《呼啸山庄》希斯克利夫的性格及其成因分析.docx

《呼啸山庄》希斯克利夫的性格及其成因分析.docx

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《呼啸山庄》希斯克利夫的性格及其成因分析

本科毕业论文

希斯克利夫的性格及其成因分析

学院外国语学院

专业英语辅修、双学位

年级2009级

学号***************

姓名聂欢欢

指导教师王勤玲

成绩

二○一一年五月

TheAnalysisofHeathcliff’sCharacterandItsreasonsinWutheringHeights

NieHuanhuan

Supervisor

WangQinling

AThesisSubmittedin

PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeof

B.A.inEnglish

SCHOOLOFFOREIGNLANGUAGES

SOUTHWESTUNIVERSITY

May,2011

Acknowledgements

Manypeoplehavemadeinvaluablecontributions,bothdirectlyandindirectlytomyresearch.Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmeduringthewritingofthethesis.

Firstly,IwouldliketoexpressmywarmestgratitudetoProfessorWangQinling,mysupervisor,forherinstructivesuggestionsandvaluablecommentsonthewritingofthisthesis.

Secondly,IwasindebtedtoalltheteachersintheSchoolofForeignLanguageswhotaughtandhelpedmeinthepasttwoyears.

Besides,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughthesedays.AndIwishtothankallmyfellowclassmateswhogavemehelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Atlast,IwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetotheauthorwhosewordsIhavecitedorquoted,andtothescholarsuponwhoseideasIhavefreelydrawn.

Contents

Acknowledgements1

Abstract3

摘要4

1.Introduction5

2.TheAnalysisoftheCharacterofHeathcliff6

2.1ACoudy,Cruel,MadandEvilMan6

2.2TheProcessofEvolutionofHeathcliff'sCharacter7

2.3Heathcliff'sResistance7

3.ReasonsFortheLoseofHumanity8

3.1TheOppressionofSocialClass8

3.2TheConceptofMoneyandPedigree9

4.TheRecurrenceofHumanity11

5.Conclusion12

WorksCited17

TheAnalysisofHeathcliff’sCharacterandItsReasonsinWutheringHeights

Abstract

TheimageofHeathcliff,theheroofWutheringHeights,hasbeenanalyzedandevaluatedbyothersscholar.ItisextremelycruelthathetookvengeanceonCatherine,Linton’sandthenextgenerationinthatway,whichmakepeopleconsiderhimasabrutal,cold-bloodedandevilperson.However,thisperspectiveisnotconvinced.ThisthesismainlyanalysesthecharacterofHeathcliffandthechangehappenedinhimfromboyhoodtomanhood.Duringthetime,Heathcliffbecomeveryawry.Therearetwodirectreasonsresultinginthis,theoneistheinsultfromHindley,theotheristhatCatherinebetrayshislove.Neverthelessthisisnotenoughtomakehimbecomesuchaperson.Theessentialreasonscanbedividedintotwoaspects,whichincludeoppressingofsocialclassandconceptofmoneyandpedigree.Inthistime,Heathcliffrisesupinresistance,dynamicalanduntamed.Inreturn,ithurthimselfdeeply,evenhepaysthecostofhisownlife.Asapassivevictimandthefigureoftragedy,hedeservesourpity.Atfinally,theinveterateloveforCatherineleadshimtoheadforgood.Inordertoextricatehimselffromexistentstraits,keephumandignityandobtainthefreedomofsoul,hebecomesabundleofextremecontradictions.JustsuchaHeathcliffhavingwrithenfeaturesoccupiesanimportantplaceinthehistoryofLiterature.

