研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文.docx

研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文.docx

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研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文

研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文

UnitlAnImageoraMirage?

Thereisadistinctdifferencebetweenawinningimageandamirage.Amirageisanillusion,andinyourQuestforawinningimage,youmustbecapableofidentifyingsuchmirages.

Oneofthecommonmisreadimagesstemsfromwhatpeoplethinkabouteyecontact.Howmanytimeshaveyouheard,“Youcantellhe'sanhonestmanbecausehelooksyoustraightintheeye.''Evidently,manypeoplemustbelievethatadishonestmanfeelssoashamedthathe'snottellingthetruththathecan'tevenfacethemdirectly.Butwhataboutanhonestindividualwhoistooshytolookstraightatyou?

Furthermore,agoodcanartistknowsthatmanypeoplejudgeintegritybythewayonelooksatthem,sohedeliberatelyincludeseyecontactinhisact.Becauseyoucan'tcountoneyecontactasaninfallibletest,youshouldneveruseittoevaluateanotherperson"shonesty.Nonetheless,sincemostpeopledojudgeothersbythiscriterion,besurethatyoualwayslookthemsquarelyintheeye.

Evaluatingaman'shonestybythewayhelooksatyoumakesnomoresensethanjudginghisintegritybythewayyourdogorcatreactstohim.Yethowmanytimeshaveyouheardadog'smastersay,"That'sinteresting—Thordoesn'ttaketostrangersveryoften.He'sagoodjudgeofhumannature,andthefactthathe'sfriendlywithyoutellsmesomegoodthingsaboutyou."OncewhenIwasinthehomeofamprospect,hiscat,Tiger,tooksuchalikingtomethathesatonmyshoulderduringmyentiresalespresentation.WhenIwasfinished,myprospect,swifesaid,"Mr.Shook,Tigeronlydoesthatwithmembersofourimmediatefamily.Youmustbeaveryhonestpersonforhertobesofriendlytoyou.”

ThetruthofthematterwasthatIrefrainedfrompushingthecatoffbecauseIwasafraidshe'dripmysuitorscratchmyeyesout.However,Ireplied,“Yes,ma'am,Tigerobviouslyhassomekindofinstinctthatenableshertoaccuratelyjudgehumans.Shesureisagoodjudgeofcharacter."EventhoughTigerhappenedtoberightinmycase,I

personallyputverylittlefaithinananimal'sinstinctualabilitytojudgepeople.I'dsayhisreactionshavemoretodowithodorsandbodymovement.

Somepeoplejudgeanotherpersonbythewayheorsheshakeshands.Agood,stronggriprepresentscharacter,whilea“deadfish”handshake!

isabadsign.1,too,disliketheflabbyhandshakewithnolifetoit,butIamcarefulnotmtouseitasabasisforjudginganindividual.Again,it's

tooeasyforaconartisttoputaheartyhandshakeintohisact.Thoughyoushouldgiveafirmhandshakesoyou'11immediatelycreateagood

impression,don'tplacetoomuchweightonthenextfellow*sgrip;

itdoesn'ttellyouanythingconcreteabouthim.

There*scertainclean-cutappearancethatcreatesanhonestimage.Forexample,ablond,blue-eyedyoungmanwithaboyishgrinandalookthattypifiestheboy-next-door,All-Americantype'willalmostalwaysinspireconfidenceinmothers.Thereisnologicalreasonforplacingsuchblindfaithinamansimplybecauseofthewayhelooks,yetmostpeopledomakesuchquickjudgments.Conversely,theseedymanwithdarkoilyskin,greasyblackhair,andamoustacheisnotconsideredhonest-looking.Similarly,awomanmayhavethemlookswhichareusuallyassociatedwiththoseofastreetwalker,whereasahigh-pricedcallgirlmaylookrefinedandrefreshing.Naturally,clothesand—inthecaseofwomen—

cosmetics,haveagreatdealtodowithsuchaforementionedappearances,butunfortunatelyaperson*smnaturallooks,overwhichheorshehaslittlecontrol,playanimportantpartinthejudgmentsmostpeoplewillmake.Ipitythehard-working,honestsalesmanwhowasbornwiththelooksthatmakepeopleautomaticallythink,"He'snotthekindofmanI'dwanttobuyausedcarfrom!

nOntheotherhand,averydeviousindividualmaylooklikethetypeyoucantrust.Howcanyoubesurethatthehitchhikerwholookssoclean-cutisanylessdangerousthantheonewho,becauseofhisappearance,lookslikearisk?

Andhowcanyoubesurethatthisonereallyisarisk?

Thepointisthatwearemostoftenbeingcompletelyunreasonableinmakingsuchsnapdecisions.

Onalargerscale,votersoftenreactfavorablytoapoliticiansimplybecauseofhisclean-cutappearance.Hisopponentisoftenjudgednegativelybecausehehasnotbeenblessedwithnaturallooksthatgeneratetrust.Thiskindofjudgmentiserroneous,andtheconsequencescanproducedevastatingresults.Granted,manypeoplevoteforacandidatestrictlybecauseofpoliticalissues,buttheclean-cutimagecantipthescalesinfavorofthewrongmaninacloseelection.

