常见化学物质中英文.docx
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常见化学物质中英文
表一常见无机物英文名
Chemicalsymbol
Chemicalname
Relatedcompounds,salts,properties
S
sulfur
Elementalsulfur
SO32-
sulfite
sulfurousacid亚硫酸
SO42-
sulfate
Sulfate，硫酸盐；sulfuricacid硫酸
SO2
sulfurdioxide
SO3：
sulfurtrioxide
H2S
hydrogensulfide
Odorous,poisonous
S2-
sulfide
PbS,leadsulfide
N2
nitrogen
Liquidnitrogen
NO3-
nitrate
KNO3Potassiumnitrate
NO2-
nitrite
NaNO2
NO2
nitrogendioxide
Majorairpollutant
N2O
nitrousoxide
Laughinggas
F2
flourine
CFCchloroflourocarbons
Cl2
chlorine
HClO,hypochlorousacid
Br2
bromine
HBr,hydrogenbromide
I2
iodine
AgI,silveriodide
HCl
Hydrogenchloride;hydrochloricacid
HF,hydrofluoricacid
Cl-
chloride
NaClsodiumchloride
C
Carbon
Activatedcarbon
CCl4
Carbontetrachchloride
CO32-
Carbonateion
Na2CO3sodiumcarbonate
HCO3-
bicarbonateion
Ca（HCO3）2calciumbicarbonate
CO2
carbondioxide
P
phosphorus
PO43-
phosphate
HPO42-
H3PO4
phosphoricacid
Na
sodium
Alkalimetal
NaOH
sodiumhydroxide
Causticsoda
K
potassium
K2HPO4dipotassiumhydrogenphosphsate
KOH
potassiumhydroxide
Causticpotash
Ca
calcium
Ca（OH）2
calciumhydroxide
hydratedlime熟石灰
CaCO3
calciumcarbonate
Scale,precipitate
Ca（HCO3）2
calciumbicarbonate
Importantbuffer
Mg
magnesium
Mg（OH）2
magnesiumhydroxide
Al
aluminum
Alum明矾
Al（OH）3
aluminumhydroxide
Zn
zinc
ZnSO4
zincsulfate
Fe
Iron
FeO
ironoxide;ferrousoxide
Fe2O3
ferricoxide
Pb
Lead
PbOleadoxide,
Co
Cobalt
CoCl2cobaltchloride
Cr
Chromium
Cu
Copper
Cu（NO3）2Coppernitrate
Hg
Mercury
Mn
Manganese
MnO2managanesedioxide
Ni
Nickel
Si
Silicon
SiO2silica
Ti
Titanium
TiO2titaniumdioxide
Ag
Silver
AgNO3silvernitrate
Au
Gold
表二常见有机物英文名
（Fillintheblanksforpractice.）
Chemicalsymbol
Chemicalname
Othernames;
relatedcompounds
CnH2n+2
alkane
Methane,ethane,propane,butane,pentane,hexane,heptanes,octane,nonane,decane,hexadecane
CnH2n
Alkene,cycloalkane
Etheneorethylene,propeneorpropylene,buteneorbutylene,cyclopentane
CnH2n-2
Alkyne，diene
Ethyne,1,3-butadiene
Aromatichydrocarbons
Benzene,naphthalene
R-OH
alcohol
CH3OH
methanol
ethanol
Alcohol;propanol,butanol
HCHO
formaldehyde
CH3CHO
acetaldehyde
R-O-R
ketone
Acetone,methylethylketone
R-COOH
Alkanoicacid
R:
saturated
Aceticacid
Ethanoicacid;butanoicacid
HCOOH
Formicacid
Formate（salt）
R-COOR
ester
CH3COOC2H5
Ethylacetate
RCOOCH3
FAME
Fattyacidmethylester,C12-18biodiesel
Dimethylether
DME二甲醚
Diethylether
乙醚
Methyl-t-butylether
MTBE
bezene
toluene
methylbezene
xylene
Dimethylbenzene,3isomers
ethylbenzene
naphthalene
C6H5OH
phenol
苯酚
C6Cl5OH
pentachlorophenol
aniline
aminobenzene
nitrobenzene
C6H5OOCCH3
Phenylacetate
CHCl3
chloroform
trichloromethane
glucose
Hexose六碳糖
ribose
Pentose五碳糖
R-CHNH2-COOH
Aminoacid
Glycine,lysine,glutamicacid
HOCH2CH2OH
Ethyleneglycol
Glycol;diethyleneglycol
glycerol
Glycerine,甘油
triglyceride
Palmicacid
棕榈酸
Stearicacid
Unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸
Polyunsaturatedfattyacids
Cyclopentane
cyclohexanol
Furan
tetrahydrofuran
thiophene
dimethylsulfide
Dimethyldisulfide
pyridine
pyrrole
1,4-dioxane
n-heptane
CH2CH2O
Ethyleneoxide
Prophyleneoxide
isooctane
CH2=CHCl
Vinylchloride
MonomerofPVC
常用工业化学品中英名
硝酸钙Calciumnitrate
冰醋酸Glacialaceticacid
对苯二酚Hydroquinone
氢氧化钠SodiumHydroxide
叔丁基胺Tert-butylamine
丙烯酸树脂Acrylicresin
十六烷醇Cetylalcohol
乙二醇Ethyleneglycol
甘油Glycerineorglycerol
过硫酸铵Ammoniumpersulfate
硫酸铵Ammoniumsulfate
三聚磷酸钠Sodiumtripolyphosphate
氧化镁Magnesiumoxide
磷酸三钠TrisodiumPhosphate
对苯二酚Hydroquinone
月桂醇硫酸钠sldiumlaurylsulfate
对羟基苯甲酸para-hydroxybenzoicacid
苯甲酸钠Sodiumbenzoate
过氧化氢HydrogenPeroxide
邻苯二甲酸酐PhthalicAnhydride
2,3-二氨基甲苯2,3-diaminotoluene
三苯基硼Triphenylborane
松油精Dipentine
高锰酸钾PotassiumPermanganate
二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene（DCPD）
金红石型氧化钛TitaniumDioxide（Rutile）
硼酸Boricacid
氧化铅LeadOxide
邻苯二甲酸酐0-PhthalicAnhydride
碳黑CarbonBlack
粒状活性炭Granularactivatedcarbon
粉状活性炭Poweredactivatedcarbon
磷酸Phosphoricacid
次硫酸钠SodiumHydrosulfite
磷酸二氢铵AmmoniumDihydrogenPhosphate
水合肼HydrazineHydrate
干酪素Casein（foodgrade）
柠檬酸Citricacid
硫代硫酸钠Sodiumthiosulfate
硝酸钙Calciumnitrate
硫酸钾Potassiumsulfate
氯化钠Sodiumchloride
丙烯酰氯Acrylylchloride
苏打灰Sodaash
间氯苯胺m-chloroaniline
尿素Urea
氧化铁黄Ironoxideyellow
氧化铁红Ironoxidered
1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-Trichloroethane
氯化铵Ammoniumchloride
苯酚Phenol
磷酸三钙Tricalciumphosphate
碳酸氢钠Sodiumbicarbonate
碳酸钠Sodiumcarbonate
山梨糖醇Sorbitol
一水葡萄糖Dextrosemonohydrate
碳化钙Calciumcarbide
酒石酸盐Tartrate
鉻酸銨Ammoniumchromate
甲酸铵Ammoniumformate
聚丙烯薄膜Polypropylene（PP）Sheet
表三
表四环境科学英语重要单词定义表
Term
Definition
Acidrain
Precipitation（rain，snow,sleet,etc）thatismoreacidicthannormalcausedbyairpollutants;alsoknownasacidprecipitation.
Acid-basetitration
Thedeterminationofacidorbaseconcentrationbyatitrationmethod.
Acidity
TheamountofacidinwaterwhichrequirescertainamountofalkalitoneutralizetoagivenpH,oftenpH8.3asdefinedinwaterchemistry.
Acousticalmaterials
Sound-absorbingmaterialsthatcanbeusedtoreducenoise.
Activatedcarbon
Speciallyproducedcarbonparticlesorgranuleswhichpossesslargeinnersurfacearea,effectiveinadsorbingsolutesinwater,orgaseousmaterial.
Activatedsludgeprocess
Acontrolledaerobicbiologicaltreatmentprocesswhichcanoxidizeorganicmaterials（BOD）andammonia,etc,andmakesthewatermoreacceptabletodischargeorreuse.
