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考研必备考研英语真题及解析
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005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on
ANSWERSHEET1(10points)
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwith
animals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceiving
thosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weare
extremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellseven
whentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.
Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothe
smellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smell
receptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithas
beenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toit
oftenenough.
Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingall
thetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourown
smells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmells
whenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergency
signals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
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7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.[A]although
.[A]above
[B]as
[C]but
[D]while
[B]unlike
[B]committed
[B]ignoring
[B]though
[B]ifonly
[C]excluding
[C]dedicated
[C]missing
[C]instead
[C]onlyif
[D]besides
[D]confined
[D]tracking
[D]therefore
[D]asif
.[A]limited
.[A]catching
.[A]anyway
.[A]evenif
.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering
[C]determining[D]detecting
.[A]diluted
.[A]when
[B]dissolved
[B]since
[C]dispersed
[C]for
[D]diffused
[D]whereas
[D]typical
0.[A]unusual
1.[A]signs
[B]particular
[B]stimuli
[B]atall
[C]unique
[C]messages
[C]atlarge
[C]drawn
[D]impulses
[D]attimes
[D]exposed
[D]insufficient
[D]create
2.[A]atfirst
3.[A]subjected
[B]left
4.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient
5.[A]introduce
6.[A]still
[B]summon
[B]also
[C]trigger
[C]otherwise
[D]nevertheless
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1
1
1
2
7.[A]sure
[B]sick
[C]aware
[C]neglect
[D]tired
[D]notice
8.[A]tolerate
9.[A]available
0.[A]similarto
[B]repel
[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable
[B]suchas
[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyour
answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeen
givenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviouris
regardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthis
finelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityin
Atlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyare
good-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehuman
counterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.
SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchers
spenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenough
toexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebut
adjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviour
becamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkey
washandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceof
cucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereither
tossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,
themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduce
resentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,they
areaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitis
notbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusinga
lesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,
whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthe
commonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
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1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.
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A]posingacontrast
B]justifyinganassumption
C]makingacomparison
D]explainingaphenomenon
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2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat________.
[
[
[
[
A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals
B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature
C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother
D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
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3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.
[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget
[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions
[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament
[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
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4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.
[
[
[
[
A]prefergrapestocucumbers
B]canbetaughttoexchangethings
C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated
D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
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5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
Text2
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsisted
thatwedidn’tknowforsure?
Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?
Thattheantismoking
lobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?
LotsofAmericans
boughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowing
threatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhite
House,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.
Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,
BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:
“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.But
sciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworld
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baseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesof
presentactions.”
Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingis
incomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:
by
thetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudent
peoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’s
advisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformore
research—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanic
research.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congress
shouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWest
Virginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthe
countryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingto
protecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
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6.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.
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[
[
[
A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath
B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant
C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife
D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense
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7.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas________.
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[
[
[
A]aprotector
B]ajudge
C]acritic
D]