高考英语新题型 信息摘录训练.docx

高考英语新题型 信息摘录训练.docx

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高考英语新题型信息摘录训练

高考阅读新题型---信息摘录

（一）

考点特征

1．中心归纳题，即位于表格标题处的题。

2．信息概括题，一般位于表格左栏。

3．信息查询题，直接可以从文中找出答案的题目。

4．信息压缩及改写题，不能直接看出来，但是可以通过压缩与试题有关的句子得出答案。

5．功能理解题，主要考察学生对句子，信息在文章中的作用的理解，即该信息与上下文之间的关系（因果，转折，并列，条件，让步等等）。

做题方法

1．先表后文，学会预测。

先读表格，了解表格内容和要求，再根据表格的内容和要求有目的的阅读文章。

2．了解文章结构，把握细节。

3．寻找出处，对号入座。

找与题目中相同或意思相近的词或句子，快速定位。

4．同义转换，准确填写。

碰到信息压缩或改写题，应该纵观上下文准确用同义的词来压缩。

做题技巧：

注意表达的简洁，概括，对称，时态以及单复数

语篇专练-------阅读摘录信息

【做题步骤】：

先表后文-------信息定位--------获取信息填空--------复查

.先表后文

通览表格，以了解文章的大概内容和布局，可判断哪些空需填入概括词汇

根据表格的对称性，初步判断各空所需填入单词的词性和词形的要求

附：

表格模式-------参考《系统集成》P.67

.信息定位

通读全文一遍之后，依次找出各空答案的出处（具体到段落和行）

.获取信息填空

直接信息题：

能抄就抄（关键是信息定位要准确）

改写信息题：

不能抄就改（抓大放小；留主弃次；字数范围内信息尽量完整）

信息概括题：

不能改就写（参考《系统集成》P.71+Introduction，Definition，Concept，Theme，Purpose，Theme，Situation，Solution，Advantage，Disadvantage，Example，Forms，Comparison）

.复查

复查，做到：

没超过三个单词，拼写准确，词形与上下文对称一致

【真题回顾】

2010湖南卷见《系统集成》P.69

Summary:

直接信息题：

__________________________

改写信息题：

__________________________

改写方式：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

信息概括题：

___________________________

总结：

你认为摘录信息题这三种出题形式中，你的难点是___________________________________

【专项练习】

-------------信息概括题

.部分概括词汇回顾：

定义：

功能：

特点：

起源：

对比/比较：

起因：

结论：

评论：

解决办法：

结果：

.填空：

1.‘At23inchestallandweighing15pounds.’

Weight:

15pounds74.:

23inches

2.‘Face-mailcanletyouremailsreadbya“person”’

．_______________:

Face-mailcanletyouremailsreadbya“person

3.‘Whywereyouunemployed?

Wereyoureallyabletodothatjob?

Didyoueverlikeit?

Wereyou

financiallysatisfied?

Trytofindanswerstothesequestions.‘

·Finding__34________________ofyourunemployment

4.‘Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyandcourageously,they

couldprotectusfromourselves.’

Ⅰ.Currentsituations　Ⅱ.Reason　Ⅲ.Suggestions

Ⅳ.19.__________________·Governmentsshouldbe__20__toprotecttheirpeople’sfuturewelfarefromourselves.

5.‘…sheisyoungenoughtoenjoytheirfunandmatureenoughtoguidetheirbehavior‘

___________________:

sheisyoungenoughtoenjoytheirfunandmatureenoughtoguidetheirbehavior

6.‘Airpollutionreferstotheintroductionofsomeharmfulgasesandparticulatematter（颗粒物质）inthe

Earth’satmospherewhichinturnresultsinpollutionofair…’

________________________ofairpollution

7.‘Itiscalledandrogeneticalopecia（alsoknownaspatternbaldness）andresultsfromacombinationofgeneticandhormonal（荷尔蒙的）factors.‘

·_______________:

acombinationofgeneticandhormonal（荷尔蒙的）factors.

8.‘ExpertssayJohnKennethGalbraithandJaneJacobsledmanytoquestionnotonlyhowandwheretheywanttoliveandwork. Italsoledthemtowonderwhatkindofsocietytheywantedtoleavefortheirchildren.’

________________________:

ledmanytoquestionnotonlyhowandwheretheywanttoliveandwork. Italsoledthemtowonderwhatkindofsocietytheywantedtoleavefortheirchildren.

9.‘Whywereyouunemployed?

Wereyoureallyabletodothatjob?

Didyoueverlikeit?

Wereyoufinanciallysatisfied?

Trytofindanswerstothesequestions.

Analyzingyoursituation:

·Finding__34_______________ofyourunemployment

10.‘HeisfromChina’

_____________________:

Chinese

--------------信息改写题

关键词法

1.‘youcanlisteneverydayforabout30minutes.’

Keeplistening72.____________________everyday

2.‘Ifyoufollowthesepiecesofadvice,yourspeakingandwritingwillimproveautomatically（自动

地）,andyoucanbesurethatwithalittleefforttheywillbecomeperfect..’

Yourspeakingandwritingwillimproveautomaticallyandbecomeperfectifyou75.__________________________.

3.‘Theysuggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy’

◇Advertisementssuggestingthatsmokingis16.____

4.‘…forsheisyoungenoughtoenjoytheirfunandmatureenoughtoguidetheirbehavior’

Characteristics:

______________________________

5.‘Asensorinthewristbanddetectsthispressingactionandmeasuresthetimebetweenthesoundand

thedriver’sresponse.Usually，awatchfuldriverwouldtakeabout400millisecondstorespond，but

oncethatfallstomorethan500milliseconds，itsuggeststhatthedriverisgettingsleepy.’