KeyWords：

Heathcliff,Character,WutheringHeights

《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的性格及其成因分析

摘要

《呼啸山庄》是一部伟大瑰丽的作品，对于书中主人公希斯克利夫的形象，有无数的学者进行了分析和评价。

他对凯瑟琳和林顿家以及下一代人的报复方式是极其残忍的，这使人们觉得他是一个十恶不赦的，阴冷的，疯狂的恶魔。

但这样的看法是不完全正确的。

本论文从全书来看，客观的分析希斯克利夫的形象，从年少时的善良变成了一个暴戾残忍的恶魔，希斯克利夫的人性发生了扭曲。

而直接致使希斯克利夫的人性扭曲的原因有两个，一是来自亨德莱德侮辱，二是凯瑟琳对爱情的背叛，但这两个外因，还不足以使希斯克利夫成为魔鬼的代言人。

根本原因是希斯克利夫刚勇无畏的天性与当时的社会背景产生了严重的抵触，一是阶级压迫，二是金钱、门第观念。

在这样一个时代里，希斯克利夫采取的是暴风霹雳般的反抗，很有力度和野性，但也因此使自己深受伤害。

作为一个被动的承受着，一个悲剧人物，他是很值得人们同情的。

由于他对凯瑟琳刻骨铭心的爱，最终指引他走向“善”。

为了摆脱生存困境、保持人性的尊严、获得心灵的自由，人类面临的严峻考验和艰难抉择，作为这样一个极端矛盾的结合体，具有扭曲性格的希斯克利夫这一文学角色将永远在文学史上占有一席之地。

关键词：

呼啸山庄；希斯克利夫；性格成因

1.Introduction

InthehistoryofEnglishliterature,WutheringHeightswrittenbyEmilyBronteisalwaysesteemedthemostpeculiarnovelandaninscrutablebook,sinceatfirstitwascensuredas“gloomy,indecorousandmorbid-minded（ZhengKelu248）”,“adirefulandbrackishnovel（YangJingyuan129-130）”.InthisbookmainlyrepresentsthetransitionalprocessofHeathcilff’scharacterfromtransformedhumanitytotherecurrenceofhumanity.HeathcilffwasanorphanfromLiverpooladoptedbyMr.Eamshaw,theoldmasterofWutheringHeights.However,hewasnotpopularexceptMr.Eamshaw.WhenMr.Eamshawintroducedhimtohisfamilies,everybodydidn’tlikehim,especiallyhissonHindley.Hindleyoftenbeatedandinsultedhim,butheborehistreatmentfairlywellbecauseoftheloveofMr.Eamshaw.Unfortunately,Mr.Eamshawgoneoff,histreatmentsbecameworse,hisrightofbeingeducatedisdeprivedandhemustlabouroutofdoorsashardasanyotherladonthefarm.However,heputupwitheverythingbecausehecouldforgeteverythingintheminuteheandCatherinearetogetheragain.OneSunday,HeathcliffandCatherinemetEdgarandhissisterIsabella,somethinghappenedtochange.CatherineandEdgarbegantheirlove,whichmadeHeathcliffintolerable.Becauseoftheamour-propre,CatherinemarriedtoEdgar.OnheadingofCatherine’sdecision,HeathcliffleftWutheringHeightsforthreeyears.Whenhecameback,hebecameverycut-throatandheartless,whichrepresentedthoroughlybythewaywherehegotbackateverybodyofWutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrange.Andherestoredthehumanityfinally.

Duringtherepayingtoothers,Heathcliffbecameacloudy,cruel,madandevilman.Infact,Heathcliffwasatragedyfigureandhealsosufferedalot.Hisbefallingisworthytobepitiful.ThechangeofHeathcliff’scharacterfromsittingdownundertoimpersonal,hasarousedtheliterates’highlyattention.Thereasonsofthechangearemultiple.Manyliteratesaresearchingforthis（E.L.Gilbert123）.Fromtheanalysistothereasons,wecangetfartherunderstandingtoloveandhatred（ZhangTongle135）.Andtothetimethatthenoveldescribes,wealsohavemoreknowledgeaboutit.Thispaper,therefore,attemptstomakeageneralsurveyintothechangeofHeathcliff’scharacter,analyzingthereasonsresultinginthechange,withfocusmadeonthehumanityofHeathcliffnothisbeastliness.

