外文翻译基于电力载波技术的智能化照明和空调控制系统的设计.docx

外文翻译基于电力载波技术的智能化照明和空调控制系统的设计.docx

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外文翻译基于电力载波技术的智能化照明和空调控制系统的设计

附录（英文原文）：

IntelligentControlviaPower-lineCarrierforIlluminationandAirConditioninBuildings

I.INTRODUCTION

Inrecentyears,associaleconomygrowsandpeople’slivingstandardimproves,requirementsofcommercialelectricityandresidentialelectricityhavebeenincreasingsubstantially.Tomeetelectricitydemandsofusers,itisnecessaryforelectricpowerenterprisestodeveloppowersupplywithnewpowerplantconstructionsorextensionsandPTD（powertransmissionanddistribution）equipments.

However,becauseofthelimitedpetroleumenergy,itspricefluctuatesgreatly;InChineseTaiwan,duetopeople’senvironmentalawarenessandresistance,exploitationofenergyresourcesandelectricpowerconstructionareconfrontedwithgreatdifficultiesinthatitistheunshirkableresponsibilityforeveryonetosaveenergy.Theproperelectricpowerutilizationwillleadtoincreasesofpowerconsumptionthatexceedscontractcapacityandelectriccharge.Efficientuseofenergyshouldberegardedasrightenergy-savingconcept.AccordingtoEconomicMinistrystatistics,Taiwan'stotalpowerconsumptionofresidentialcommercialbuildingsaccountsfor34%.PowerusinginilluminationandairconditionofTaiwan'soldapartmentisabout52%.

Therefore,toachieveenergysavinggoals,wecanimprovetheresidentialandcommercialbuildingequipmentatthebeginning.Althoughthegovernmenthascontrolledthepoweruseofthenewbuilding,inTaiwantherearestillmorethan94%oldbuildingswhichdidnotconsidertheenergy-saving.Thispaperaimstosucceedinthattheadvancedmeteringinfrastructureoptimizesloadoperationwithpowerlinecarrierandachievestheloadmanagement.Twosubsystemsofthehardwarearecomposedofamasermoduleandtwocontrolmodules.

Themastermoduleconsistsofasignaltransformcircuit,anAVRmicroprocessor,akeyboarddecodecircuit,aLCDcircuit,andapowerlinecarriercircuit,whichhasfunctionsoflocalandremotemonitoring.Controlmodulesareclassifiedinto2categories-airconditioningcontrolmoduleandilluminationcontrolmodule.Eachcontrolmoduleconsistsofasignaltransformcircuit,anAVRmicroprocessor,akeyboardcircuit,aLCDcircuit,andapowerlinecarriercircuit,whichhasthefunctionsofmanualandautomaticloadcontrol.Aninfraredcontrolcircuitisinstalledinairconditioningcontrolmoduleforcontrollingairconditioner,andapowercontrolcircuitforcontrollingilluminationdeviceisaddedtotheilluminationcontrolmodule.

Thesemodulesrealizecommunicationsviapowerlines.Thedistributedmanagementisadoptedtoallocateinformationresourcestoeverymodule.Thedistributedformisalsoappliedtotheinformationsystemdevelopmentanddatastore.Itsmainadvantageisthatitcansatisfytheinformationneedsofeachmoduleandmeetthedemandthateachmodulecontrolsinformationresource.Withconvenienceforuseandmaintenance,ithasthebiggestdifferencefromcentralizationthatifamoduleisdown,othermodulescanstillkeeprunningandtheoverallsystemwillnotcometoastandstill.Theresearchresultofthispaperisestimatedtobesmoothlyappliedintheoccasionthattheloadmanagementisrequiredtoreduceelectriccharge.

II.METHODOLOGY

A.LoadManagementPlan

Thispapermakesuseofdistributedcontrolmodeltoservethepurposesofhumanityandloadcontrol.Dependingonhighlyautomaticoperation,itwilltakeproperactionsaccordingtoreal-timeandaccuratedatatoreducelaborcostandelectricityexpenditure,andimprovepowerefficiency.Thissystemincludesamastermoduleandmultiplecontrolmodules,showasFig.1.Themastermodulemonitorstheusers’practicalelectricpowerutilization,andtransmitssignaltocontrolmodules.Thecontrolmoduleswilladoptcertaincontroltechnologiestoswitchofftheelectricityoradjusttheequipments’powerconsumptioninaccordancewithloadcharacteristics.

Consideringthatusersknowlittleabouttheserviceconditionofelectricpower,thispaperwilldevelopasystemthatissuitableforordinarypeopletooperateandtherewillbeaLCDscreenforobservingtheserviceconditionofelectricpower.Therefore,userscanknowtheirelectricpowerqualityorchangethescheduleofelectricpowerutilizationaccordingly.

Themastermodule,adigitalmeter,isusedtomeasuretheparametersincludingtheeffectivevaluesofvoltageandcurrent,totalpower,totalreactivepower,etc.

Themodulehasexternalcommunicationinterface,whichcantransferdataviapowerlinecarrier,thus,whereverthecontrolmodulesofthebuildingare,oncetheLANisconnected,anyloadcanberemotelymonitoredandcontrolled.

