructioncombining,inmanyconstructionofthetunnel,accordingtotheirowncharacteristicssuccessfullyappliedanewAustrianlaw,mademoreexperience,haveaccumulatedlargeamountsofdata,Thisistheapplicationstage.However,intheroadsectorNATMofonly50%.Currently,theNewAustrianTunnelingMethodalmostbecomeweakandbrokenrocksectionofatunnelconstructionmethod,technicalandeconomicbenefitsareclear.NATMthebasicpointscanbesummarizedasfollows:

（1）.Rocktunnelstructureisthemainloadingunit,theconstructionmustfullyprotecttherock,itminimizethedisturbancetoavoidexcessivedamagetotheintensityofrock.Tothisend,theconstructionofsub-sectionshouldnotblocktoomuch,excavationshouldbeusedsmoothblasting,presplitblastingormechanicaltunneling.

（2）.Inordertogivefullplaytorockthecarryingcapacityshouldbeallowedtocontrolandrockdeformation.Whileallowingdeformation,whichcanbearockbearingring;Theotherhand,havetolimitit,Rockisnotsolaxandexcessivelossorgreatlyreducedcarryingcapacity.Duringconstructionshouldbeusedwithrockcloseto,thetimelybuildingpuzzlekeepsstrengtheningFlexiblesupportstructure,suchasboltingandshotcretingsupporting.Thisadjustmentwillbeadoptedsupportingstructuralstrength,Stiffnessanditsparticipationintheworkofthetime（includingtheclosureoftime）tocontrolthedeformationoftherockmass.

（3）.Inordertoimprovethesupportstructure,themechanicalproperties,theconstructionshouldbeclosedassoonaspossible,andtobecomeaclosedcylindricalstructure.Inaddition,thetunnelshapewitharoundshould,asfaraspossible,toavoidthecornerofthestressconcentration.

（4）.Constructionrightthroughtherockandsupportingthedynamicobservation,measurement,andreasonablearrangementsfortheconstructionprocedures,changesinthedesignandconstructionmanagementoftheday-to-day.

（5）.Tolaywaterprooflayer,orissubjecttoboltcorrosion,deteriorationofrockproperties,rheological,swellingcausedbythefollow-uptoload,usecompositelining.

（6）.Lininginprinciple,andtheearlyrockdeformationSupportingthebasicstabilityoftheconditionsunderconstruction.rockandsupportingstructureintoawhole,therebyimprovingthesupportsystemofsecurity.

NATMabovethebasicelementscanbebrieflysummarizedas:

"lessdisturbance,earlysprayanchor,groundmeasurements,closedtight."

3．WithaspringtounderstandtheprincipleNATM

（1）.CavernbrinkofapointAintheoriginalexcavationagowithstress（stressself-respectandtectonicstress）inastateofequilibrium.AsanelasticstiffnessofthespringK,P0undercompressioninastateofequilibrium.

（2）.Cavernexcavation,Apointinattackinglosefaceconstraints,theoriginalstressstatetobeadjusted,iftheintensityofrockbigenough,Afterlessstressadjustmentsmaycaverninastablecondition（withoutsupport）.Butmostofthegeologicalconditionsofthepoor,thatis,afterthestresscavernadjustments,suchasweakprotection,wecouldhaveconvergencedeformation,eveninstability（landslides）,mustbeprovidedtosupportpowerPE,inordertopreventlandslidesinstability.EquivalenttotheSpringofdeformationu,intheroleofPEisnowinthemidstofastateofequilibrium.

（3）.Bythemechanicalbalanceequation,wecanseeinthespringP0roleinastateofequilibrium;Springintheeventofdeformationu,PEintheroletheywillbeinequilibrium,assumingspringelasticityofK,were:

P0=PE+Ku

Discussion:

（1）Whenu=0,thatisnotallowedP0=PErockdeformation,isarigidsupport,noteconomic;

（2）whenu↑,PE↓;Whenu↓,PE↑.Thatis,rockdeformationoccurred,thereleaseofsomeoftheload（unloading）,weshouldallowsomeextentrockdeformation,togivefullplaytorockthecapacityforself.Isaneconomicsupportmeasures,therockself-stabilityP=P0-PE=Ku;

（3）Whenu=umax,landslides,haverelaxationloadandunsafe.

4.Points

（1）.Rockcavernexcavationisaffectedbythatpartofrock（soil）body,therockisatrinity:

havealoadbearingstructure,buildingmaterials.

（2）.Tunnelconstructionisintherockstressisofspecialarchitecturalenvironment,whichcannotbeequatedwiththeconstructionontheground.

（3）.Tunnelstructurerock+=bracingsystem.

II.ThenewAustrianhighwayconstructioninthebasicmethod

NATMoneofthecharacteristicsisthescenemonitoring,measurementinformationtoguideconstruction,throughthetunnelconstructionmeasurereceiptsandexcavationofthegeologicalobservationforpredictionandfeedback.Andinaccordancewiththeestablishedbenchmarkformeasuringthetunnelconstruction,excavationsectionstepsandsequences,Supportingtheinitialparametersforreasonableadjustmentstoguaranteethesafetyofconstruction,atunnelrockstability,thequalityoftheprojectandsupportingstructureoftheeconomyandsoon.Theauthorofcommitments（Chengde）Chek（Chifeng）EastMaojingbaTunnelNATMbasicconstructionmethodforinvestigationconcluded,synthesisofanewhighwaytunnelNatmtheselectionofdifferenttypesandthebasiccharacteristicsoftheconstructionmethodsandtips.

1.Atunnelconstructionmethodofchoicetunnelconstructionmethodofchoice,mainlybasedontheengineeringgeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditionsConstruction,rocktype,burieddeeptunnel,thetunnelsectionsizeandlengthliningtypes,Constructionshouldbethepremiseofsafetyandengineeringqualityatthecore,andwiththeuseofthetunnelfunction,thelevelofconstructiontechnology,Constructionmachineryandequipment,timerequirementsandeconomicfeasibilityoffactorstoconsiderinselection.

Whenchoosingthemethodfortunnelconstructiononthesurroundingenvironmentnegativelyaffecte