中考英语新题型摘录要点电子教案.docx
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中考英语新题型摘录要点电子教案
中考英语新题型摘录要点
中考文章摘录要点专题讲解
一、考题要求:
第二节摘录要点(5小题,计10分)
阅读下面的材料,然后在表格中完成内容摘要,每空不超过三个单词。
二、样题研究:
2014长沙摘录要点样题是一篇150个词的文章,它由两部分组成,一是所需阅读的文章一篇,二是根据该文章所设计的图表,其题材为说明文,图表是文章的结构图,它反映了文章本身的逻辑思路,也是反映命题人的设题思路。
图表共5个空格,其答题信息均可直接从原文中找到。
三、对考生要求:
尽管样题的答题信息均可从原文中直接找到,但为了使考生万无一失,以不变应万变,我们还是对考生相关能力提出了更高要求。
1.阅读理解能力。
对文章的整体把握,领略大意。
对文章的结构和层次把握,弄清局部和整体的关系。
对文章局部的透彻理解,提取有用信息。
2.对图表的识读能力。
考生要迅速把握图表的结构分布层次,命题人的出题角度,哪个空是考察细节,哪个空考察结论,哪个空考察标题。
3.分析、概括、推断能力。
图表试题中有的可以直接从原文中提取到,有的则需要对原文信息进行再加工处理,得到原文相一致的文外词汇。
4.正确书写能力。
这就需要考生具有一定的词汇储备,而且能够认识句子结构和句子成分,根据句子结构和成分来判断所填词的词性。
当然,考生也应该具有构词法的知识。
例如,词性转换,形容词、副词的比较级、最高级,名词的复数形式等。
此外,还有提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力,也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。
四、解题步骤:
第一步,浏览图表。
划分板块,标题块、结论块、主题块、细节块。
标题块和结论块里的空放在最后做,然后按主题块次序先做细节空,再做主题空。
第二步,快速略读全文,把主题块和相应的段落对应起来。
第三步,在图表中领任务,第一主题块对应的细节中的空,带上任务精读相应的段落细节,提取信息,填空完成试题。
然后完成主题块,最后完成标题块。
五、题目的设置类型及答题策略
1.信息捕捉题(文中原词)
要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节,锁定信息来源,并用文章中的词来填空。
例如:
样题中第58题可从原文第一句ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.直接得出。
样题中第59题可从第一段最后一句Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts-theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.直接得出。
2.同义转换题
灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上,运用多中表达方式表意的能力,突显遣词造句能力的考查。
比如,用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。
同时,在限定不超过3个词的要求下,更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。
这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子,需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后,将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。
2014长沙中考样题56题所给答案(56.Placesofinterest/Scenicspots/Scenicarea/Attractiveplaces…)就充分的体现了这一点。
3.信息综合题(综合概括题)
要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题,考查学生概括与推断的能力,归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力,也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。
例如样题的第57.ChangdePoemWall
常见英语摘录要点概括性词汇:
标题title主题topic原因cause/reason结果result
措施/步骤measure/step方法solution/way/manner/method态度attitude趋势tendency结论conclusion建议suggestion/tip/advice要求requirement/demand问题problem观点opinion/view/idea意义significance目的/目标purpose/aim/goal影响effect/influence定义definition来源source数量quantity
质量quality优劣advantage/disadvantage特色.特征feature人物/角色character.类型type/kind/sort情节plot内容content行为behavior
重要性importance必要性necessity/must情感feeling/emotion
异同difference/similarity外表appearance信息information人口population贡献contribution想象力imagination创造力creativity概括、总结summary要点、提纲outline其它time/place/situation/condition
六、专题训练第一组
(1)
阅读下面的材料,然后在表格中完成内容摘要,每空不超过三个单词。
ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.Thetemplesherewerebuiltinthe10thcentury.Duringthereign(统治)ofGuangxu(1875-1908)oftheQingDynasty,ascenicspot(景点)appearedaccordingtothearticle“OntheLandofPeach(桃)Flowers”writtenbyTaoYuanming,afamouswriteroftheJinDynasty.Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts-theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.
ChangdePoemWall
ChangdePoemWallisa3-kilometer-longriverbankalongsidetheYuanjiangRiver,whichisengraved(雕刻)withpoems,handwritingandpaintinganditislistedasthelongestwallwithengravedartsinGuinnessRecord.
Taohuayuan
Title(标题):
56inChangde
Name
Location(位置)
Features(特色)
Taohuayuan
inTaoyuanCounty
theTaohuaMountain
59
58awayfromChangde
theTaoyuanMountain
theQinrenVillage
57
alongsidetheYuanjiangRiver
poems
handwriting
60
(2)
ArecentreportfromZhuzhouDailysaysabout18%ofZhuzhouteenagerscanhaveproblemswiththeirminds(内心,精神).Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.ZhangQiang,aJunior2studentfromZhuzhou,couldnotunderstandhisteachersinclassandwasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hewasafraidofexams.Whenhelookedattheexampaper,hecouldn’tthinkofanythingtowrite.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlcalledWuYanoftenarguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseofsomedifferentideas.Shebecamesoannoyedaboutthemthatshestartedtocutherfingerwithaknife.However,manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid(愚蠢的)iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon’twanttotalkabouttheirsecrets.Inordertosolvetheteenagers’problems,hereissomeadvice:
●Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.
●Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.
●Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.
Title:
Teenager'sproblemswith_____①_____
ProblemsExamples
ZhangQiang
1.Notunderstandinghisteachersand____②_____inhisstudy
2.Beingafraidofexams
WuYan
Arguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseof____________③_______________.
_______④_____
●Talkingtoyourparentsorteachersoften.
●__________⑤__________groupactivitiesandplaysports.
●Goingtoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.
(3)
InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomecrowdedcentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepareforteaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,thankingheavenforitsblessing.ThepriceofteapickedinMarchisextremelyhighbecauseitisfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements.
Chinahasbeenfamousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.OfthegoodstransportedandtradedalongtheOldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceofteawasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea.TheOolong,greenandblackvarietiesaremostfamousfortheirhighquality.
MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,wherethebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.
1.Title:
_______________
Time
From2.__________________tillnow
Tradinginthepast
Alongthe3.________________tomanyothercountries.
Producingplace
Remoteandquietteavillages
4_________________
Oolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea
5.______forexpensiveMarchtea
Fresh,tenderandcontainingmultipletraceelements
第二组
(1)
Somebirthdaycustomsarequitesimilarinmanypartsoftheworld----birthdaycandles(蜡烛),birthdaygames,andbirthdaycakes.Butsomecustomsaremorespecifictocertaincountries.Herearesomechildrentalkingabouttheircustoms.
Linda---Iamfourteen.IcomefromAruba.Inourcountry,Childrentakesomethingspecialtoschoolfortheirclassmatesandallteachers.Eachteachergivesthebirthdaychildasmallgiftlikeapencil,aneraserorapostcard.Thebirthdaychildisalsoallowedtowearspecialclothesinsteadoftheschooluniform.
Lucy---IamoneyearolderthanLinda.Denmarkismycountry.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.Presentsareplacedaroundthechild'sbedwhiletheyaresleepingsotheywillseethematoncewhentheywakeup.
Tom---IamasoldasLinda.IamfromBrazil.Thebirthdaychildreceivesapullontheearlobe(耳垂)foreachyearinmycountry.Thebirthdaypersonalsogivesthefirstsliceofcaketohis/hermostspecialfriendorrelative,usuallymomordad.
Names
Countries
Ages
Specialcustoms
Linda
Aruba
Fourteen
Eachteacherreceivessomethingspecialfrom
(1)._________andgiveshimorherasmallgift.
Lucy
Denmark
(2)________
Ifyousee(3)________flyingoutsideawindow,youmayknowsomeoneinthathouseishavingabirthday
Tom
(4)______
Fourteen
(5)_________ofthebirthdaycakeisusuallygiventoMomorDad.
(2)
HarbinisinnorthernChina.It'sverycoldin
winter,sometimes-30℃.Touristsneedtowearwarmclothes.ThereisanIceandSnowFestivalinwinter.Ahotelroomisabout230yuananight.
Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.It'sabout-10°C.
Itdoesn'toftenrainorsnow.Hotelsusuallycut
theirpricesinwinter.About200yuananightis
enough.
City
Weather
1______.ofahotelroom
Sanya
It'sstill2______.inwinter.
About320yuananight
3______.
It'sverycoldinwinter.
About4_____yuananight
Beijing
It'snotverycoldinwinter.Itdoesn'toften
5___________.
About200yuananight
(3)
LastTuesday,alittlegirldiedaftereatingsomefriedchicken.HerfatherboughtthechickenforherfromastreetsellerinFenzhuangVillage,Fengtai,Beijing.Aftertestingthegirl,thedoctorsaidshewaspoisoned(中毒)bynitrites(亚硝酸盐).SomeexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswithQSsigns.Theyaresafer.
Afterhearingabouttheaccident,manypeoplefeelmoreworriedaboutthefoodsafetybecausetherehavebeenmanyfoodsafetyproblemsinourcountrytheseyears.Forexample,poisonous(有毒的)rice,oil,milkandsoonhavebeenfoundoutrecently.Peoplefeelquiteafraidbecausethesepoisonousfoodsareratherbadfortheirhealthandevenkillthem.Theywantthegovernmenttodosomethingtostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagainsothattheycanhavesafeandhealthyfoodsanddrinks.
InformationCard
1.Thelittlegirldiedaftersheate__________.
2.Someexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswith__________.
3Manypeoplefeel_______aboutthefoodsafetyafterhearingabouttheaccident.
4.Thepoisonousfoodsare_________forpeople'shealthandevenkillthem.
5.Thepeoplewant thegovernment__________tostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagain.
(4)
ManykindsofbirdsliveintheUnitedStates,butthenumberofthebirdsisbecomingsmallereveryyear.Oneoftheleadingreasonsisthegrowingnumberofpetcats.Bykeepingyourpetcatsinyourhome,youcanhelpgivebirdsabetterpossiblechancetolive.
Ofthe90millionpetcatsinthiscountry,abouttwo—thirdsareallowedtogooutside.Itissaidthatthesecatskillhundredsofmillionsofbirdseachyear,aswellasbillionsofsmallanimalssuchasr