2.TheAnalysisoftheCharacterofHeathcliff

2.1ACloudy,Cruel,MadandEvilMan

Writersshapedacloudy,cruel,madandevilfigure,Heathcliff,theheroofWutheringHeights.InthenightwhenCatherinedecidedtomarrytoLinton,HeathcliffleavesWutheringHeights.Threeyearslater,hecamebackfilledwithhatredandvengeanceplanforcrazyrevenge.Firstly,todespotHindleywhousedtoill-treatandinsulthim,becauseofbeingfamiliarwithhisweaknessesofintemperanceandgambling,hedeludedgraduallyhimtothesnarecontrivedbeforehand,whichmadeHindleyloseouthisallproperty.Atfinally,hebecamethemasterofWutheringHeights.Hindleytryingonput-outhim,butheactuallyhurthimselfwithhisknife,andfallensenselesswithpain.Howeverhemahoganykickedhimandthrewhimonthefloor.“Heuseddivinerestrainttosubduehimself,soHindleydidn’tlosehislife（EmilyBronte168）”.SowasHisbarbarismandcruelty.

WhenfacingwithharmlessHareton,thelittlesonofHindley,Heathcliffpayhimbackwithhisowncoin.HemadeHaretonsufferwhathedidever.Hetreatedhimasaservant,deprivedhisaccesstobeeducated,andtaughthim“everythingexceptbestialthingsisuselessandlookeddownon”.（EmilyBronte207）Onpurpose,hefosteredHaretonasafatuousandrudemanwithafoulmouth.AsforhisrivalEdgarLinton,hemainlyafflictedhimfromhisheart.HemadeuseofhissisterIsabella’ssimplicityandinfantilismtobamher,andmadehermarrytohim.Aftergettingmarried,heabusedhersothathiswifehadtogetawayfromhimandapartfromherrelatives.EvenhissonlittleLintonthatIsabellagavebirthtohimwasalsoregardedasthebait,fortemptingthatCathyfallsinlovewithhim.WhenEdgarwouldgooffbecauseoftheseriousdisease,hecaptivatedCathyandNelly,whichwasblanked,andbruitedtherumorthattheyweregotintothebogandsavedbyHeathcliff.ToforceCathytomarryLinton,hecaptivatedCathyforfourdaysandfivenightsuntilhegainedhisends.Bythistoken,hisdepravityandcraftinesswerenotoutdoingbyothers.Eventhoughtohisson,hestillhadnotabitofkindliness,justbecausehisnamewasthesamewithhisuncle,andhewascowardlynaturallyandhisappearancewasmoresimilarwithhismother.Afterhissonlefttestamentthatallthefortunewasbequeathedtohim,andthebequesthelphimfigureforThrushcrossGrange,Linton’smeritdisappear.Hedidn’tcareabouthisson’sfateanymore,wouldnotspendanymoneyonsendinghissonfordoctorandevenforbiddenservantstolookafterhim.Lintonlivedinthesurroundinguntildiedawayaftertwomonths.Sohetreathisson,therefore,Heathcliffwasbestialagainsthumanity.

2.2TheProcessofEvolutionofHeathcliff’sCharacter

AtHeathcliff’schildhoodandboyhood,theoldEarnshawdotedonhim,NellycommiseratedhimandCatherinelikedhim.However,Hindleyabominatedhimbecausehisfather’slovewascapturedbyhim.AlthoughHindleyoftenhithim,hehardlynotifiedoldfatherthesesinceEarnshawbelievedhimabsolutely.Henevertoldlies,justwashard-nosedandnotsonnyenough.AfterEnarshawgoingoff,Hindleydemeanedhimtobecomeaservantanddeprivedhimfrombeingeducated,buthestillputupwithall,listenedtoNelly’sadvisesandwasaspirant,becausetheloveofCatherinewasinfavorhim.However,onhearingofCatherine’sthinkingthatshedecidedtomarryEdgar,hebrokedown.HeleftWutheringHeightswithendlessumbrage.Threeyearslater,hecameback