中学英语语法漫谈高中英语语法讲解带习题.docx
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中学英语语法漫谈高中英语语法讲解带习题
一、冠词用法小结
冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。
以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。
一、不定冠词的用法：
1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any,如:
Ahammeristool.Asteelworkermakessteel.
2、泛指某人或某物。
Aboyiswaitingforyou.Thereisabookonyourdesk.
3、表one或every。
Wework8hoursaday.Igohometwiceamonth.
4、表示thesame的意思。
Birdsofa（=thesame）featherflocktogether;peopleofakindcometogether.
5、用在不可数名词前
a）（用在物质名词前）一种，一份
Alargecoffeeforme.Itwasawonderfultea.
b）（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）
Itwascleardaylightnowandafinerainwasfalling.Thereisacoldwindthismorning.
c）（用在抽象名词前）一种
Thatisagreatdisappointment.It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.
6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。
IsawaMrs.Smithonthe12that2:
00.HehadaVanGoghinthedining-room.
WhatastrangeLondontheysaw!
He’salivingLeiFeng.
7、用于某些固定词组中。
afew,alittle,agoodmany,alotof,allofasudden,asarule,haveacold等。
8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an,如anapple,anEnglishbook。
要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。
如auniversity,anhour,an“h”,anX-rayexamination.
二、定冠词的用法。
1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。
Theboylikesthefilm.Shutthedoor,please.
Theoldpoorpeasanthasason.Thesonisamodelworker.
2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。
theearth,themoon,thestars,thesun（但space前不用）
3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。
thesecond,thetallest,thelast,thefirst.
4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。
theUnitedStates;thePeople’sRepublicofChina;theCommunistPartyofChina;theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy;theNo.15MiddleSchool;thedepartmentofEducation.
5、用在某些建筑物名称前。
TheGreatHallofthePeople;theMonumenttothePeople’sHeroes;theGreatWall;theCapitalTheatre;theSpaceMuseum;thePeaceHotel。
6、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。
TheChangjiangRiver,theRedSea,theDabieMountains,theEnglishChannel,theTaiwanStraits,thePersianGulf。
7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。
thePeople’sDaily（但：
ChinaDaily）theNewYorkTimes,the15thPartyCongress,theGenevaAgreement
8、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。
ontheleft,intheeast,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend,hitsbonthehead,catchsbbythearm
9、用在形容词前表一类人。
thepoor,thedead,theyoung,therich,thewounded.
10、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。
Givemethebook.Who’stheman?
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。
theSmiths,theGreens,theWangs,theTurners
11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物（指整个一类）。
Thehorseisausefulanimal.
Thecomputerwasinvadednotlongago.（但更多时候表特指：
Thehorseisill.）
12、指世纪的年代。
inthe1890’s或inthe1890s
13、用在表示乐器的名词前。
playthepiano（theguitar,theviolin,theflute）
14、用在某国语言前，构成the…language的形式。
TheEnglishlanguageisverywidelyusedallovertheworld.
如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。
Chinesehasthelargestnumberofspeakersintheworld.
15、用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。
Hegotpaidbythehour.Theyselltheclothbythemeter.
三、不用冠词的场合。
1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。
China,Johnson;Airismatter.Soundisinvisible.
2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。
Thisbookisgood.IreadmyEnglishbookeveryday.
3、注：
指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。
＊mythatbook,应该说：
thatbookofmine.
街名、广场名、公园名前。
WallStreet.Tian’anmenSquare,HydePark.
4、省市、大学名前。
HubeiProvince（但theProvinceofHubei）;WuhanCity（但theCityofWuhan）;QinghuaUniversity（但：
theUniversityofQinghua）
5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。
EastLake,SaltLake,DongtingLake
6、山峰前不用冠词。
MountHua,MountTai,MountEverest
7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。
March,Christmas,Sunday;Haveyouhadlunch?
Springisthebestseasonoftheyears.
（但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。
Iarrivedhereinthewinterof1993.）
8、称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。
What’sthis,John?
WemadeLiHaimonitor.
9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。
Welikemaths.Theyoftenplayfootball.
10、泛指的复数名词前。
Studentsmustworkhardattheirlesson.
11、与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。
bybus,byhand,byradio,byair,bywater.
冠词用法巩固练习
1.—I’mafraidIdarenotspeakin______public.
—Justhave______try.
A.a;不填;B.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the
2.Asyouknow,_____mancan’tlivewithout____water.
A.不填;不填;B.a;theC.a;不填;D.不填;the
3.Thepolicehave______powertoarrestbadpeopleby_____law.
A.the;theB.不填;theC.不填;不填;D.the;不填;
4.Parisis______mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee_____famousEiffelTower.
A.a;theB.a;不填;C.the;aD.不填;the
5.—Doyoulikethenovels?
—Idon’tlikeeitherofthem.Pleaseshowme_______thirdone.
A.aB.theC.XD.an
6.Keepawayfromthecage._____lionis______fierceanimal.
A.The;theB.A;theC.A;不填;D.The;a
7.Theclassnamed_______LeiFangisoneofthebestclassedinthisschool.
A.inhonorofB.intheplaceofC.infavorofD.inthewayof
8.—Whatabout______bike?
—Doyouthinkitallrighttobuyhimthatbikeas____birthdaygift?
A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the
9.Firstaidis_____scienceofgiving____medicalcareto______person.
A.the;不填;aB.the;the;aC.a;不填;theD.不填;a;the
10.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.You’vedropped_____“n”here.