Controlmodulesareopen,whichreceiveserviceconditionofelectricpowerandproperlycontrolstheequipments.Theworkingconditionsofequipmentsareconsideredasjudgmentsofcontrol.Controlmodulescanbedividedintoairconditioningcontrolandilluminationcontrolonthebasisofloadcharacteristic.Thispapercontrolslargeloadsinfamilyincludingairconditionersandlightingequipments.Airconditioneradoptsinfraredraystoexerciseairconditioningcontrol,whilelightingequipmentsareforilluminationcontrol.Withrapiddevelopmentoftechnology,loadcontrolwillbemorecompactandreliable;whosehardwarewillcompleteamonitoringsystemincooperationwithautomaticmeterreadingforcommunicationtechnologyisbecomingmoredeveloped.

B.HardwareSystem

SeeFig.1forhardwareframework.Thesystemofthisplanincludes3subsystems,namelymastermodule,airconditioningcontrolmoduleandilluminationcontrolmodule.Themastermodulecanmeasurethereal-timestates,includingthevoltage,thecurrent,therealpower,andthereactivepower,etc.,whichwillberevealedonLCDscreen.Themeasureddatacanbetransmittedtocontrolmodulesforfurtherhandlingviapowerline,andthecontrolmodulescancontrolloadsbasedonthereceiveddata.Themastermoduleconsistsofasignaltransformcircuit,anAVRmicroprocessor,akeyboarddecodecircuit,aLCDcircuit,andapowerlinecarriercircuit.Ithasthefunctionsoflocalandremotemonitoring.Thesignaltransformcircuitcantransformtheactualvaluesofvoltageandcurrentintotheavailablevoltagelevelinlinewithanalogical/logicalconversion.AVRmicroprocessorcantakesamplesofcontinuoussignals,processcommandsofkeyboardandcomputer,outputtheresulttoLCDandcommandthecontroller’sactions.ThekeyboardcircuitcommandsAVRtodisplaydifferentparameters.TheLCDcircuitcanrevealthemeasuredwaveandmeasurementsandsoon.Theaimofpowerlinecarriercircuitismodulatingtheserviceconditionofelectricpowertothepowerlinecarriersignal,whichwillbetransmittedtocontrolmodulesforcontrollingpurpose.

Airconditioningcontrolmoduleconsistsofasignaltransformcircuit,AVRmicroprocessorcanprocessthecommandsofkeyboard,generatecontrolcommandsaccordingtomastermodule,outputresultstoLCDanddriveinfraredrayscontrolcircuit.ThekeyboardcircuitcancommandAVRtorevealdifferentparameters,orinstructAVRtotakeactiontoinfraredrayscontrolcircuit.TheLCDcircuitcandisplayoperationstates.Infraredrayscontrolcircuitmaycontrolswitchandtemperatureregulationofloadinaccordancewithcommands.Theaimofpowerlinecarriercircuitistodecodethecarriersignalofpowerlineandtransformitintothedatathatisavailableforcontrollingofcontrolmodules.Thispapertakesairconditionerasthecontrolledentityofairconditioningcontrolmodules.

Thecontentsofilluminationcontrolmodulearesimilartothoseofairconditioningcontrolmoduleandonlypowercontrolcircuit,whichcontrolsswitchofloadaccordingtocommands,replacesinfraredrayscontrolcircuit.Thispaperconsiderslightingequipmentsasthecontrolledentityofilluminationcontrolmodule.microprocessor,akeyboardcircuit,aLCDcircuit;infraredrayscontrolcircuitandapowerlinecarriercircuit.

B.1AVRmicroprocessor

ThisplantakesAVRchipmicrocontrollerasSTK128developmentboard（ATmega128）.SeeFig.2.TheAVRsinglechip,developedbyATMELCompany,isthehigh-speed8-bitsinglechipwithenhancedCPU（ReducedInstructionSetCPU,RISC）withbuilt-inflash.AVRsinglechipiswidelyappliedininstrumentsandmeters,communicationequipments,homeappliancesandsoon.ItmainlyfeaturesAVR8-bitmicrocontrollerofhighperformanceandlowpowerconsumption,andadvancedRISCframework.When16MHzisadopted,itwillachieve16MIPS（millioninstructionspersecond）,andsystemof128Kbytecanconductflashprogramming,alsooptimalexternalmemoryspaceof64Kbytescanrealizeprogrammingofsystem.IthasJTAGinterface（compatiblewithstandardIEEE1149.1）.ViaJTAGinterface,programmingsofFlash,EEPROM,fusepointandlockpointareimplemented.

Ithastwoindependentprescalersand8-bittimer/counterwithfunctionofcomparator,two16-bittimers/counterswithfunctionsofprescaler,comparingandcapturing,real-timetimerwithindependentprescaler,8routesand10-bitADC,8singlechannels,7differencechannels,twoprogrammableserialUSARTandsoon.I/Oandencapsulationhave53programmableI/O,workingvoltageof4.5-5.5V,andfrequencyrangeof0-16MHz.Inconclusion,ATmega128isan8-bitmicroprocessorwithlowpowerconsumptionbasedonAVRRISCframework.Becauseoftheadvancedinstructionsetandmonocyclicinstructiontime,thethroughputofATmega128reaches1MIPS/MHz,whichcanalleviatethecontradictionbetweenpowerconsumptionandprocessingrate.

B.2PowerLineCarrierCircuit.

Thiscircuitadoptsdatatransmissionmoduleofpowerlinecar