主谓一致修订版.docx
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主谓一致修订版
主谓一致
Definition:
主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
Rules:
1.语法一致原则:
即主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式(即主语是单数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
)
2.意义一致原则:
即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)
3.就近一致原则:
即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。
一、语法一致原则
1.单数主语,不定式,_______或从句作主语时,谓语动词用______.
①XuYuzhuisstudyingEnglish.
②Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.
③Seeingisbelieving.
④Whowilldothejobhasnotbeendecidedyet.
练习:
1.Tosay______onething,todo______another.(be)
2.Seeing______believing.(be)
3.Whathehasdone______right.(be)
Note:
当what引导的句子作主语,若后面是“be+名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
1Whatweneed___moretime.
②Whatweneed____doctors.(be)
Whathetookwithhim____threebooks.Were
2.复数名词、代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式
1Allthestudents_____clever.(be)
②They_____Englishverymuch.(like)
3.用and或both…and连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
①Bothmyfatherandmymother____farmers.(are)
2WhatIthinkandwhatIdo___beenfairlyindisagreement.(have)
3Readingandwriting____veryimportant.(are)
Note:
⑴and连接的两个单数主语前如有each,every,no,manya(许多)等修饰时,谓语用单数。
①Eachboyand(each)girl____aseat.(have)
2Manyaboyandgirl____madethesamemistake.(have)
3There____nosoundandnovoiceinthereadingroom.(be)
4InChinaeverymanandeverywoman____therighttovoteonthisproblem.(have)
⑵当and连接的两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前有/无任何冠词),谓语动词用______。
e.g.:
Theteacherandwriterhascome.那位老师兼作家已经来了。
Theteacherandthewriterhavecome.那位老师和那位作家都来了。
练习:
1.Aknifeandfork______onthetable.(is)
2.Thesecretaryandprincipaloftheschoo1______presentatthemeeting.was
3.Thewriterandpoet______decidedtobeonholidayinGuilin.has
4.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
ironandsteel钢铁breadandbutter加黄油的面包
aknifeandfork一副刀叉aneedleandthread针线;
ahorseandcart四轮马车coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡
4、由any-,some-,no-,every—和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数.
e.g.Somebody____waitingforyouattheschoolgate.(be)
5、英语句中的each,either,neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用_______。
Iseveryoneheretoday?
Eachofushasanewbook.
Neitheriscorrect.
Neitherofushasbeenabroad.
Eachofthehousesispaintedadifferentcolor.
Note:
1.each位于复数主语之后作同位语,谓语用_____,与each无关。
e.g.WeeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.
2.需要说明的是:
在口语中,如果either,neither和none后面有"of+复数名词/代词"作主语时,动词用单数或复数形式均可。
例如:
Neitherofthemis/arecorrect.
Noneofthedoctorshave/hasbeentotheGreatWall.
但要注意"noneof+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
6、“manya+单数名词/morethanone+单数名词
oneandahalf+复数名词”a/an+单数名词+andahalf”作主语时,谓语动词用单数
①Manyaforeigner___beentotheGreatWall.(have)
②Morethanoneperson____absent.(be)
③Oneandahalfhours____passed.(have)
④Ayearandahalf____passed.(have)
Note:
morethan…of…作主语时,动词应与of前/后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:
e.g.Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecountry.(be)
7.plentyof,alotof,therestof,mostof,halfof,分数/百分数+of+n等短语作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。
①Mostofhismoney____spentonbooks.(be)
②Mostofthestudents____takinganactivepartinsports.(be)
③Two-thirdsofthestudents____fromcountryside.(come)
8.定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
e.g.I,who___yourteacher,willsharehappinessandsorrowwithyou.(be)
⑵which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As___known,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(be)
(3)oneof+pl.+定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______;
the(only)oneof+pl.+定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______。
①Tomisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatplayingfootball.
②Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatplayingfootball.
9.在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与________________保持一致。
Itisyouwhoaretoblame.(be)
意义一致原则:
1.集合名词family,class,team,group,club,audience,population,majority…作主语,其用法特点为:
若强调整体,谓语动词用______;若强调个体成员,谓语动词则用______.
e.g.
①Ourclass______onthefifthfloor.(be)
②Ourclass______studyingEnglishnow.(be)
Ourfamily_____inWuhan.(live)
Myfamily_____watchingTVatweekend.(like)
Note:
⑴集合名词cattle(牛),people,police(警察)等,其用法特点为:
只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,谓语在任何情况下都用_______.
e.g.Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察在找他。
⑵thepopulationof…“…的人口数量”作主语时,谓语单数,但分数、百分数、halfof,therestof+thepopulation作主语时,具体指其中的多少人,谓语则用复数。
e.g.ThepopulationofChina___over1.3billionand80%ofthepopulation_____farmers.(be)
2.means方法,works工厂,deer,sheep,fish鱼,series系列,species物种等单复数同形的名词作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。
e.g.
