名词性从句讲解.docx

名词性从句讲解.docx

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名词性从句讲解

名词性从句（NounClauses）杨溢智

多年来,名词性从句是全国各地高考的热点、重点和难点。

笔者在多年教学实践中,潜心研究了其特点,现形成文字材料,以期各位同仁不吝赐教。

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用,相当于名词。

因此统称为名词性从句。

◇◆主语从句TheSubjectClause在句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。

引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether;连接代词who,whose,what,which;及其强调形式whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词when,where,why,how及其强调形式whenever,wherever等。

1.Thathewillcomeiscertain./Itiscertainthathewillcome.

Thatthedrivercouldn’tcontrolhiscarwasobvious.

2.★Whetheritwilldousgoodremainstobeseen.

Whethersheiscoming﹙ornot﹚doesn'tmattertoomuch.

Itdoesn'tmattertoomuchwhethersheiscoming﹙ornot﹚.

★Itwon’tmaketoomuchdifferencewhether/ifhewilljoinus.

（《名师伴你行》P64）★Whetherornotshewillgoisuptohertodecide.（《实用语法》P405）

3.Whowillgomakesnodifference./Itmakesnodifferencewhowillgo.

●Whotheletterwasfromisstillunknown.（《新课标语法》P200）

4.Whosebookitisisnotimportant.5.Whatweneedismoretime.★Whatweneedaremorebooks.

Whatshelookslikedoesn’tmatter.

★Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.（2010浙江,9）

6.Whatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.

Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.

●Whatisevenbetteriswhencountrieshelpeachotherandbuildagoodfriendship.（课标版教材②册P65）

★Whatlittleshesaidhadleftusmuchtothinkabout.

她说的短短几句话很发人深思。

★Whatashameitisyoucan’tstayfordinner!

你不能留下来吃饭多可惜呀！

7.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.

Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.

8.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.

Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.

Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotakeoff?

9.Whereshehasgoneisnotknown./Itisnotknownyetwhereshehasgone.10.Whyhediditwasn'tquiteclear./Itwasn'tquiteclearwhyhedidit.

10.Howhebecameagoodstudentisknowntoall.

Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.

Itisknowntoallhowhebecameagoodstudent.

12.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.（Whoever=Anyone/Anybodywho）

Whoevertoldyoutoquitsmokingwasquiteright.

★Whoeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.

（在实际运用中,whomever常被whoever取代。

）

13.①Whateverhedidwasright.（Whatever=Anythingthat）

②Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

③Whatevercausedtheaccidenthasn’tyetbeenfound.

（Whatever=Anythingthat）④Whateverwaterisleftisusedtobathethechildren.

14.Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.

●____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.

A.NomatterwhatB.Nomatterwhich

C.whateverD.whichever（2006山东）

15.●WheneveryoucomeisOK.你不论何时来都行。

16.●Wherevershewantstogoisnotallowed.无论她想去哪里都是不被允许的。

1.Itbe+adj.+that…Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?

●Itis/wasimportant/natural/necessary/possible/strange主语从句中不论人称和数，动词都可以用（should）+do

Itisnecessarythatheshouldbesentthereatonce.

2.Itbe+nounphrase+that…Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.

3.Itbe+PP.+that…ItissaidthathehasarrivedinBeijing.

●Itis/wasadvised/decided/demanded/ordered/proposed/requested/required/suggested主语从句中不论人称和数，动词都可以用（should）+do

Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.

Itisdemandedthatheleaveatonce.根据要求他应该立即离开。

Itisproposedthatthismatterbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.

有人建议这事下次会议再考虑。

（《动词词典》P634）

Itissuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beheldthisafternoon.

有人建议应该今天下午开会。

4.Itseem/happen…that…IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.

★Itneveroccurredtohimthathewouldgetintotrouble.

他根本没想到他会陷入困境。

5.Itdoesn'tmatter/makesnodifference…that…Itdoesn'tmatterwhethershewillcome（ornot）.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.

6.Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcome?

7.★Itremainstruethatsportisaboutcompetingwell,notwinning.

体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜，一向如此。

★Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.

常见的用形式主语it引导的主语从句结构有：

Itisnowonderthat…难怪…It’sapitythat…很遗憾…

Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itturnedoutthat…结果…

Itisprobablethat…很可能…Itissaidthat…据说…

Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisreportedthat…据报导…

Itiswellknownthat众所周知…Itisthoughtthat…人们认为…

Itoccurredtomethat…我刚刚想到…

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◇◆表语从句ThePredicativeClause

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether,asif/asthough;连接代词who,what,which;,连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.①ThefactisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.