A.anB.theC.不填;D.a
11.BillClintontook_____officeonJanuary20th,1993,andbecame_______42ndUSPresident.
A.an;theB.不填;theC.the;不填;D.不填;不填;
12.—Haveyouseen_______pen?
Ileftitherethismorning?
—IthinkIsaw_____onesomewhere.Isit______redone?
A.a;the;aB.a;a;theC.the;不填;aD.a;不填;a
13.—Thenewsisspreadingfrommouthtomouth.
—Yes,it’sbecome______talkof_____town.
A.a;aB.the;不填;C.the;theD.a;不填;
14.Nowthemachinerunsatdouble_______.
A.aspeedB.speedC.thespeedD.forspeed
15.—Ihopeyouwillbereadytoleaveontime.
—Don’tworry.I’llbeready____thetaxiarrives.
A.bythetimeB.intimefor
C.atthetimeofD.untilthetimewhen
16.Ifhegoesonswimminginthatlakefor_____fourhours,he_______initfortwelvehours.
A.another;willhavebeenswimmingB.a;willswim
C.other;hasswumD.the;willbeswimming
17.—CharleyOakley,_______NBAAll-star,hasn’tmissed______gameinpastthreeyears.
—Ican’tbelieveit.
A.an;aB.a;theC.the;aD.an;the
18.—Whatdidyouthinkoftheplace?
—Ididn’tcarforitat____first,butafter_____timeIgottolikeit.
A.不填;theB.the;aC.the;不填;D.不填;a
19.—Inthepasttenyears,therehavebeenmanychangesinfamilylife.
—Arethesechanges______?
A.betterorworseB.forbestorforworst
C.forthegoodorforthebadD.forthebetterorfortheworse
20.Theletter_______.Ishouldhavereceiveditthismorning.
A.istobemailedB.hasbeenmailedC.hadbeenmailedD.wasbeingmailed
21.Towards____morning,_____heavysnowbegantofall.
A.the;aB.an;aC.a;不填;D不填;the
22.Mymotherisusuallyon________dutyinherofficeevery______fewdays.
A.the;aB.不填;aC.不填;不填;D.a;不填;
23.Hehasfinished_______.
A.adayworkB.day’sworkingC.aday’sworkD.aday-work
24.—Maywecomeinrightnow?
—Certainly,butonlytwoareallowed______.
A.atatimeB.inawhileC.atonetimeD.forawhile
25.Nowonder_____failedinthedrivingtestfor_____secondtime.
A.hasshe;theB.shehas;theC.hasshe;aD.shehas;a
26.—Whendidyourecognizeher?
—_________Imether.
A.AmomentB.Themoment
C.ThemomentwhenD.Foramoment
27.—Isthisradioshowstill_______?
—No.Itwillbebroadcastagainnextmonth.
A.byairB.throughtheairC.ontheairD.intheair
28.TheeveningmealforAmericansisusuallylongand_____forfamiliestogathertogether.
A.timeB.adateC.atimeD.thedate
29.DuffieldWhite,whoisin_____chargeofthecompetition,saidthattheboywastheyoungestwinnerof_______prize.
A不填;aB.the;theC.不填;theD.one;the
30.ThebuildingwasnamedFordHall________amannamedJamesFord.
A.formemoryofB.inthememorythatC.inmemoryofD.inamemoryfor
31.Oh,Mary,_______youhavegivenus!
I_______sosoon.
A.howpleasantsurprise;hadnoideathatyoucome
B.howpleasantsurprise;don’tsupposeyouwillcome
C.howpleasantasurprise;didn’tsupposeyouwouldcome
D.whatpleasantsurprise;don’tthinkyouhavecome
32.Thesetworoomsareof_____size.Butanothertworoomsarethreetimes_____sizeofthem.
A.the;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;a
33.Itisnotrarein_____thatpeoplein_____fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.
A.90s;theB.the90s;不填;C.90’s;theirD.the90’s;their
34.—What’syoureldersister?
—Sheis____teacherand_______writer.
A.the;theB.a;不填;C.a;aD.the;a
35.ProfessorSmithhadnotgiven_____talkonShakespeareforalongtime,sohehadtobrushuponsomeof______plays.
A.不填;不填;B.a;theC.the;不填;D.the;the
36.______playedanimportantrollinfieldhospitalsduringthewar.
A.AX-rayequipmentB.AnX-rayequipment
C.X-rayequipmentsD.X-rayequipment
37.Atmidnighttheyreached_____smallvillage_____eastof_____Ever-whiteMountain.
A.a;不填;theB.a;不填;不填;C.the;the;theD.the;an;an
38.Youngasheis,Davidhasgained_______richexperiencein_____society.
A.不填;不填;B.the;theC.a;不填;D.不填;the
39.—WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay“HandinHand”?
—Justso-so.However,Idon’tthinkitisworthwatching________.
A.asecondtimeB.thesecondtimeC.forthesecondtimeD.secondly
40.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_____woolused.
A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;theD.不填；不填
Key
1—10.BADAADABAA11—20.BDDCAAADAD
21—30.ACCADBCCCC31—40.CBDBBDAAAB
二、介词
介词又叫做前置词，是一种虚词，不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配（介词＋宾语）构成介词短语；和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。
介词分为简单介词，如：
at,in,on,besides,since,for等；合成介词，如：
inside,outside,without,within,into,onto等；短语介词（或成语介词），如：
becauseof,infrontof,insteadof,in
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