①Allpossiblemeans____beentried.(have)allthe______(所有的学生)
②Everypossiblemeans____beentried.(have)every_______(每一个学生)
③Thispaperworks____builtin1978.(be)this________(这本书)
3.某些以"-s"或"-es"结尾的表示疾病、学科、游戏等名称的名词常看作单数。
如:
news(),physics(),mathematics(),politics(政治),等,都属于形式上是复数但实际意义是单数的名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用____。
eg.
①Mathematicsisofgreatimportancetomiddleschoolstudents.(be)
②Badnews____wings.(have)坏事传千里。
4.主语是书名,报纸名,国名,剧名等复数形式的名词,仍为个体,谓语用______.
①TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.(be)
②The365Nightsisverypopularwithchildren.(be)
Diabetes(糖尿病)_____averyseriousdisease.(be)
5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用_______。
e.g.
①Twentyyears_______isalongtimetous.(be)
②Tenyuan_______isenough.(be)
Thirtyminutes_______isenoughforthework.(be)
Tenmultipliedbythree_______makesthirty.(be)
Tendollars_______istoodear.(be)
Twohundredmiles_______isagooddistance.(be)
6.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
①TheOlympicGames____heldonceeveryfouryears.(be)奥运会每四年举办一次。
②TheHimalayas____theroofoftheworld.(be)喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。
7.all,which,some,half,therest作主语时,谓语根据指代名词确定。
如all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用_____;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用_____。
e.g.
①Allarepresent.所有的人都出席了。
(表人)
②Alliswell.一切都好。
(表示整个事情或情况)
8.由“this/thatkindof,manykindsof+n.”和“n.+ofthis/thatkind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前/后的名词保持数的一致。
①Thekindofapplessellswell.
②Menofthiskindaredangerous.
9.由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargeamountof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of前/后名词的数而定。
e.g.
①Themajorityofthestudentsinourclassarefortheidea.
②Therestofthelectureiswonderful.
练习:
1.Two-thirdsoftheprofit_____madeonthatdeal.(be)
2.Therestofthestudents____boys.(be)
3.Twopercentofthestudentsinourclass_____boys.(be)
4.There_____stilllotsofwaterinthelake.(be)
Note:
anumberof+pl.“许多…”,谓语动词用复数;
thenumberof+pl.“…的数目”,谓语动词用_____。
e.g.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachers_____hard.(be;work)
10.主语是alarge/smallquantityof+U/Pl.谓语动词用单数;
例如:
(1)Quantitiesoffoodarewastedeveryday.
(2)Amountsofmoneywerespentonthisproject.
(这两个词的用法是主谓一致中的难点,同时也是常考点)
①There____alargequantityofmilk/applesonthefarm.(be)
②Largequantitiesofwater/coal/bricks___neededhere.(be)
11.the+adj.做主语时,表示一类人或物时,谓语动词用复数;若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;
e.g.
①Inmanystories,thegood___wellrewardedandthebad____doomedtounfortunate.(be)
②Thewounded____ayoungboy.(be)
Theblind____oftenlookeddownuponatpresent.(be)
Thewounded____stillnotwelltreated.(be)
Thebeautiful____forever.(live)
12.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves,socks,slippers,scissors等作主语时,谓语通常用复数,*但如果前有a/thepairof等词语修饰时,谓语动词与pair等一致,用单数。
Eg.
①Mytrousers___verynice.(be)
②Apairofshoes____underthebed.(be)
13.名词性物主代词作主语,谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Yourshoesarewhite;Mine____black.(be)
14.带引号的词语作主语相当于第___人称单数,因此谓语也用______.
“I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishalphabet.
15."oneandahalf+名词复数"表数量作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
Oneandahalfpearshasbeenleftonthetable.
三、就近一致原则
1.由...or...,...nor...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
①YouorsheisgoodatEnglish.
练习:
1.NotonlyhebutalsoI______ofthematter.(不知道)
2.NotonlyIbutalsohe______ofthematter.(不知道)
3.Eitherheorhisclassmates_____goingtoGuilintoday.(be)
Note:
在“A+with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,but,like,besides,aswellas,ratherthan,including,etc+B”的结构中,谓语和A/B在单复数上保持一致,即就远原则。
e.g.
①Mr.Yuan,togetherwithhistwostudents______theoffice.enters
②Theteacheraswellasthestudents______foraholiday.wishes
Nooneexcepttwoboys______lateforschool.was
Theteacheraswellasthestudents______thispainting.likes
2.当一个句子是由there或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
①Here__somebread.(be)
②There__37girlstudentsand14boystudentsinClass0902.(be)
There______abillalongwiththeparce1.was
3.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
①There____thebus.(come)
②Such____thefacts.(be)
Onthewall___manypictures.(be)
Onthedesk___manydifferentbooks.(be)
Such___thefacts.(be)
There___thebell.(go)
巩固练习:
1.Allbutone__________presentatthemeetingjustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
3.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks________tothenationasagift.
A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered
4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.
A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were
6.Atthebusstop__________asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits
7.Iflawandorder________,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyiss