全国月自学考试语言与文化试题.docx

全国月自学考试语言与文化试题.docx

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全国月自学考试语言与文化试题

全国2008年10月自学考试语言与文化试题

课程代码：

00838

I.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativesbestcompletesthestatement.（20%）

isaloanwordfrom_______.（）

A.FrenchB.Latin

C.RomanD.Norwegian

culture,andthought_______,eachinfluencingandshapingtheothertwo.（）

A.alternateB.change

C.interactD.substitute

meddlesomepersonwhopriesintoothers’affairsiscalleda_______.（）

A.busmanB.busybody

C.ladies’manD.do-gooder

meaningisrepresentedbythe_______ofawordinasentence.（）

A.structureB.partofspeech

C.formationD.position

word“international”consistsof_______morphemes.（）

A.2B.3

C.4D.5

ofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue（）

A.EnglishisalanguagewithexplicitgrammarandChineseisalanguagewithimplicitgrammar.

B.ComparedwithChinese,Englishhasmoregrammaticalmorphemesthatareusedmore

frequentlyineitherspeechorwriting.

C.Chinesehasnogrammaticalmorphemes.

D.GrammaticalexplicitnessandconsistencyarerequiredinEnglish.

ofthefollowingnamesisassociatedwithChristianity（）

A.EdgarB.Joseph

C.AlexanderD.Iris

8.Whenyou’dliketomakeareplytothethanksfromothers,youmaysay,“_______”.

（）

A.It’smypleasure.B.No.You’retoopolite.

C.It’smyduty.D.No.

sawacaraccidentwhenhewasdrivinghome.

Theabovesentenceisconnected_______.（）

A.hypotacticallyB.paratactially

C.inaparallelwayD.unreasonably

10.Hedidn’twork.Instead,hewenttoseeamovie.

Thelogicalrelationshipbetweentheabovesentencesis_______.（）

A.additiveB.adversative

C.causalD.temoral

11.“Congresspassestightbudget.”

Fromtheaboveexampleofanewsheadline,wecanseethatthemostsalientfeatureoftheheadlineis_______.（）

A.repetitionB.concision

C.smoothnessD.omission

12.InBritishEnglish,theletter“i”intheword“mobile”ispronouncedas______.（）

A.[]B.[]

C.[ai]D.[i]

13.Ifthespeakerwishestosignalthatitisanotherperson’sturntotalk,heorshewillfinishhisorherpresentutterance,lookdirectlyattheotherperson,andstopgesticulating.Inthissituation,thefunctionofnonverbalmessageis________.（）

A.regulatingB.contradicting

C.accentingD.substituting

14.Nonverbalcommunicationiscommunicationwithout________.（）

A.actionB.gestures

C.eyecontactD.words

15.Theproverb“gossiping,andlyinggohandinhand”isderivedfrom_______.（）

A.theBibleB.Greco-RomanCivilization

C.ChristianityD.geographicknowledge

16.Theproverb“BacchusbathdrownedmorementhanNeptune”isrelatedto________.

（）

A.navigationB.wine

C.geographyD.history

17.InbothEnglishandChinese________maybeassociatedwithpride.（）

A.owlsB.bears

C.peacocksD.mules

18.“Thatideawon’tsell”illustratesthemetaphorthat“________”.（）

A.IdeasaremoneyB.Ideasareinstruments

C.IdeasareresourcesD.Ideasarecommodities

19.Many,thoughnotall,swearwordsinEnglisharerelatedto________.（）

A.ChristianityB.Greco-Romanmythology

C.sexismD.racism

20.________maybeusedbyraciststorefertoJews.（）

A.JapsB.Dagos

C.PolacksD.Kikes

II.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichalternativescancompletethestatement.Theremightbemorethanonecorrectanswer.（10%）

21.Cultureinitstechnicalsenseis________.（）

A.humanspecificB.asocialphenomenon

C.anationalphenomenonD.ahistoricalphenomenon

22.Theword“woman”canbedefinedconceptuallyas________.（）

A.anadultfemaleB.biped

C.longhairwearingD.pronetotears

23.Intermsofonomatopoeicwords,whichofthefollowingstatementscanberegardedasthetruth（）

A.Englishonomatopoeicwordscanbeusedasverbs,adjectives,adverbs,nounsandmodifiers.

B.Infacttheyareusedmostfrequentlyasnounsandverbs,thetwomostforcefulwordclasses.

C.OnomatopoeicwordsarelargeinnumberinEnglishandtheyareveryactive.

D.Thegrammaticalfunctionstheycanserveincludethesubject,thepredicate,theobject,theattributeandtheadverbial.

24.Whenyourespondtothecompliment“Youlookveryniceinthisdress”,mostprobablyyouwouldsay“________”.（）

A.Thankyou.