Aeration
Exposingwatertotheair;oftenresultsinthereleaseintotheatmosphereofgaseousimpuritiesfoundinpollutedwater.
Agriculturalwaste,orresidue
Largequantityofunusedproductssuchasricestraw,cornstalk,etc.Oftencanbeconvertedtocompostorotherusefulproducts.
Agriculturalchemicals
Chemicalsusedforagriculturalpurpose,suchasfertilizers,insecticides,herbicides,etc.
Alkaline
Theoppositeofacidic;basic.Alkalineoilorrockmayneutralizeacidrain.
Alphaparticles
Atypeofradiationessentiallycomposedofenergeticheliumnuclei.
Alternativeenergysources
Energysources,suchassolarpower,windpower,andsoforth,thatarealternativetothefossilfuels,nuclearpower,andlarge-scalehydroelectricpower.
Alum
Hydratedaluminumsulfateusedascoagulantforwaterteatment
Atmosphere
Thesphereor“layer”ofgasesthatsurroundstheEarth.
Atomicnumber
Thenumberofprotonsinanatomicnucleus
Bacterium,plural:
bacteria
Microorgamismsofasizerangeabout0.2to10microns,importantforwasteandwastewatertreatament,butsomemaycausediseases（pathogens）.
Betaparticles
Atypeofradiation,essentiallyhigh-speedelectrons.
Biodegradableplastics
“Biodegradable”generallyreferstoasubstancethatcanbedegraded,decomposedbymicroorganismsintosimplecompoundssuchaswaterandcarbondioxide.Abiodegradableplasticisaplasticthatcanbebrokendowninsuchamanner.However,mostplasticsaresyntheticpolymersthatarenotbiodegradable.
Biodegradability
Oftenreferingtothesusceptibilityofanorganicmaterialorcompoundtomicrobialdegradation
Biologicaloxygendemand（BOD）
Theamountofoxygenusedbyorganismsandchemicalprocessesinaparticularstream,lake,orotherbodyofwatertocarryoutdecomposition.
Biologicaltreatmentprocesses
Processeswhichusebiologicalormicrobiologicaltransformation（biodegradation）toconvertpollutantstolessharmfulproducts.
Biosphere
Thesphereor“layer”oflivingorganismsonEarth.
BTU,orBritishThermalUnit
TheamountofheattoraiseonepoundofwaterforonedegreeFoftemperatureunderspedifiedcondition,about0.25Kilocalorie（Kcal）.
Kilocalorie
TheamountofheattoraiseonekilogramofwaterforonedegreeCoftemperatureunderspedifiedcondition,
Carboncycle
Thebiogeochemicalcycleofcarbon.
Catalyticconverter
Adevicethatcarriesoutanumberofchemicalreactionsthatconvertairpollutantstolessharmfulsubstances,oftenusedfortreatingvehicleexhaust.
Chainreaction
Inanuclearreactor,whenthefissioningofoneatomreleasesneutronsthatinducethefissioningofotheratoms,andsoforth.
ChemicalOxygenDemand（COD）
Theamountofoxygenequivalentbyanoxidizingchemicalsolution,oftenpotassiumdichromateinstrongacidiccondition,tocarryoutdecompositionofmainlyorganicmaterialinwater.
Chlorinatedhydrocarbons
AgroupofsyntheticorganicpesticidesthatincludeschlordaneandDDT.
Chlorofluorocarbons（CFCs）
Artificiallyproducedcompoundscomposedprimarilyofcarbon,fluorine,andchlorine.CFCshavebeenimplicatedinthedeteriorationoftheozonelayer.
Clay
Afine-grained,firmearthymaterialthatisplasticwhenwetandhardenswhenheated,consistingprimarilyofhydratedsilicatesofaluminumandwidelyusedinmakingbricks,tiles,andpottery
Closed-looprecycling
Theindefiniterecyclingofamaterialorsubstancewithoutdegradationordeterioration,suchastherecyclingofmanymetalsandglasses.
Coal-firedpowerplant
Aelectricitygenerationplantwhichusescoalburningforenergy.（cf.gas-firedpowerplant,oil-firedpowerplant）
Cogeneration
Apowerplantproducesseveraltypesofenergysimultaneously,suchaselectricityandheatthatcanbeusedlocally.
Cometabolism
Theproductofcomposing,ortransformingorganicwastetofarmingandgardening
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