★②Thereasonwhyheisoftenlateforclassisisthathehasthebadhabitofgettinguplateinthemorning.

2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.

3.①Itlookedasif/asthoughitwasgoingtorain.

②Helooksasif/asthoughhewereangry.

●③Allthiswasover20yearsago,butit’sasifitwereonlyyesterday.

4.Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.

●Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.《新编语法P689》

5.①Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.

②Thisiswhathetoldusatthemeeting.

★③Thatiswhatiscalledanewfashion.那就是所谓的“新潮”。

④Shenzhenisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

6.Thequestioniswhichteamwillwinthematch.

7.Thequestioniswhenhewillbeback.Thatiswhenhelivedhere.8.①Thatiswherehewasborn.

②ThatiswhereLuXunoncelived.

③Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.

★④Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?

That’swherethebestjobsare.

（2007浙江）

★⑤That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.

9.①Thatiswhyhewaslate.

②Thatiswhyhelikestheplacesomuch.

★③Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.

10.Thisishowhedidit.

11.Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.情况并不是像表面看起来那样。

△12.Igotwetthrough.ThatwasbecauseIhadnoumbrella.

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◇◆宾语从句TheObjectClause

在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether,if连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever和副词when,where,why,how等。

1.Ithink﹙that﹚hewillbeallright/getwellinafewdays.

Iamafraid﹙that﹚youdonotunderstandwhatIsaid.

●Mendifferfromanimalsinthattheycanwork,think,andspeak.

《新编语法P673注②》

●Littleisknownofhischildhoodexceptthathebegantoworkinafactoryattheageoften.《新编语法P673注②》

在宾语从句中，下列情况，that不可省略。

●

（1）动词后有两个宾语从句，第二个从句的连词that不可省略。

①EveryonecouldseewhatwashappeningandthatpoorGeorgewasreally

scared.

②Ibelieve（that）you’vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.

③BeforeweleftLiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravity

wouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。

（Book3,P30）

●

（2）当连词that之前或之后有插入语时，that不可省略。

①Hesaidthat,ifhecouldmanageit,hewouldcome.

他说如果他能解决得了这件事，他会来的。

②LittleFrankdidn’tknow,I’msure,thatthiswasthelastlessoninFrench.

我肯定小弗兰克不知道这是最后一节法语课。

●（3）在省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时,that不可省略。

---Whatdidhesay?

---ThathewouldvisittheGreatWall.

●（4）当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句之前时，that不可省略。

Napoleonrealizedatoncethathehadneverseenhimbefore.

●（5）当that宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不可省略。

Hepromisedthatifanyonecametosetmefree,Iwouldmakehimkingovertheearth.

●（6）当that宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不可省略。

ImustnevertellanyonethatIcouldnotseethecloth.

●（7）当that宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或者是主语从句时，that不可省略。

Finallytheysaidthatrubbing（搓）thelittlegirl’slegmighthelp.

●（8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，that宾语从句中的that不可省略。

OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.

●（9）当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。

Hethoughtitapitythathemissedthechance.Iwillseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.

2.①Iwonderwhether/ifdaughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.

②Hewantstoknowwhetherornotwewantdinner.

Idon’tcarewhetherornothehasrealizedhismistake.

Hewantstoknowif/whetherwewantanydinnerornot.

Idon’tcareifhehasrealizedhismistakeornot.

（口语中常用）《新编语法P688》

③I’mnotsurewhether/iftheyaredoingtheirbest.

3.①Iamworriedaboutwhetherhewillcome.②Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.

③Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.

4.①Doyouknowwho/whomtheyarewaitingfor?

②Doyouknowwhom/whohewillinvite?

5.①Doyouknowwhowillcome?

★②Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.（MET1998）

★③Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoitis.（2000上海）6.●Iwonderwhomhewantstosee.

Iwonderedtowhomhehadgiventheletter.

7.●Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.

8.⑴①Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.

②Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.

③Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.我对他做的事不感兴趣。

④Hewasneversatisfiedwithorproudofwhathehadachieved.

⑤ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.（B8P2）最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。

⑥Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.（B8P2）两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。

⑵Idonotknowwhatkindofbookheisreading.

Canyoutellmewhattimeitisbyyourwatch?

⑶★Hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrother’sdinnerontable.

他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜。

★ZhengHe’s