Wemakesnapjudgmentsaboutpeopleonthebasisofhowtheyexpressthemselves.Toreverttopolitics,manyvotersjudgeacandidatetsabilitybythewayhemakesapublicspeech.Butthoughacandidatemaybeaneffectivespeaker,hemaynotbecapableofdoingthejobforwhichheisrunning.Iknowmanyhighlytalentedmenwhosimplyhavenotdevelopedanabilitytospeakwellinpublic,butwhoareexcellentincommunicatingwithothersonaone-to-onebasis.Theabilitytoexpressyourselfstronglyisalwaysimportant,butwearetoooftenwronglyimpressedbythemanwhocomesacrossaseloquent,sinceitisalwayspossiblethatthisvirtueisonlyaskin-deep.”Yetitiseasytoimagine

apoliticianwithaclean-cutlookandamagneticspeakingvoicerompingalloverhisunassumingbutbetterqualifiedopponent.Hewinssolelybecausehisimageisconvincing.

Aftermanyyearsofinterviewingandhiringsalesmen,Ihavereachedtheconclusionthatthemanwiththeglibtonguedoesn'tnecessarilybecomethetopproducer.Thoughthereisadefiniteadvantageinhavingaunaturalnsellingpersonality,moreoftenthannotthesalesmanwithgoodworkinghabits,propermotivation,andcommitmentistheonewhobecomesthebestinhiscompany.Toooften,thesalesmanagerwhohiressalesmensimplybecauseoftheirextrovertedandflamboyantpersonalitieswillhaveahighturnover.

Anotherinfluencingfactoristheeffectproducedonthelistenerbythesoundofaname.Atsometimeoranother,we'veallbeenguiltyofhastilyforminganunwarrantedopinionwhenweheara“winningnamen

asopposedtoa,losing"one.Hollywoodrecognizedthisfactlongagowhenthestudiosbeganchangingthestars'realnames.OneofmyfavoritemovielinesisJamesBond"sresponsetoPussyGalore*,theheroineinthemovieGoldfinger.Meetingherforthefirsttime,hecanonlyexclaim,“Imustbedreaming!

nHadhernamebeenHarriettFinkelstein,theaudiencewouldneverhavebeenabletoappreciateoneofthescreen*sall-timegreatnames!

Yet,nomatterhowgreatanameis,usingitasacriterioninevaluatingcharacterisjustasillogicalasdeterminingaperson*svaluebyahandshake.

Thebeautiful,sexyredheadisn'talwaysthebestbedpartner,noristhebig,strongman,whomweusuallyexpecttobethehero,alwaysbraverthanthesmall,frailmanonthebattlefield.Likewise,thereisnosoundreasonforbelievingthattheout-of-townattorneyorconsultantisanymoreofanexpertthanthelocalman.Justbecauseyourdentisthastobookyousixmonthsinadvancedoesnotautomaticallymeanthathedoesthebestroot-canalwork.NorwilltheinsuranceagentwhodrivesaMercedes*necessarilygiveyoubetterservicethantheagentwhodrivesaFordsedan.Havingtogothroughamainswitchboard,areceptionist,andaprivatesecretarybeforeyougettospeakwithyourattorneyisnoindicationofhislegalabilities.Ialsohopeyoudon'twithdrawallyoursavingsfromFourthBankanddepositthemwithThirdBankjustbecausetheirnewhomeofficebuildingisseveralstoriestaller.Itisequallyunreasonabletoassumethatahospital-cleanrestaurantservesthebestfood.True,allthesefactorsarenicewindowdressing,andtheyshouldn"tbecompletelyignored,butothermoreimportantfactorsmustbeconsideredbeforeyoumakeanyfinaldecisionsaboutthosewithwhomyou"11dobusiness.

Manyimagesareonlymiragesthatwehavebeenconditionedtoacceptastherealthing.Sodon'tbefooledthenexttimesomebodytellsyouthatTrumanBlueisagreatguybecauseofhiswonderfulsmile,thewayhelookspeoplestraightintheeyewhenhetalkstothem,hisfirmhandshake,andhisremarkablerapportwithpets!

PhrasesandExpressions

inquestfor:

tryingtofind;seeking

whatabout：

whatdoyouthinkabout（sth.）

stemfrom:

arisefrom;haveasitsoriginorcausetaketo:

starttolike

counton:

relyonwithconfidence

takealikingto:

befondof

havetodowithsb.（sth.）：

beconnectedwithorrelatedtosb.

（sth.）tipthescales：

giveaslightadvantagetosb.orsth.beblessedwithsb.（sth.）：

befortunateinhavingsb.（sth.）revertto：

talkaboutagain;gobackto（aformersubjectofconversation）

comeacross:

makeanimpressionofthespecifiedtypemoreoftenthannot:

veryfrequently

asopposedto:

incontrastto

Unit2IsLoveanArt?

Isloveanart?

Thenitrequiresknowledgeandeffort.Orisloveapleasantsensation,whichtoexperienceisamatterofchance,somethingoneufallsinto”ifoneislucky?

Thislittlebookisbasedontheformerpremise,whileundoubtedlythemajorityofpeopletodaybelieveinthelatter.

Notthatpeoplethinkthatloveisnotimportant.Theyarestarvedforit;theywatchendlessnumbersoffilmsabouthappyandunhappylovestories,theylistentohundredsoftrashysongsaboutlove—yethardly

anyonethinksthatthereisanythingthatneedstobelearnedaboutlove.

Thispeculiarattitudeisbasedonseveralpremiseswhicheithersinglyorcombinedtendtoupholdit.Mostpeopleseethepr