（thedevice）givingoutmoreregularandloudersoundswhenresponsetimeis__7________　

变换词形法

1.‘Aftereachsoundthedrivermustrespondbysqueezingthesteeringwheel（方向盘）．’

（thedriver）__6________________bysqueezingthesteeringwheel

2.‘Thedevicehasbeendeliveredtothedepartment’slaboratoriesfortesting.

Ⅲ.Presentsituation：

·（thedevice）still__9_________________

变换词性,词义法

1.‘Don’tgetextremelydiscouragedandthenlandintodepression’

Avoidingpanic:

·Tryingnottofeel__________________foryourunemployment

2.‘Believeinyourselfandstaycalm.’

·Being______________________inyourmind

3.‘Callthepeoplewhocanhelpyououtorcanguideyouproperly.’

·Turningtothosewhocanhelpyououtandoffer______________________

4.‘Also,socializewithpeopleandmakeyoursocialliferich.’

·Socializingwithpeopleto_______________________

5.‘Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyandcourageously,theycouldprotectusfromourselves.’

Conclusion:

Governmentsshouldbe__20______________________toprotecttheirpeople’sfuturewelfarefromourselves.

6.‘Don’texercisetoomuchbeforebedtime;instead,dosomethingtorelaxyourself.’

Take___________________　beforebedtime.

7.‘Airpollutionreferstotheintroductionofsomeharmfulgasesandparticulatematter（颗粒物质）inthe

Earth’satmospherewhichinturnresultsinpollutionofair…‘

theintroductionofharmfulgasesandparticulatematter（颗粒物质）intheEarth’satmospherewhichinturn_______________

7.‘Expertsalsosuggestthattheparticulatemattertheanimalsinhaleoveralongperiodcangatherintheirtissuesandcausedamagetotheirorgansinthelongrun’

theparticulatematterinhaledbytheanimals:

gatheringintheirtissuesand____________________

8.‘Therefore,allofusaresupposedtomakeanefforttoreduceairpollution.’

allofus_______________toreduceairpollution.

同义句转换法

1.‘Therapidrateatwhichairpollutionisoccurringisnotevengivingtheanimalsachancetoadaptto

thechangesintheenvironment.’

rapidoccurrenceofairpollution:

givingtheanimals_________toadapttothechangesintheenvironment.

2.‘TheNationalInstituteofHealthestimatesthatoneinthreeadultshavebitsofmildsleeplessnessor

insomnia（失眠）,whileoneintensufferfromchronic（长期的）insomnia.’

Manyadultssuffersleeplessnessat_________levels.

3.‘Thesystem,calledDriverAlert,aimstoreducedeadlyroadaccidentsby20%—40%thatarecausedbytiredness.Airlinepilotscanalsouseittoreducethe30%ofallpiloterroraccidentsthatarerelatedtofatigue（疲劳）．‘

Aim:

·Toreduce__3_____________________accidents.

4.‘Forlisteningyoucanlistentocartoonsorsomemoviesthatarespeciallymadeforchildren.Theirlanguagesareeasy.’

Listentocartoonsorsomemoviesspeciallymadeforchildren,73.__________________arenotdifficulttofollow.

【篇章练习】

Couchpotatoesdefinepeoplewholiveintheworldofatelevision,acomfortablecouchandabagofchipsorjunkfood.Theysitaroundinfrontofthetelevision,sleepandchewjunkfood,whileabsorbinganythingonTV.Theyhaveaboringlifestyleandrarelymoveoutofthecouch.

Beingacouchpotatowillnotmakeyourbodyafathouse,butitwillalsoaffectyourmentalhealth.Forexample,itcanmakeyousufferfromlossofinterest,memorylossandlowconfidence.Namely,beingacouchpotatoisunhealthy.Soweshouldtrytogetoutofitandmoveontoahealthylifestyle.

Animportantwaytostopbeingacouchpotatoisexercising.Eventhoughyoumaynotfindtime,somechangesinyourschedulewillhelp.Hitthegymregularlyandfindafitpersontoinspireyou.Makesureyouwalkalotwheneverpossible.Exercisewillfillyouwithenthusiasmfordoingjustmorethanbeingacouchpotato.

Spendingtimewiththefamilyisanothereffectivewaytostopbeingacouchpotato.Whenbackfromschool,youcanhelpyourfamilywithlunchordinner.Havefoodtogetheratthedinningtableanddon’teatallbyyourselfinfrontoftheTVset.Playinggameswiththefamilyisalsoagoodidea.

Inaddition,limitingtheentertainmentisalsoapracticalsolutionforcouchpotatoes.Restrictyourtimingoftelevisiontooneortwohourseveryweekorevenless.Chosetheshowsyoulikebestandmakesureyouronlywatchthen.Youcanalsoavoidthesueofyourremotecontrol.Simplygetupfromthecoucheverytimeyouwanttochangethechannel.

Thiswillalsokeepyoufitandyou’llendupwatchinglessTV.

71.__________________________72.________________________73.__________________________

74.__________________________75.________________________75.__________________________

77.__________________________78.________________________79.__________________________

80.__________________________

温馨提示：

听力部分的信息摘录题也可借鉴相关的方法！

B

Wearewellawareoftheroleofmoderntransportationinourlives.Nottoolongago,peopleenduredgreathardshipinordertomakealongjourney.Movingheavygoodsfromonetowntoanotherinvolvedhardlabor.Today,weenjoytheconvenienceofvariouskindsofvehiclesincludingships,planes,t