B.No,Idon’tthinksoatall.

C.DoyoureallythinksoIwasnotsurewhetheritsuitsme.

D.It’sverykindofyoutosayso.

25.Accordingtoitscontent,alettercontains________.（）

A.purposeofwritingtheletterB.supportinginformation

C.aroutineremarkD.handwriting

26.Anewsreportnormallyconsistsof________.（）

A.aheadlineB.alead

C.asubtitleD.astory

27.“Chewingone’sfingernails”signifies________.（）

A.relaxationB.emotionalstress

C.worryD.notknowingwhattodo

28.________isderivedfromGreco-Romanmythology.（）

A.EuropeB.theAtlanticOcean

C.VenusD.theforbiddenfruit

29.InEnglish“black”isoftenassociatedwithnegativequalities,asreflectedin____.（）

A.intheblackB.ablackspot

C.inblackandwhiteD.ablacksheep

30.NowadaysagardenershouldNOTbereferredtoasa________.（）

A.sanitationengineerB.beautician

C.landscapearchitectD.mortician

Ⅲ.Fillineachunderlinedspacewithaproperexpression.（20%）

31.Peoplehavetospeakalanguageaccordingtoits____rules____.

32.Thesystemofmeaningshapedinaparticularculturalcontextis___culture-specific_____.

33.AnalyticthinkinginteractswithEnglish,while___holistic___thinkinginteractswithChinese.

34.Givennamesusedasvocativessuggest___familiarity_____betweentheaddresserandtheaddressee.

35.IthasbeenclaimedthatEnglishtextsdevelopinalinearfashion,whileChineseones

developina___spiral_____way.

36.InAmericanEnglish,theequivalentwordof“支票”is___check_____.

37.IntheEnglishbodylanguageforminganOwithone’sthumbandforefingerwhilestretchingouttheremainingthreefingerssignifies___OK_____.

38.“Eachcrosshathitsowninscription”is,relatedto___Christianity_____becauseinittheword“cross”appears.

39.“I’mcharmedbyher”illustratesthemetaphorthat“Loveis___magic_____.”

40.“Tohaveatendencytostretchthetruth”simplymeansto__lie______.

IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.（12%）

41.Whatdoes“aninetofivejob”mean

Regularworkdonebyanemployee,especiallyinanoffice,shop,orfactory.

42.WhatdifferenceistherebetweenEnglishandChineseintermsofhumility

TherearemuchmoretermsofhumilityinChinesethaninEnglish.

43.WhydoChinesepeopleuse“请”lessextensivelyandfrequentlythan“please”usedinEnglish

BecausetherearemanytermsofrespectinChinesewhichcanalsobeusedtoshowcourtesy.

44.Howisnonverbalcommunicationrelatedtoculture

Aslanguageisstronglyinfluencedbyculture,nonverbalcommunicationsystemsareshapedbyculture.Ineachcultureauniquenonverbalcommunicationsystemscanbefound.

V.Translation.（18%）

45．功利婚姻

amarriageofconvenience

46．你真是红光满面。

Yourfaceisglowingwithhealth.

47.Heisasstrongasahorse.

他力大如牛

48.MillsofGodgrindslowbutsure.

天网恢恢，疏而不漏

49.Besidesfootball,themostpopulargamesintheUnitedStatesarebaseballandbasketball.

在美国，最流行的运动除了橄榄球就是棒球和篮球。

50.Policeactionreferstoalocalizedmilitaryactionundertakenwithoutformaldeclarationof

warbyregularforcesagainstpersonsheldtobeviolatorsofinternationalpeaceandorder.

‘Policeaction’这个词语是指‘未经正式宣战，而对破坏国际和平与秩序的破坏者采取的镇压行动’.

VI.Discussthefollowingtopics.（20%）

51.WhyarebranchingsentencepatternspreferredinEnglish

ItisknownthatWesternersaregoodatanalyticthinking.Analyticthinkersareinclinedtoattendtothecomponentpartsofanobject,conceptoreventandtotherelationshipsamongthem.Thereforetheyhaveaclearerpictureabouttherelationshipsbetweenthelingusiticitemsinasentence.AnalyticthinkinginteractsEnglish,thusthebranchingsentencepatterndominatesinEnglish.

52.WhataretermsofhumilityAndwhatarethecross-culturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseintermsofhumility

Termsofhumilityarethoseexpressionsusedtoshowthespeaker’smodesty.Tosoundmodestandhumble,whichisimportanttoChinesepeople,onemighthavetousetermsofhumilitytorefertooneself,one’srelativesandone’sbelongings.SoinChinesetermsofhumilityarelargeinunmberandareusedquitefrequentlyininterpersonalcommunication.Englishspeakersvaluehighlyfamiliarityandthereforedonotneedmanytermsofhumilityinverbalcommunication.